9、for循环的新旧语法详解【robot framework】
新语法格式："FOR…IN…END"
这种是Robot Framework 3.1之后的用法。
FOR循环中使用的关键字位于接下来的行中，循环以END（区分大小写）在单独的行上结束。循环内的关键字不需要缩进，但强烈建议进行缩进，以使语法更易于阅读
*** Test Cases ***
Example
FOR ${animal} IN cat dog
Log ${animal}
Log 2nd keyword
END
Log Outside loop
Second Example
FOR ${var} IN one two ${3} four ${five}
... kuusi 7 eight nine ${last}
Log ${var}
END旧语法格式：":FOR…IN…\...\"
这种是Robot Framework 3.1之前的用法。
*** Test Cases ***
Example
:FOR ${animal} IN cat dog
\ Log ${animal}
\ Log 2nd keyword
Log Outside loop同一个关键字的换行不需要以“\”开头，以下写法会报错:"Escaping empty cells with '\' before line continuation marker '...' is deprecated. Remove escaping before Robot Framework 3.2.
*** Test Cases ***
Debug
${Str} = Set Variable Rose
: FOR ${Ctr} IN RANGE 1 5
\ Run Keyword If '${Str}' == 'Test' Log Test
\ ... ELSE Log Not Test
正确写法：
*** Test Cases ***
Debug
${Str} = Set Variable Rose
: FOR ${Ctr} IN RANGE 1 5
\ Run Keyword If '${Str}' == 'Test' Log Test
... ELSE Log Not Test
㠌套for循环
从Robot Framework 4.0开始支持㠌套语法, FOR 循环里面包含另一个FOR循环。
*** Test Cases ***
Multiple nesting levels
FOR ${root} IN r1 r2
FOR ${child} IN c1 c2 c3
FOR ${grandchild} IN g1 g2
Log Many ${root} ${child} ${grandchild}
END
END
FOR ${sibling} IN s1 s2 s3
IF '${sibling}' != 's2'
Log Many ${root} ${sibling}
END
END
END
FOR-IN-RANGE loop
控制循环范围从 0 到 9，1到11或者自定义的步长。
*** Test Cases ***
Only upper limit
[Documentation] Loops over values from 0 to 9.
FOR ${index} IN RANGE 10
Log ${index}
END
Start and end
[Documentation] Loops over values from 1 to 10.
FOR ${index} IN RANGE 1 11
Log ${index}
END
Also step given
[Documentation] Loops over values 5, 15, and 25.
FOR ${index} IN RANGE 5 26 10
Log ${index}
END
Negative step
[Documentation] Loops over values 13, 3, and -7.
FOR ${index} IN RANGE 13 -13 -10
Log ${index}
END
Arithmetic
[Documentation] Arithmetic with variable.
FOR ${index} IN RANGE ${var} + 1
Log ${index}
END
Float parameters
[Documentation] Loops over values 3.14, 4.34, and 5.54.
FOR ${index} IN RANGE 3.14 6.09 1.2
Log ${index}
END
FOR-IN-ENUMERATE loop
包含index的列表循环
*** Variables ***
@{LIST} a b c
*** Test Cases ***
Manage index manually
${index} = Set Variable -1
FOR ${item} IN @{LIST}
${index} = Evaluate ${index} + 1
My Keyword ${index} ${item}
END
FOR-IN-ENUMERATE
FOR ${index} ${item} IN ENUMERATE @{LIST}
My Keyword ${index} ${item}
END
FOR-IN-ZIP loop
支持同时遍历长度相同的多个列表
*** Variables ***
@{NUMBERS} ${1} ${2} ${5}
@{NAMES} one two five
*** Test Cases ***
Iterate over two lists manually
${length}= Get Length ${NUMBERS}
FOR ${index} IN RANGE ${length}
Log Many ${NUMBERS}[${index}] ${NAMES}[${index}]
END
FOR-IN-ZIP
FOR ${number} ${name} IN ZIP ${NUMBERS} ${NAMES}
Log Many ${number} ${name}
END
*** Variables ***
@{NUMBERS} ${1} ${2} ${5}
@{NAMES} one two five
@{LISTS} ${NUMBERS} ${NAMES}
*** Test Cases ***
FOR-IN-ZIP with lists from variable
FOR ${number} ${name} IN ZIP @{LISTS}
Log Many ${number} ${name}
END
支持同时遍历长度不相同的多个列表
注意：必须用robot --version查一下robot版本是否支持这种新语法。
从Robot Framework 6.1开始，支持同时遍历长度不相同的多个列表.
默认情况下，最短的项决定了有多少次迭代，并且在较长项末尾的值将被忽略。可以通过使用 mode 选项来更改这一行为，该选项有三种可能的值：
STRICT：项必须具有相等的长度。如果不相等，则执行失败。这与使用 Python 的 zip 函数的 strict=True 相同。
SHORTEST：在较长的项中的项将被忽略。在此模式下支持无限迭代器，只要其中一个项耗尽即可。这是默认行为。
LONGEST：最长的项决定了有多少次迭代。在较短的项中缺少的值将使用 fill 选项指定的值填充，如果未使用 fill，则使用 None。这与使用 Python 的 zip_longest 函数相同，只是它具有 fillvalue 参数而不是 fill。
以下示例说明了所有这些模式：
*** Variables ***
@{CHARACTERS} a b c d f
@{NUMBERS} 1 2 3
*** Test Cases ***
STRICT mode
[Documentation] This loop fails due to lists lengths being different.
FOR ${c} ${n} IN ZIP ${CHARACTERS} ${NUMBERS} mode=STRICT
Log ${c}: ${n}
END
SHORTEST mode
[Documentation] This loop executes three times.
FOR ${c} ${n} IN ZIP ${CHARACTERS} ${NUMBERS} mode=SHORTEST
Log ${c}: ${n}
END
LONGEST mode
[Documentation] This loop executes five times.
... On last two rounds `${n}` has value `None`.
FOR ${c} ${n} IN ZIP ${CHARACTERS} ${NUMBERS} mode=LONGEST
Log ${c}: ${n}
END
LONGEST mode with custom fill value
[Documentation] This loop executes five times.
... On last two rounds `${n}` has value `0`.
FOR ${c} ${n} IN ZIP ${CHARACTERS} ${NUMBERS} mode=LONGEST fill=0
Log ${c}: ${n}
END