1、count(*)、count(1) 、count(‘字段名’) 区别
2、HQL 执行优先级:
from、where、 group by 、having、order by、join、select 、limit
3、where 条件里不支持不等式子查询,实际上是支持 in、not in、exists、not exists
-- 列出与“SCOTT”从事相同工作的所有员工。
select t1.EMPNO
,t1.ENAME
,t1.JOB
from emp t1
where t1.ENAME != "SCOTT" and t1.job in(
select job
from emp
where ENAME = "SCOTT");
7900,JAMES,CLERK,7698,1981-12-03,950,null,30
7902,FORD,ANALYST,7566,1981-12-03,3000,null,20
select t1.EMPNO
,t1.ENAME
,t1.JOB
from emp t1
where t1.ENAME != "SCOTT" and exists(
select job
from emp t2
where ENAME = "SCOTT"
and t1.job = t2.job
);
4、hive中大小写不敏感
5、在hive中,数据中如果有null字符串,加载到表中的时候会变成 null (不是字符串)
如果需要判断 null,使用 某个字段名 is null 这样的方式来判断
或者使用 nvl() 函数,不能 直接 某个字段名 == null
6、使用explain查看SQL执行计划
explain select t1.EMPNO
,t1.ENAME
,t1.JOB
from emp t1
where t1.ENAME != "SCOTT" and t1.job in(
select job
from emp
where ENAME = "SCOTT");
# 查看更加详细的执行计划,加上extended
explain extended select t1.EMPNO
,t1.ENAME
,t1.JOB
from emp t1
where t1.ENAME != "SCOTT" and t1.job in(
select job
from emp
where ENAME = "SCOTT");
create table testDate(
ts timestamp
,dt date
) row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
// 2021-01-14 14:24:57.200,2021-01-11
// from_unixtime 传入一个时间戳以及pattern(yyyy-MM-dd) 可以将 时间戳转换成对应格式的字符串
select from_unixtime(1630915221,'yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒')
// unix_timestamp 传入一个时间字符串以及pattern,可以将字符串按照pattern转换成时间戳
select unix_timestamp('2021年09月06日 16时00分21秒','yyyy年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒');
select unix_timestamp('2021-01-14 14:24:57.200')
create table testArray(
name string,
weight array<string>
)row format delimited
fields terminated by '\t'
COLLECTION ITEMS terminated by ',';
select name,weight[0] from testArray;
杨老板 140,160,180
张志凯 160,200,180
map
key:value,key2:v2,k3:v3
create table scoreMap(
name string,
score map
)ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ','
MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY ':';
select name,score['语文'] from scoreMap;
小明 语文:91,数学:110,英语:40
小红 语文:100,数学:130,英语:140
create table scoreStruct(
name string,
score struct
)ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ',';
select name,score.course,score.score from scoreStruct;
小明 语文,91,000001,余老师
小红 数学,100,000002,体育老师
https://blog.csdn.net/woshixuye/article/details/53317009
select id,name from tb t where ... and .... group by xxx having xxxx order by xxx asc/desc limit n;
where :过滤数据、!!!分区裁剪!!!
join:left join、right join、join 注意MapJoin
group by : 通常结合聚合函数一起使用
order by:全局排序
sort by:局部排序
distribute by:分区
cluster by
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/93747613 order by、distribute by、sort by、cluster by详解