go消息队列RabbitMQ - 订阅模式-topic
1.介绍
话题模式，一个消息被多个消费者获取，消息的目标queue可用BindingKey以通配符，（#：一个或多个词，*：一个词）的方式指定
Topic类型的Exchange与Direct相比，都是可以根据RoutingKey把消息路由到不同的队列。只不过Topic类型Exchange可以让队列在绑定Routing key 的时候使用通配符！
通配符规则：
#：匹配一个或多个词
*：匹配不多不少恰好1个词
举例：
audit.#：能够匹配audit.irs.corporate`或者 audit.irs
audit.*：只能匹配audit.irs
2.交换机声明
指定交换机类型topic主题模式。
err = ch.ExchangeDeclare(
"logs_topic", // name
"topic", // type
true, // durable
false, // auto-deleted
false, // internal
false, // no-wait
nil, // arguments
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to declare an exchange")3.指定routing key发布消息到topic交换机上
指定routing key并且发布消息到logs_topic的交换机上
err = ch.Publish(
"logs_topic", // exchange
severityFrom(os.Args), // routing key
false, // mandatory
false, // immediate
amqp.Publishing{
ContentType: "text/plain",
Body: []byte(body),
})
failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")4.声明临时队列并且绑定交换机
声明临时队列，用于接收topic消息
q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
"", // name
false, // durable
false, // delete when unused
true, // exclusive
false, // no-wait
nil, // arguments
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")绑定交换机和队列
err = ch.QueueBind(
q.Name, // queue name
s, // routing key
"logs_topic", // exchange
false,
nil)
failOnError(err, "Failed to bind a queue")5.完整代码
我们将在日志记录系统中使用topic交换器。我们将从一个可行的假设开始，即日志的路由键将包含两个词：“
emit_log_topic.go的代码：
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
"strings"
"github.com/streadway/amqp"
)
func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)
}
}
func main() {
conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
defer conn.Close()
ch, err := conn.Channel()
failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
defer ch.Close()
err = ch.ExchangeDeclare(
"logs_topic", // name
"topic", // type
true, // durable
false, // auto-deleted
false, // internal
false, // no-wait
nil, // arguments
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to declare an exchange")
body := bodyFrom(os.Args)
err = ch.Publish(
"logs_topic", // exchange
severityFrom(os.Args), // routing key
false, // mandatory
false, // immediate
amqp.Publishing{
ContentType: "text/plain",
Body: []byte(body),
})
failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")
log.Printf(" [x] Sent %s", body)
}
func bodyFrom(args []string) string {
var s string
if (len(args) < 3) || os.Args[2] == "" {
s = "hello"
} else {
s = strings.Join(args[2:], " ")
}
return s
}
func severityFrom(args []string) string {
var s string
if (len(args) < 2) || os.Args[1] == "" {
s = "anonymous.info"
} else {
s = os.Args[1]
}
return s
}
receive_logs_topic.go的代码：
package main
import (
"log"
"os"
"github.com/streadway/amqp"
)
func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)
}
}
func main() {
conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
defer conn.Close()
ch, err := conn.Channel()
failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
defer ch.Close()
err = ch.ExchangeDeclare(
"logs_topic", // name
"topic", // type
true, // durable
false, // auto-deleted
false, // internal
false, // no-wait
nil, // arguments
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to declare an exchange")
q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
"", // name
false, // durable
false, // delete when unused
true, // exclusive
false, // no-wait
nil, // arguments
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")
if len(os.Args) < 2 {
log.Printf("Usage: %s [binding_key]...", os.Args[0])
os.Exit(0)
}
// 绑定topic
for _, s := range os.Args[1:] {
log.Printf("Binding queue %s to exchange %s with routing key %s",
q.Name, "logs_topic", s)
err = ch.QueueBind(
q.Name, // queue name
s, // routing key
"logs_topic", // exchange
false,
nil)
failOnError(err, "Failed to bind a queue")
}
msgs, err := ch.Consume(
q.Name, // queue
"", // consumer
true, // auto ack
false, // exclusive
false, // no local
false, // no wait
nil, // args
)
failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer")
forever := make(chan bool)
go func() {
for d := range msgs {
log.Printf(" [x] %s", d.Body)
}
}()
log.Printf(" [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C")
<-forever
}
想要接收所有的日志：
go run receive_logs_topic.go "#"
要从“kern”接收所有日志：
go run receive_logs_topic.go "kern.*"
或者，如果你只想接收“critical”日志：
go run receive_logs_topic.go "*.critical"
你可以创建多个绑定：
go run receive_logs_topic.go "kern.*" "*.critical"
并发出带有路由键“kern.critical”的日志：
go run emit_log_topic.go "kern.critical" "A critical kernel error"
你可以自己尝试玩一下这个程序。请注意，代码没有对路由键或绑定键进行任何假设，你可能希望使用两个以上的路由键参数。
（关于emit_log_topic.go和receive_logs_topic.go的完整源代码）