代码随想录刷题第27天

继续回溯。今天第一题是组合总数https://leetcode.cn/problems/combination-sum/description/，直接用回溯算法的代码套路写出。由于重复元素可以选取，在递归时不必从当前元素的下一个进行递归。

class Solution {
public:
    vector> result;
    vector path;
    void backtracking(int targetsum, int sum, vector& candidates,
                      int startindex) {
        if (sum > targetsum)
            return;
        if (sum == targetsum) {
            result.push_back(path);
            return;
        } //终止条件
        for (int i = startindex; i < candidates.size(); i++) {
            path.push_back(candidates[i]);
            sum += candidates[i];
            backtracking(targetsum, sum, candidates, i); //递归
            sum -= candidates[i];
            path.pop_back();
        }
    }
    vector> combinationSum(vector& candidates, int target) {
        backtracking(target, 0, candidates, 0);
        return result;
    }
};

该题的剪枝操作需要先将数组排序，发现当前层的sum与遍历元素和大于targetsum时，对于后序更大的元素就没必要遍历了。

class Solution {
public:
    vector> result;
    vector path;
    void backtracking(int targetsum, int sum, vector& candidates,
                      int startindex) {
        if (sum > targetsum)
            return;
        if (sum == targetsum) {
            result.push_back(path);
            return;
        } //终止条件
        for (int i = startindex;
             i < candidates.size() && sum + candidates[i] <= targetsum; i++) {//剪枝
            path.push_back(candidates[i]);
            sum += candidates[i];
            backtracking(targetsum, sum, candidates, i); //递归
            sum -= candidates[i];
            path.pop_back();
        }
    }
    vector> combinationSum(vector& candidates, int target) {
        sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());//排序
        backtracking(target, 0, candidates, 0);
        return result;
    }
};

第二题是组合总数IIhttps://leetcode.cn/problems/combination-sum-ii/，第一遍写出的代码没有将最终的result数组去重，编译不通过。第二遍写出的代码虽然进行了去重，但仍没有通过，看了卡哥的视频才发现是去重去多了，错误进行了树枝去重而不是树层去重。used去重很巧妙。

class Solution {
public:
vector> result;
vector path;
    void backtracking(int target, int sum, int startindex, vector& candidates, vector& used){
        if (sum > target) return;
        if (sum == target){
            result.push_back(path);
            return;
        }
        for(int i = startindex; i < candidates.size(); i++){
            if (i > 0 && candidates[i] == candidates[i - 1] && used[i - 1] == false) continue;
            path.push_back(candidates[i]);
            sum += candidates[i];
            used[i] = true;
            backtracking(target, sum, i + 1, candidates,used);
            path.pop_back();
            sum -= candidates[i];
            used[i] = false;
        }
    }
    vector> combinationSum2(vector& candidates, int target) {
    vector used (candidates.size(), false);
    sort(candidates.begin(), candidates.end());
    backtracking(target, 0, 0, candidates, used);
    return result;
    }
};

第三题是分割回文串https://leetcode.cn/problems/palindrome-partitioning/description/，这题确实第一次做没思路。看了卡哥讲解发现确实是一道难题，切割过程用组合方式模拟不好想，细节很多。代码还是与模板很契合的。

class Solution {
public:
vector> result;
vector path;
    bool is(string& s, int startindex, int end){//判断回文串
        for (int i = startindex, j = end; i < j; i++, j--){
            if (s[i] != s[j]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    void backtracking(string& s, int startindex){
        if (startindex >= s.size()){//终止条件即切割线位于串末尾
            result.push_back(path);
            return;
        }
        for(int i = startindex; i < s.size(); i++){
            if (is(s, startindex, i)){
                string str = s.substr(startindex, i - startindex + 1);
                path.push_back(str);
            }
            else continue;
            backtracking(s, i + 1);
            path.pop_back();
        }
    }
    vector> partition(string s) {
    backtracking(s, 0);
    return result;
    }
};

今天的题目总体难度并不大，主要还是对回溯代码思想的理解，重点在分割回文串这道题，该题细节较多，二刷时应注意。