【Docker】02 镜像管理
文章目录
- 一、Images镜像
- 二、管理操作
-
- 2.1 搜索镜像
-
- 2.1.1 命令行搜索
- 2.1.2 页面搜索
- 2.1.3 搜索条件
- 2.2 下载镜像
- 2.3 查看本地镜像
-
- 2.3.1 docker images
- 2.3.2 --help
- 2.3.3 repository name
- 2.3.4 --filter
- 2.3.5 -q
- 2.3.6 --format
- 2.4 给镜像打标签
- 2.5 推送镜像
- 2.6 删除镜像
- 2.7 导出导入镜像
- 三、镜像文件信息
-
- 3.1 镜像存储位置
- 3.2 查看镜像层文件
一、Images镜像
镜像，可理解为一个模板，Docker可根据这些Images来执行生成容器来运行，也可将容器打包成镜像。
二、管理操作
2.1 搜索镜像
2.1.1 命令行搜索
通过docker search命令来搜索相关镜像。
[root@server ~]# docker search alpine
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
alpine A minimal Docker image based on Alpine Linux… 10611 [OK]
alpinelinux/docker-cli Simple and lightweight Alpine Linux image wi… 10
alpinelinux/alpine-gitlab-ci Build Alpine Linux packages with Gitlab CI 3
alpinelinux/gitlab-runner-helper Helper image container gitlab-runner-helper … 6
alpinelinux/rsyncd 2
2.1.2 页面搜索
2.1.3 搜索条件
[root@server ~]# docker search --help
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search Docker Hub for images
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
增加搜索条件，过滤STARS大于等于3000的镜像：
[root@server ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14779 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5638 [OK]
2.2 下载镜像
直接拉取（下载）相关镜像的话，默认是最新版本：
[root@server ~]# docker pull alpine
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
661ff4d9561e: Already exists
Digest: sha256:51b67269f354137895d43f3b3d810bfacd3945438e94dc5ac55fdac340352f48
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
下载指定Tag版本：
[root@server ~]# docker pull alpine:3.10.3
3.10.3: Pulling from library/alpine
89d9c30c1d48: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c19173c5ada610a5989151111163d28a67368362762534d8a8121ce95cf2bd5a
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:3.10.3
docker.io/library/alpine:3.10.3
2.3 查看本地镜像
官方文档：docker images
2.3.1 docker images
通过docker images命令查看本地镜像：
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis alpine 20658529aaf6 8 days ago 46.1MB
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 4 years ago 5.55MB
2.3.2 --help
[root@server ~]# docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Aliases:
docker image ls, docker image list, docker images
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Format output using a custom template:
'table': Print output in table format with column headers
(default)
'table TEMPLATE': Print output in table format using the given Go
template
'json': Print in JSON format
'TEMPLATE': Print output using the given Go template.
Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/ for more information
about formatting output with templates
--no-trunc Don't truncate output 不对镜像ID做截取
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs
2.3.3 repository name
# 显示指定仓库Repository的镜像，可带Tag标签
[root@server ~]# docker images alpine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 4 years ago 5.55MB
[root@server ~]# docker images alpine:latest
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
2.3.4 --filter
# 显示未打Tag的镜像，此处是无
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter "dangling=true"
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter "dangling=false"
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
pro_omc_ops 1.0 c5f5e39dedbd 2 days ago 309MB
redis alpine 20658529aaf6 8 days ago 46.1MB
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
alpine 3.10.3 965ea09ff2eb 4 years ago 5.55MB
# 删除无Tag标签的镜像
[root@server ~]# docker rmi $(docker images --filter "dangling=true" -q)
# 显示在某个镜像创建之前的所有镜像
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter "before=alpine"
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter "before=f8c20f8bbcb6"
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
# 显示指定镜像创建时间之后的所有镜像
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter "since=hello-world"
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
# 镜像REPOSITORY的模糊查找，支持多个reference
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter reference='al*'
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter reference='hello*'
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
[root@server ~]# docker images --filter reference='hello*' --filter reference='al*'
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
2.3.5 -q
# 只显示镜像的ID
[root@server ~]# docker images -q
c5f5e39dedbd
20658529aaf6
f8c20f8bbcb6
d2c94e258dcb
965ea09ff2eb
2.3.6 --format
--format格式化的相关参数：
[root@server ~]# docker images --format "{{.ID}}: {{.Repository}}"
f8c20f8bbcb6: alpine
d2c94e258dcb: hello-world
[root@server ~]# docker images --format "table {{.ID}}:\t{{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}"
IMAGE ID: REPOSITORY TAG
f8c20f8bbcb6: alpine latest
d2c94e258dcb: hello-world latest
# 以JSON格式列出所有镜像
[root@server ~]# docker images --format json
{"Containers":"N/A","CreatedAt":"2023-12-08 09:20:49 +0800 CST","CreatedSince":"5 weeks ago","Digest":"\u003cnone\u003e","ID":"f8c20f8bbcb6","Repository":"alpine","SharedSize":"N/A","Size":"7.38MB","Tag":"latest","UniqueSize":"N/A","VirtualSize":"7.377MB"}
{"Containers":"N/A","CreatedAt":"2023-05-03 00:49:27 +0800 CST","CreatedSince":"8 months ago","Digest":"\u003cnone\u003e","ID":"d2c94e258dcb","Repository":"hello-world","SharedSize":"N/A","Size":"13.3kB","Tag":"latest","UniqueSize":"N/A","VirtualSize":"13.26kB"}
2.4 给镜像打标签
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
[root@server ~]# docker tag f8c20f8bbcb6 docker.io/alpine:2.2.2
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine 2.2.2 f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
2.5 推送镜像
[root@server ~]# docker push docker.io/asdfv1929/alpine:v7.31
The push refers to repository [docker.io/asdfv1929/alpine]
72e830a4dff5: Mounted from library/alpine
v7.31: digest: sha256:1775bebec23e1f3ce486989bfc9ff3c4e951690df84aa9f926497d82f2ffca9d size: 528
2.6 删除镜像
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine 2.2.2 f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
[root@server ~]# docker rmi alpine:2.2.2
Untagged: alpine:2.2.2
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine latest f8c20f8bbcb6 5 weeks ago 7.38MB
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
[root@server ~]# docker rmi alpine:latest
Untagged: alpine:latest
Untagged: alpine@sha256:51b67269f354137895d43f3b3d810bfacd3945438e94dc5ac55fdac340352f48
Deleted: sha256:f8c20f8bbcb684055b4fea470fdd169c86e87786940b3262335b12ec3adef418
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
# -f 强制删除
[root@server ~]# docker rmi -f d2c94e258dcb
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:ac69084025c660510933cca701f615283cdbb3aa0963188770b54c31c8962493
Deleted: sha256:d2c94e258dcb3c5ac2798d32e1249e42ef01cba4841c2234249495f87264ac5a
# 删除所有镜像
[root@server ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:4bd78111b6914a99dbc560e6a20eab57ff6655aea4a80c50b0c5491968cbc2e6
Deleted: sha256:d2c94e258dcb3c5ac2798d32e1249e42ef01cba4841c2234249495f87264ac5a
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@server ~]#
2.7 导出导入镜像
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
# 导出镜像
[root@server ~]# docker save d2c94e258dcb > hello-latest.tar
[root@server ~]# ll hello-latest.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 22016 Jan 18 20:05 hello-latest.tar
# 导入镜像
[root@server ~]# docker load -i hello-latest.tar
Loaded image ID: sha256:d2c94e258dcb3c5ac2798d32e1249e42ef01cba4841c2234249495f87264ac5a
三、镜像文件信息
3.1 镜像存储位置
[root@server ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d2c94e258dcb 8 months ago 13.3kB
# 文件的前12位即为镜像的ID
[root@server ~]# ll /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/imagedb/content/sha256/
total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root 581 Jan 18 19:59 d2c94e258dcb3c5ac2798d32e1249e42ef01cba4841c2234249495f87264ac5a
# 查看镜像文件内容
[root@server ~]# cat /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/imagedb/content/sha256/d2c94e258dcb3c5ac2798d32e1249e42ef01cba4841c2234249495f87264ac5a
{"architecture":"amd64","config":{"Env":["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd":["/hello"],"WorkingDir":"/","ArgsEscaped":true,"OnBuild":null},"created":"2023-05-02T16:49:27Z","history":[{"created":"2023-05-02T16:49:27Z","created_by":"COPY hello / # buildkit","comment":"buildkit.dockerfile.v0"},{"created":"2023-05-02T16:49:27Z","created_by":"CMD [\"/hello\"]","comment":"buildkit.dockerfile.v0","empty_layer":true}],"os":"linux","rootfs":{"type":"layers","diff_ids":["sha256:ac28800ec8bb38d5c35b49d45a6ac4777544941199075dff8c4eb63e093aa81e"]}}
3.2 查看镜像层文件
[root@server ~]# ll /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/layerdb/sha256/
total 0
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:42 03b689971beda84d64b529b31795b90dd04b8101a6cb6eb130401c3b3f789d0a
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 16 09:32 1db87e37572d9033619f854bd3a90343a745eacad89661951c45378532b3a70f
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 15:42 2199eb66405a876e223944aa9bf864899a1d7642725867cbad2f987c30a7bd4c
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 16:00 31fd5efb2e46f5ec563eeecea425110667b89cab1c91358ec2c2abad895d574f
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:43 50f5a10ada14518bde74ac2e3d496817ae963780c3465a68d42c6f2253594f29
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:42 595431852bbc71ca9610933a01959afa4f2c41509ace1bbb54b6ae9af20a4e20
drwx------. 2 root root 71 Jan 10 14:42 5af4f8f59b764c64c6def53f52ada809fe38d528441d08d01c206dfb3fc3b691
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 16 10:53 6048310efaa222cf9cf8d2bc8f3c39835d172a62320426257b08348f98f8f471
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 16:20 63342cdfc4c83913172e3ed5644b5b3168d0b8bcbbbc2b29e9cf8ad67d7f4f47
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 16:41 6e1739548915b0823ef27e8c5b4b5a38ff8dfe4cad8cbb872f5ab5755aab47f6
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 16 10:43 73e8eba6c99272151a3bc9c95c23ae4e4ee77fdadbd65dbe00976d06c01d79c8
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:43 7443e951ac7ff82bc91ebee219fe24df641bad668c4dc1eaf0998a81be2fdac8
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 15:54 7aabc2f19676e207c21ff591882b3216697cc27813d45816ca64e04b2837a6aa
drwx------. 2 root root 71 Jan 10 13:27 ac28800ec8bb38d5c35b49d45a6ac4777544941199075dff8c4eb63e093aa81e
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 16:16 bb464434e5d56949ee8f1080bdae4d2b3eeb57a1451d7c195eb1f71451926057
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:42 bd6461f4898114060f6d30c2ae3828829c31804375461d304d0baead03333a63
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:43 c51f246267806c659dc24c9c353ecd22421d44d659ffddb3ab64a4c403eb9204
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:43 d1fce9f49c0ac97ea93606fa282700fca2f0aa0cdbea829d35c4da12406e1c0c
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 17:15 ee5e48bebc436ac28496136d00ace179616ee3c35828f524629ed89718abec4b
drwx------. 2 root root 85 Jan 10 14:42 f7ff6a7ad88e8a59f027e202e5ca77fa4162d8b82ef66724daf26cbb9b5acdeb
镜像层文件夹内的结构：
size：占用大小
tar-split.json.gz：镜像层文件包
[root@server ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/layerdb/sha256/
[root@server sha256]# ll 03b689971beda84d64b529b31795b90dd04b8101a6cb6eb130401c3b3f789d0a/
total 92
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 64 Jan 10 14:42 cache-id
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 71 Jan 10 14:42 diff
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 71 Jan 10 14:42 parent
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8 Jan 10 14:42 size
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 77504 Jan 10 14:42 tar-split.json.gz
[root@server sha256]#