一、安装OpenssL
1、下载的压缩包放在根目录
wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz
2、在文件夹下解压缩,得到openssl-1.0.2j文件夹
tar -xzf openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz
3、进入解压的目录:
cd openssl-1.0.2j
4、设定Openssl 安装,( --prefix )参数为欲安装之目录,也就是安装后的档案会出现在该目录下:
./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl
5、执行命令
./config -t
6.执行make,编译Openssl
make
这里如果出现如下错误
make[1]: gcc: Command not found
上网查才发现我安装的CentOS7中没有GCC编译器
保证系统网络畅通以后,执行命令 yum -y install gcc 安装GCC
7、安装 Openssl:
make install
8、查看版本
openssl version
二、安装Python3.6.4 及解决 ssl 问题
1、安装python3.6可能使用的依赖
yum install openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel
2、到python官网找到下载路径, 用wget下载
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
3 解压tgz包
tar -xf Python-3.6.5.tgz
4 进入python目录
cd /Python-3.6.5/
5、编译,安装
5.1 提示找不到SSL模块
python安装完毕后,提示找不到ssl模块:
import _ssl # if we can't import it, let the error propagate ImportError: No module named _ssl
5.2 重新编译python(去掉最后4行的注释)
#修改Setup文件,在解压文件夹下的Modules文件夹下的Setup.dist vim Modules/Setup.dist #修改结果如下:去掉最后4行注释,得到如下的结果 # Socket module helper for socket(2) _socket socketmodule.c timemodule.c # Socket module helper for SSL support; you must comment out the other # socket line above, and possibly edit the SSL variable: SSL=/usr/local/ssl _ssl _ssl.c \ -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \ -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto
5.3 编译安装
#这里要先把目录切回到解压文件夹下
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 make make install
5.4 测试,已可正常使用
[root@localhost ~]# python Python 3.6.4 (default, May 28 2018, 23:45:10) [GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import ssl >>>
注:如需保留旧版本的就不需要执行 6 .7两部
6、重命名旧版本的python依赖
ll /usr/bin | grep python
mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7
7、删除旧的软链接,创建新的软链接到最新的python
rm -rf /usr/bin/python ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python python -V
使用yum命令报错File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30 except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
问题出现原因:
yum包管理是使用python2.x写的,将python2.x升级到python3.1.3以后,由于python版本语法兼容性导致问题出现
解决办法:
修改yum配置文件,将python版本指向以前的旧版本
# vi /usr/bin/yum #!/usr/bin/python2.7
修改urlgrabber-ext-down文件,更改python版本
# vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down #!/usr/bin/python2.7
添加环境变量
vim ~/.bash_profile
添加下面这条参数
export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH
保存
source ~/.bash_profile
执行脚本如下:
vim install_python.sh
#!/bin/bash echo "正在安装相关组件" yum install -y openssl-devel bzip2-devel expat-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel sqlite-devel gcc-c++ gcc openssl-devel echo "下载安装包" wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz echo "正在解压安装包" tar -xf Python-3.6.5.tgz -C /root/ && cd /root/Python-3.6.5/ echo "添加ssl支持" cat >> /root/Python-3.6.5/Modules/Setup.dist <<"EOF" _socket socketmodule.c SSL=/usr/local/ssl _ssl _ssl.c \ -DUSE_SSL -I$(SSL)/include -I$(SSL)/include/openssl \ -L$(SSL)/lib -lssl -lcrypto EOF echo "正在编译安装Python" ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python && make && make install cd /root echo "删除安装包" rm -rf /root/Python-3.6.5.tgz && rm -rf /root/Python-3.6.5 echo "正在添加环境变量" echo "export PATH=/usr/local/python/bin:$PATH">> ~/.bash_profile source ~/.bash_profile echo "安装完成,请执行python3进行测试"
参考文章:https://blog.csdn.net/ikownyou/article/details/53021686
http://blog.51cto.com/13160495/2093863
https://www.cnblogs.com/mlgjb/p/7976561.html