打包导入pyzbar的脚本时的注意事项
目录
- 前言
- 问题
-
- 问题的出现
- 解决
- 总结
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前言
上次用python写了个二维码扫描器（哈哈顺便推销一下：制作二维码扫描器），核心功能使用了pyzbar来实现，用于扫描二维码。但是很不幸，在打包的时候出现了一些状况。
问题
问题的出现
正常来说，如果我们要用pyinstaller以单文件模式打包一个文件，那么肯定是运行pyinstaller -F --hidden-import 之类的命令。这回也不例外，我运行了：
pyinstaller -F -w --hidden-import PIL --hidden-import tkinter --hidden-import pyperclip --hidden-import pyzbar -i icon.ico --add-data=icon_clear.ico:. QRCodeReader.py
可是当我双击运行打包好的exe时，却弹出了错误提示：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 53, in __init__
File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 374, in __init__
FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'libiconv.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax.
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 58, in load
File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 50, in load_objects
File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 51, in
File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 452, in LoadLibrary
File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 55, in __init__
pyimod03_ctypes.install..PyInstallerImportError: Failed to load dynlib/dll 'libiconv.dll'. Most likely this dynlib/dll was not found when the application was frozen.
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 53, in __init__
File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 374, in __init__
FileNotFoundError: Could not find module 'C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\_MEI204842\pyzbar\libiconv.dll' (or one of its dependencies). Try using the full path with constructor syntax.
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "QRCodeReader.py", line 7, in
File "", line 1007, in _find_and_load
File "", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "", line 680, in _load_unlocked
File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 419, in exec_module
File "pyzbar\pyzbar.py", line 7, in
File "", line 1007, in _find_and_load
File "", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "", line 680, in _load_unlocked
File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 419, in exec_module
File "pyzbar\wrapper.py", line 151, in
File "pyzbar\wrapper.py", line 148, in zbar_function
File "pyzbar\wrapper.py", line 127, in load_libzbar
File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 60, in load
File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 50, in load_objects
File "pyzbar\zbar_library.py", line 51, in
File "ctypes\__init__.py", line 452, in LoadLibrary
File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_ctypes.py", line 55, in __init__
pyimod03_ctypes.install..PyInstallerImportError: Failed to load dynlib/dll 'C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\_MEI204842\\pyzbar\\libiconv.dll'. Most likely this dynlib/dll was not found when the application was frozen.
[3252] Failed to execute script 'QRCodeReader' due to unhandled exception!
大概意思是无法加载pyzbar/libiconv.dll。什么叫无法加载？我用pyinstxtract.py将刚才打包好的exe拆了开来，结果发现里面根本就没有pyzbar这个文件夹，更别提libiconv.dll了。
此时我脑残似的从网上随便找了一个libiconv.dll下载，然后打包进去。可依然没用。
解决
再仔细观察抛出的异常，里面有这么一句话：
Could not find module ‘libiconv.dll’ (or one of its dependencies).
这下懂了：无法加载libiconv.dll可能是因为没有libiconv.dll，也可能是因为缺少libiconv.dll的依赖项而导致的。
此时终于恍然大悟：既然libiconv.dll并没有缺失（刚才不是打包进去了嘛），那很可能是因为缺少依赖导致。终于，我在C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages\pyzbar下找到了另外一个dll文件：libzbar-64.dll。将这个dll文件也打包进去，终于没问题了！
所以，最终那个程序的打包命令是：
pyinstaller -F -w --hidden-import PIL --hidden-import tkinter --hidden-import pyperclip --hidden-import pyzbar -i icon.ico --add-data=icon_clear.ico:. --add-data=libiconv.dll:./pyzbar/ --add-data=libzbar-64.dll:./pyzbar/ QRCodeReader.py
大家也可以参考一下。
总结
所以如果想用pyinstaller打包和pyzbar有关的脚本，请提前将C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Lib\site-packages\pyzbar文件夹下的libiconv.dll和 libzbar-64.dll复制到工作目录下，并在打包命令中添加--add-data=libzbar-64.dll:./pyzbar/ --add-data=libiconv.dll:./pyzbar/两个参数。