(一)block 捕获变量类型
为了保证block内部能够正确访问外部的变量,block有一个变量捕获机制
(1)变量捕获为auto
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
int age = 10;//auto 变量
void(^block2)(int,int) = ^(int a,int b){
NSLog(@"this is a block == %d" , age);
};
block2(20,30);
}
return 0;
}
转为C++代码(只截取重要部分):
//block底层结构
struct __main_block_impl_1 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __main_block_desc_1* Desc;
int age; //捕获age的值
__main_block_impl_1(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_1 *desc, int _age, int flags=0) : age(_age) {
impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
impl.Flags = flags;
impl.FuncPtr = fp;
Desc = desc;
}
};
static void __main_block_func_1(struct __main_block_impl_1 *__cself, int a, int b) {
int age = __cself->age; // bound by copy
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_f9__q8q2xr131vf4h1cy7837sm00000gn_T_main_142399_mi_1 , age);
}
(2)变量捕获为static
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
static int age = 10;//static 局部变量
void(^block2)(int,int) = ^(int a,int b){
NSLog(@"this is a block == %d" , age);
};
block2(20,30);
}
return 0;
}
转为C++代码(只截取重要部分):
struct __main_block_impl_1 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __main_block_desc_1* Desc;
int *age; //捕获age的地址
__main_block_impl_1(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_1 *desc, int *_age, int flags=0) : age(_age) {
impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
impl.Flags = flags;
impl.FuncPtr = fp;
Desc = desc;
}
};
static void __main_block_func_1(struct __main_block_impl_1 *__cself, int a, int b) {
int *age = __cself->age; // bound by copy
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_f9__q8q2xr131vf4h1cy7837sm00000gn_T_main_b17032_mi_1 , (*age));
}
(3)变量捕获为static
int age = 10;//全局变量
static int height = 10;//静态全局变量
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
void(^block)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"hello,world!");
};
block();
void(^block2)(int,int) = ^(int a,int b){
NSLog(@"this is a block a == %d height == %d" , age, height);
};
block2(20,30);
}
return 0;
}
转为C++代码(只截取重要部分):
int age = 10;
static int height = 10;
struct __main_block_impl_0 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __main_block_desc_0* Desc;
//并没有捕获变量
__main_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __main_block_desc_0 *desc, int flags=0) {
impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
impl.Flags = flags;
impl.FuncPtr = fp;
Desc = desc;
}
};
static void __main_block_func_0(struct __main_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_f9__q8q2xr131vf4h1cy7837sm00000gn_T_main_3a42c5_mi_0);
}
通过上面的3种不同变量进行block内部访问的时候:(从正确的访问值的角度来看)
- auto变量会随着函数的生命周期结束,为了保证正确访问,所以会捕获其值
- static局部变量,会长期保存,但是无法直接访问,所以需要捕获变量的地址
- 全局变量可以直接访问,所以不需要捕获
疑问(1):如果是对象方法内部调用block,block内部访问self,会捕获吗?
struct __ZQPerson__test_block_impl_0 {
struct __block_impl impl;
struct __ZQPerson__test_block_desc_0* Desc;
ZQPerson *self;//self被捕获
__ZQPerson__test_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __ZQPerson__test_block_desc_0 *desc, ZQPerson *_self, int flags=0) : self(_self) {
impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock;
impl.Flags = flags;
impl.FuncPtr = fp;
Desc = desc;
}
};
static void __ZQPerson__test_block_func_0(struct __ZQPerson__test_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
ZQPerson *self = __cself->self; // bound by copy
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_f9__q8q2xr131vf4h1cy7837sm00000gn_T_ZQPerson_b92927_mi_0,self);
}
疑问(2):如果是对象方法内部调用block,block内部访问成员变量,会捕获什么呢?
static void __ZQPerson__test_block_func_0(struct __ZQPerson__test_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
ZQPerson *self = __cself->self; // bound by copy
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_f9__q8q2xr131vf4h1cy7837sm00000gn_T_ZQPerson_2c7733_mi_0,(*(NSInteger *)((char *)self + OBJC_IVAR_$_ZQPerson$_age)));
}//从self的IVAR列表中找到对应的成员变量
疑问(2):如果是对象方法内部调用block,block内部使用点语法,会捕获什么呢?
static void __ZQPerson__test_block_func_0(struct __ZQPerson__test_block_impl_0 *__cself) {
ZQPerson *self = __cself->self; // bound by copy
NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_f9__q8q2xr131vf4h1cy7837sm00000gn_T_ZQPerson_1c2f87_mi_0,((NSInteger (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)self, sel_registerName("age")));//给捕获的self发送一条消息 调用age方法
}
OC对象所有的方法,其实内部传递了两个参数,self和_cmd(方法调用者和方法名),所以这里捕获的self就是局部变量
(二)block 类型
我们在上一章可以知道block是一个OC对象,继承自NSObject
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
void(^block1)(void) = ^{
NSLog(@"hello,world");
};
block1();
int age = 10;
void(^block2)(int,int) = ^(int a,int b){
NSLog(@"this is a block a == %d" , age);
};
block2(20,30);
NSLog(@"%@ %@ %@",[block1 class],[block2 class],[^{
NSLog(@"%d",age);
} class]);
}
return 0;
}
输出结果:
__NSGlobalBlock__ __NSMallocBlock__ __NSStackBlock__
可以知道block一共有3种类型:__NSGlobalBlock__
、__NSMallocBlock__
、__NSStackBlock__
,但是我们在转化为C++代码后发现,3中block的impl.isa均为_NSConcreteStackBlock
,是为什么呢?
(1)block的3种类型
block有3种类型,可以通过调用class方法或者isa指针查看具体类型,最终都是继承自NSBlock类型
- NSGlobalBlock ( _NSConcreteGlobalBlock )
- NSStackBlock ( _NSConcreteStackBlock )
- NSMallocBlock ( _NSConcreteMallocBlock )
那么三种block是如何定义的呢?
没有访问auto变量的NSGlobalBlock实际使用场景意义不大,所以不再深入研究。我们首先需要关闭ARC,因为ARC实际为开发者做了很多事情,无法研究其本质
ARC -> MRC (Build Setting -> automatic reference Counting 设置为NO)
当前环境为MRC的情况下,上面的代码输出结果为:
__NSGlobalBlock__ __NSStackBlock__ __NSStackBlock__
因此,由此可见,访问了auto变量的block即为NSStackBlock
NSStackBlock存在什么问题呢?或者说在ARC环境下,为什么有些stackBlock会变成mallocBlock呢?
void (^block2)(void);
void test(){
int age = 10;
block2 = ^{
NSLog(@"age is %d",age);//输出结果:age is -272632600
};
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
int age = 10;
void(^block1)(int,int) = ^(int a,int b){
NSLog(@"this is a block a == %d" , age);
};
block1(20,30);
test();
block2();
}
return 0;
}
在上面的代码(MRC环境下),block2随着函数调用完毕,block2的内存即被释放,因此访问age即为垃圾数据。因此我们将block2进行copy操作,block2就成为NSMallocBlock
void (^block2)(void);
void test(){
int age = 10;
block2 = [^{
NSLog(@"age is %d",age);//输出结果:age is 10
} copy];
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
int age = 10;
void(^block1)(int,int) = ^(int a,int b){
NSLog(@"this is a block a == %d" , age);
};
block1(20,30);
test();
block2();
}
return 0;
}
疑问(1)如果对globalBlock、mallocBlock进行copy操作,又会是什么效果呢?
ARC环境下,系统会根据自动将部分stackblock进行copy操作