VTK 三维场景的基本要素(相机) vtkCamera 相机的运动
相机的运动
当物体在处于静止位置时，相机可以在物体周围移动，摄取不同角度的图像
移动
移动分为相机的移动，和相机焦点的移动；移动改变了相机相对焦点的位置，离焦点更近或者更远；这样就会改变被渲染的物体在视野中的部分；
相机的移动可以有水平上的移动，垂直方向的移动，前后的移动；
vtkCamera::Dolly(double value);
将相机与焦点的距离除以给定的推拉值。使用大于1的值向焦点推拉，
使用小于1的值远离焦点推拉。（缩放）旋转
相机的旋转：是相机在以焦点为中心的圆球面上移动，因为相机可以水平旋转和垂直旋转；水平旋转就是在相机围绕球心过朝上方向这个轴旋转，也可以说是在球面上的维度进行旋转，但相机的镜头始终指向焦点；水平旋转就是在相机绕球面上的经线向上或者向下旋转；
围绕投影方向旋转相机。这将使摄影机绕其轴旋转：
vtkCamera::Roll(double angle);
围绕以焦点为中心的视图向上矢量旋转相机
请注意，视图向上矢量是通过SetViewUp设置的，不一定垂直于投影方向。结果是相机的水平旋转（纬度）
vtkCamera::Azimuth(double angle);
使用焦点作为旋转中心，围绕投影方向的负值与视图向上向量的叉积旋转相机。结果是场景的垂直旋转（经度）
vtkCamera::Elevation(double angle);
使用相机的位置作为旋转中心，围绕视图向上矢量旋转焦点
请注意，视图向上矢量是通过SetViewUp设置的，不一定垂直于投影方向。结果是场景的水平旋转（纬度）。
vtkCamera::Yaw(double angle);
使用相机的位置作为旋转中心，围绕视图向上矢量和投影方向的叉积旋转焦点。
结果是摄影机垂直旋转（经度）。
vtkCamera::Pitch(double angle);
缩放：
vtkCamera::Zoom(double factor);
在透视模式下，将视角减小指定的因子。在平行模式下，将平行比例减小指定的因子。
值大于1表示放大，
值小于1表示缩小@注意：当UseExplicitProjectionTransformMatrix为true时，
将忽略此设置。 重置相机参数 ：
void ResetCamera();视频：
相机的旋转：
视频代码：
注意这个只有初始时，旋转是对的；一但旋转后，再旋转可能是错的；
#pragma once
//#include "vtk_include.h"
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using namespace std;
class Normal3DCameraStyle : public vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera
{
public:
static Normal3DCameraStyle* New();
vtkTypeMacro(Normal3DCameraStyle, vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera);
//virtual void OnLeftButtonDown(void);
//virtual void OnLeftButtonUp(void);
//virtual void OnRightButtonDown(void);
//virtual void OnRightButtonUp(void);
//virtual void OnMiddleButtonDown(void);
//virtual void OnMiddleButtonUp(void);
//virtual void OnMouseWheelForward(void);
//virtual void OnMouseWheelBackward(void);
//virtual void OnMouseMove(void);
// /**
//* OnChar is triggered when an ASCII key is pressed. Some basic key presses
//* are handled here ('q' for Quit, 'p' for Pick, etc)
//*/
//virtual void OnChar();
OnKeyDown is triggered by pressing any key (identical to OnKeyPress()).
An empty implementation is provided. The behavior of this function should
be specified in the subclass.
//virtual void OnKeyDown();
OnKeyUp is triggered by releaseing any key (identical to OnKeyRelease()).
An empty implementation is provided. The behavior of this function should
be specified in the subclass.
//virtual void OnKeyUp();
OnKeyPress is triggered by pressing any key (identical to OnKeyDown()).
An empty implementation is provided. The behavior of this function should
be specified in the subclass.
//virtual void OnKeyPress();
OnKeyRelease is triggered by pressing any key (identical to OnKeyUp()).
An empty implementation is provided. The behavior of this function should
be specified in the subclass.
//virtual void OnKeyRelease();
void OnKeyPress()
{
switch (this->Interactor->GetKeyCode())
{
case 'a':
case 'A':
cout << "A " << endl;
m_Camera->Azimuth(1);
break;
case 'b':
case 'B':
m_Camera->Roll(1);
cout << "b " << endl;
break;
case 'v':
case 'V':
m_Camera->Elevation(1);
cout << "v " << endl;
break;
}
m_RenderWindows->Render();
}
public:
vtkCamera * m_Camera;
vtkRenderWindow* m_RenderWindows;
};
vtkStandardNewMacro(Normal3DCameraStyle);//必须加！！！！
void main()
{
vtkNew colors;
// Set the colors.
std::array azArrowColor{ {255, 77, 77} };
colors->SetColor("AzimuthArrowColor", azArrowColor.data());
std::array elevArrowColor{ {77, 255, 77} };
colors->SetColor("ElevationArrowColor", elevArrowColor.data());
std::array rollArrowColor{ {255, 255, 77} };
colors->SetColor("RollArrowColor", rollArrowColor.data());
std::array spikeColor{ {255, 77, 255} };
colors->SetColor("SpikeColor", spikeColor.data());
// Set the background color.
std::array bkg{ {26, 51, 102} };
colors->SetColor("BkgColor", bkg.data());
// Create the RenderWindow, Renderer and both Actors
vtkNew ren1;
vtkNew renWin;
renWin->AddRenderer(ren1);
vtkNew iren;
iren->SetRenderWindow(renWin);
// create a camera model
vtkNew camCS;
camCS->SetHeight(1.5);
camCS->SetResolution(12);
camCS->SetRadius(0.4);
vtkNew camCBS;
camCBS->SetXLength(1.5);
camCBS->SetZLength(0.8);
camCBS->SetCenter(0.4, 0, 0);
vtkNew camAPD;
camAPD->AddInputConnection(camCS->GetOutputPort());
camAPD->AddInputConnection(camCBS->GetOutputPort());
vtkNew camMapper;
camMapper->SetInputConnection(camAPD->GetOutputPort());
vtkNew camActor;
camActor->SetMapper(camMapper);
camActor->SetScale(2, 2, 2);
// draw the arrows
vtkNew pd;
vtkNew ca;
vtkNew fp;
fp->InsertNextPoint(0, 1, 0);
fp->InsertNextPoint(8, 1, 0);
fp->InsertNextPoint(8, 2, 0);
fp->InsertNextPoint(10, 0.01, 0);
fp->InsertNextPoint(8, -2, 0);
fp->InsertNextPoint(8, -1, 0);
fp->InsertNextPoint(0, -1, 0);
ca->InsertNextCell(7);
ca->InsertCellPoint(0);
ca->InsertCellPoint(1);
ca->InsertCellPoint(2);
ca->InsertCellPoint(3);
ca->InsertCellPoint(4);
ca->InsertCellPoint(5);
ca->InsertCellPoint(6);
pd->SetPoints(fp);
pd->SetPolys(ca);
vtkNew pd2;
vtkNew ca2;
vtkNew fp2;
fp2->InsertNextPoint(0, 1, 0);
fp2->InsertNextPoint(8, 1, 0);
fp2->InsertNextPoint(8, 2, 0);
fp2->InsertNextPoint(10, 0.01, 0);
ca2->InsertNextCell(4);
ca2->InsertCellPoint(0);
ca2->InsertCellPoint(1);
ca2->InsertCellPoint(2);
ca2->InsertCellPoint(3);
pd2->SetPoints(fp2);
pd2->SetLines(ca2);
vtkNew arrowIM;
arrowIM->SetInputData(pd);
arrowIM->SetSampleDimensions(50, 20, 8);
vtkNew arrowCF;
arrowCF->SetInputConnection(arrowIM->GetOutputPort());
arrowCF->SetValue(0, 0.2);
vtkNew arrowWT;
arrowWT->SetInputConnection(arrowCF->GetOutputPort());
arrowWT->SetPosition(5, 0, 5);
arrowWT->SetScaleFactor(0.85);
arrowWT->AbsoluteOn();
vtkNew arrowT;
arrowT->RotateY(60);
arrowT->Translate(-1.33198, 0, -1.479);
arrowT->Scale(1, 0.5, 1);
vtkNew arrowTF;
arrowTF->SetInputConnection(arrowWT->GetOutputPort());
arrowTF->SetTransform(arrowT);
vtkNew arrowMapper;
arrowMapper->SetInputConnection(arrowTF->GetOutputPort());
arrowMapper->ScalarVisibilityOff();
// draw the azimuth arrows
vtkNew a1Actor;
a1Actor->SetMapper(arrowMapper);
a1Actor->RotateZ(180);
a1Actor->SetPosition(1, 0, -1);
a1Actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor3d("AzimuthArrowColor").GetData());
a1Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularColor(colors->GetColor3d("White").GetData());
a1Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecular(0.3);
a1Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularPower(20);
a1Actor->GetProperty()->SetAmbient(0.2);
a1Actor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuse(0.8);
vtkNew a2Actor;
a2Actor->SetMapper(arrowMapper);
a2Actor->RotateZ(180);
a2Actor->RotateX(180);
a2Actor->SetPosition(1, 0, 1);
a2Actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor3d("AzimuthArrowColor").GetData());
a2Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularColor(colors->GetColor3d("White").GetData());
a2Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecular(0.3);
a2Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularPower(20);
a2Actor->GetProperty()->SetAmbient(0.2);
a2Actor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuse(0.8);
// draw the elevation arrows
vtkNew a3Actor;
a3Actor->SetMapper(arrowMapper);
a3Actor->RotateZ(180);
a3Actor->RotateX(90);
a3Actor->SetPosition(1, -1, 0);
a3Actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor3d("ElevationArrowColor").GetData());
a3Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularColor(colors->GetColor3d("White").GetData());
a3Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecular(0.3);
a3Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularPower(20);
a3Actor->GetProperty()->SetAmbient(0.2);
a3Actor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuse(0.8);
vtkNew a4Actor;
a4Actor->SetMapper(arrowMapper);
a4Actor->RotateZ(180);
a4Actor->RotateX(-90);
a4Actor->SetPosition(1, 1, 0);
a4Actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor3d("ElevationArrowColor").GetData());
a4Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularColor(colors->GetColor3d("White").GetData());
a4Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecular(0.3);
a4Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularPower(20);
a4Actor->GetProperty()->SetAmbient(0.2);
a4Actor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuse(0.8);
// draw the DOP
vtkNew arrowT2;
arrowT2->Scale(1, 0.6, 1);
arrowT2->RotateY(90);
vtkNew arrowTF2;
arrowTF2->SetInputData(pd2);
arrowTF2->SetTransform(arrowT2);
vtkNew arrowREF;
arrowREF->SetInputConnection(arrowTF2->GetOutputPort());
arrowREF->CappingOff();
arrowREF->SetResolution(30);
vtkNew spikeMapper;
spikeMapper->SetInputConnection(arrowREF->GetOutputPort());
vtkNew a5Actor;
a5Actor->SetMapper(spikeMapper);
a5Actor->SetScale(.3, .3, .6);
a5Actor->RotateY(90);
a5Actor->SetPosition(-2, 0, 0);
a5Actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor3d("SpikeColor").GetData());
a5Actor->GetProperty()->SetAmbient(0.2);
a5Actor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuse(0.8);
// focal point
vtkNew fps;
fps->SetRadius(0.5);
vtkNew fpMapper;
fpMapper->SetInputConnection(fps->GetOutputPort());
vtkNew fpActor;
fpActor->SetMapper(fpMapper);
fpActor->SetPosition(-9, 0, 0);
fpActor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularColor(colors->GetColor3d("White").GetData());
fpActor->GetProperty()->SetSpecular(0.3);
fpActor->GetProperty()->SetAmbient(0.2);
fpActor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuse(0.8);
fpActor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularPower(20);
// create the roll arrows
vtkNew arrowWT2;
arrowWT2->SetInputConnection(arrowCF->GetOutputPort());
arrowWT2->SetPosition(5, 0, 2.5);
arrowWT2->SetScaleFactor(0.95);
arrowWT2->AbsoluteOn();
vtkNew arrowT3;
arrowT3->Translate(-2.50358, 0, -1.70408);
arrowT3->Scale(0.5, 0.3, 1);
vtkNew arrowTF3;
arrowTF3->SetInputConnection(arrowWT2->GetOutputPort());
arrowTF3->SetTransform(arrowT3);
vtkNew arrowMapper2;
arrowMapper2->SetInputConnection(arrowTF3->GetOutputPort());
arrowMapper2->ScalarVisibilityOff();
// draw the roll arrows
vtkNew a6Actor;
a6Actor->SetMapper(arrowMapper2);
a6Actor->RotateZ(90);
a6Actor->SetPosition(-4, 0, 0);
a6Actor->SetScale(1.5, 1.5, 1.5);
a6Actor->GetProperty()->SetColor(colors->GetColor3d("RollArrowColor").GetData());
a6Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularColor(colors->GetColor3d("White").GetData());
a6Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecular(0.3);
a6Actor->GetProperty()->SetSpecularPower(20);
a6Actor->GetProperty()->SetAmbient(0.2);
a6Actor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuse(0.8);
// Add the actors to the renderer, set the background and size
ren1->AddActor(camActor);
ren1->AddActor(a1Actor);
ren1->AddActor(a2Actor);
ren1->AddActor(a3Actor);
ren1->AddActor(a4Actor);
ren1->AddActor(a5Actor);
ren1->AddActor(a6Actor);
ren1->AddActor(fpActor);
ren1->SetBackground(colors->GetColor3d("BkgColor").GetData());
ren1->SetBackground(colors->GetColor3d("SlateGray").GetData());
renWin->SetSize(640, 480);
renWin->SetWindowName("CameraModel1");
// render the image
vtkCamera* cam1 = (ren1->GetActiveCamera());
ren1->ResetCamera();
cam1->Azimuth(150);
cam1->Elevation(30);
cam1->Dolly(1.5);
ren1->ResetCameraClippingRange();
// Create a TextActor for azimuth (a1 and a2 actor's color)
vtkNew text;
text->SetInput("Azimuth");
vtkTextProperty* tprop = text->GetTextProperty();
tprop->SetFontFamilyToArial();
tprop->ShadowOff();
tprop->SetLineSpacing(1.0);
tprop->SetFontSize(36);
tprop->SetColor(a1Actor->GetProperty()->GetColor());
text->SetDisplayPosition(20, 50);
ren1->AddActor2D(text);
// Create a TextActor for elevation (a3 and a4 actor's color)
vtkNew text2;
text2->SetInput("Elevation");
tprop = text2->GetTextProperty();
tprop->SetFontFamilyToArial();
tprop->ShadowOff();
tprop->SetLineSpacing(1.0);
tprop->SetFontSize(36);
tprop->SetColor(a3Actor->GetProperty()->GetColor());
text2->SetDisplayPosition(20, 100);
ren1->AddActor2D(text2);
// Create a TextActor for roll (a6 actor's color)
vtkNew text3;
text3->SetInput("Roll");
tprop = text3->GetTextProperty();
tprop->SetFontFamilyToArial();
tprop->ShadowOff();
tprop->SetLineSpacing(1.0);
tprop->SetFontSize(36);
tprop->SetColor(a6Actor->GetProperty()->GetColor());
text3->SetDisplayPosition(20, 150);
ren1->AddActor2D(text3);
vtkNew style;
cam1->SetFocalPoint(fpActor->GetPosition());
cam1->SetPosition(camActor->GetPosition());
style->m_Camera = cam1;
style->m_RenderWindows = renWin;
iren->SetInteractorStyle(style);
renWin->Render();
iren->Initialize();
iren->Start();
}