网站架构演变、LNP+Mariadb数据库分离、Web服务器集群、Keepalived高可用

目录

day02

深入理解程序的数据存储

验证

配置NFS服务器

配置代理服务器

配置名称解析

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day02

深入理解程序的数据存储

• 程序将文字数据保存到数据库中
• 程序将非文字数据（如图片、视频、压缩包等）保存到相应的文件目录中

验证

• 发一篇文章，文章内容包含文字和图片
• 在数据库中查看文字数据。在最新的一条记录中，可以查看到图片的保存位置

[root@database ~]# mysql

mysql> use wordpress;

mysql> select * from wp_posts\G

• 在文件系统中查看图片文件。/usr/share/nginx/html/wp-content/uploads/是固定位置，其后的2023/01是年和月目录。每个月上传的图片，都会保存到相应的月份目录。

[root@web1 html]# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/

snow.jpg

配置NFS服务器

• 准备环境

虚拟机ip与名称：nfs 192.168.88.31

• 配置ansible环境

[root@pubserver project01]# vim inventory 

[webservers]

web1 ansible_host=192.168.88.11

web2 ansible_host=192.168.88.12

web3 ansible_host=192.168.88.13


[dbs]

database ansible_host=192.168.88.21


[storages]

nfs ansible_host=192.168.88.31

   

[all:vars]

ansible_ssh_user=root

ansible_ssh_pass=a

• 配置nfs服务

# 1. 配置yum

[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 01-upload-repo.yml 


# 2. 配置nfs服务

[root@pubserver project01]# vim 08-config-nfs.yml

---

- name: config nfs

  hosts: nfs

  tasks:

    - name: install nfs        # 安装nfs

      yum:

        name: nfs-utils

        state: present


    - name: mkdir /nfs_root    # 创建共享目录

      file:

        path: /nfs_root

        state: directory

        mode: "0755"


    - name: nfs share          # 修改配置文件

      lineinfile:

        path: /etc/exports

        line: '/nfs_root 192.168.88.0/24(rw)'


    - name: start service      # 循环启动服务

      service:

        name: "{{item}}"

        state: started

        enabled: yes

      loop:

        - rpcbind       # nfs服务依赖rpcbind服务

        - nfs-server


[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 08-config-nfs.yml


# 3. 查看共享输出

[root@nfs ~]# showmount -e

Export list for nfs:

/nfs_root 192.168.88.0/24

• 迁移文件至nfs共享

# 1. 重新下载web1的html目录

[root@pubserver project01]# cp 06-fetch-web1.yml 09-fetch-web1.yml

---

- name: copy web

  hosts: web1

  tasks:

    - name: compress html        # 压缩html目录到/root下

      archive:

        path: /usr/share/nginx/html

        dest: /root/html2.tar.gz

        format: gz


    - name: download html

      fetch:

        src: /root/html2.tar.gz  # 下载压缩文件

        dest: files/

        flat: yes


[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 09-fetch-web1.yml 


# 2. 释放压缩包到nfs服务器

[root@pubserver project01]# cp 07-deploy-web23.yml 10-deploy-nfs.yml

[root@pubserver project01]# vim 10-deploy-nfs.yml 

---

- name: deploy nfs

  hosts: nfs

  tasks:

    - name: unarchive to web     # 将控制端压缩文件解压到指定位置

      unarchive:

        src: files/html2.tar.gz

        dest: /nfs_root/


[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 10-deploy-nfs.yml 


# 3. 清除web服务器的html目录

[root@pubserver project01]# vim 11-rm-html.yml

---

- name: rm html

  hosts: webservers

  tasks:

    - name: rm html

      file:

        path: /usr/share/nginx/html

        state: absent

        

    - name: create html

      file:

        path: /usr/share/nginx/html

        state: directory

        owner: apache

        group: apache

        mode: "0755"


[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 11-rm-html.yml


# 4. 挂载nfs到web服务器

[root@pubserver project01]# vim 12-mount-nfs.yml

---

- name: mount nfs

  hosts: webservers

  tasks:

    - name: install nfs

      yum:

        name: nfs-utils

        state: present

        

    - name: mount nfs

      mount:

        path: /usr/share/nginx/html

        src: 192.168.88.31:/nfs_root/html

        fstype: nfs

        state: mounted


[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 12-mount-nfs.yml

配置代理服务器

• 准备环境

虚拟机ip与名称：haproxy1 192.168.88.5   haproxy2 192.168.88.6

• 配置ansible环境

[root@pubserver project01]# vim inventory 

[webservers]

web1 ansible_host=192.168.88.11

web2 ansible_host=192.168.88.12

web3 ansible_host=192.168.88.13


[dbs]

database ansible_host=192.168.88.21


[storages]

nfs ansible_host=192.168.88.31


[lb]

haproxy1 ansible_host=192.168.88.5

haproxy2 ansible_host=192.168.88.6


[all:vars]

ansible_ssh_user=root

ansible_ssh_pass=a

• 配置高可用、负载均衡功能

# 1. 配置yum

[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 01-upload-repo.yml 


# 2. 配置调度服务器

[root@pubserver project01]# vim 13-install-lb.yml 

---

- name: install lb

  hosts: lb

  tasks:

    - name: install pkg

      yum:

        name: haproxy,keepalived

        state: present


[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 13-install-lb.yml 


# 3. 修改配置文件并启动服务

[root@pubserver project01]# vim 14-config-lb.yml

---

- name: config haproxy

  hosts: lb

  tasks:

    - name: rm lines

      shell: sed -i '64,$d' /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg


    - name: add lines

      blockinfile:

        path: /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

        block: |

          listen wordpress

              bind 0.0.0.0:80

              balance roundrobin

              server web1 192.168.88.11:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5

              server web2 192.168.88.12:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5

              server web3 192.168.88.13:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5


          listen mon

            bind 0.0.0.0:1080

            stats refresh 30s

            stats uri /mon

            stats auth admin:admin


    - name: start service

      service:

        name: haproxy

        state: started

        enabled: yes


[root@pubserver project01]# ansible-playbook 14-config-lb.yml


# 4. haproxy1配置keepalived，实现高可用集群

[root@haproxy1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

...略...

 12    router_id haproxy1   # 为本机取一个唯一的id

 13    vrrp_iptables        # 自动开启iptables放行规则

...略...

 20 vrrp_instance VI_1 {

 21     state MASTER        # 主服务器状态是MASTER

 22     interface eth0

 23     virtual_router_id 51

 24     priority 100

 25     advert_int 1

 26     authentication {

 27         auth_type PASS

 28         auth_pass 1111

 29     }

 30     virtual_ipaddress {

 31         192.168.88.80       # vip地址

 32     }

 33 }

# 以下全部删除


# 5. haproxy2配置keepalived

[root@haproxy1 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 192.168.88.6:/etc/keepalived/

[root@haproxy2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 

...略...

 12    router_id haproxy2   # 为本机取一个唯一的id

 13    vrrp_iptables        # 自动开启iptables放行规则

...略...

 20 vrrp_instance VI_1 {

 21     state BACKUP        # 备份服务器状态是BACKUP

 22     interface eth0

 23     virtual_router_id 51

 24     priority 80         # 备份服务器优先级低于主服务器

 25     advert_int 1

 26     authentication {

 27         auth_type PASS

 28         auth_pass 1111

 29     }

 30     virtual_ipaddress {

 31         192.168.88.80

 32     }

 33 }

 

# 6. 启动服务

[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service --now

[root@haproxy2 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service --now


# 7. 验证。haproxy1上出现VIP。客户端访问http://192.168.88.80即可

[root@haproxy1 ~]# ip a s | grep 192

    inet 192.168.88.5/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0

    inet 192.168.88.80/32 scope global eth0

配置名称解析

• 通过本机hosts文件实现名称解析

[root@myhost ~]# echo "192.168.88.80 www.danei.com" >> /etc/hosts

• 如果客户端是windows主机，则使用记事本程序打开C:\windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts添加名称解析
• 当点击http://www.danei.com页面中任意链接时，地址栏上的地址，都会变成192.168.88.11。通过以下方式修复它：

# 在nfs服务器上修改配置文件

[root@nfs ~]# vim /nfs_root/html/wp-config.php 

# define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress')它的上方添加以下两行：

define('WP_SITEURL', 'http://www.danei.com');

define('WP_HOME', 'http://www.danei.com');