JAVA实现AES加密

1. 因子

       上次介绍了 《JAVA实现DES加密》，中间提到近些年DES使用越来越少，原因就在于其使用56位密钥，比较容易被破解，近些年来逐渐被AES替代，AES已经变成目前对称加密中最流行算法之一；AES可以使用128、192、和256位密钥，并且用128位分组加密和解密数据。本文就简单介绍如何通过JAVA实现AES加密。

2. JAVA实现

闲话少许，掠过AES加密原理及算法，关于这些直接搜索专业网站吧，我们直接看JAVA的具体实现。

2.1 加密

代码有详细解释，不多废话。

/**
 * 加密
 *
 * @param content 需要加密的内容
 * @param password  加密密码
 * @return
 */
public static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) {
        try {
                KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
                kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes()));
                SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
                byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
                SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
                Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器
                byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8");
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
                byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);
                return result; // 加密
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
}

/** * 加密 * * @param content 需要加密的内容 * @param password 加密密码 * @return */ public static byte[] encrypt(String content, String password) { try { KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes())); SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey(); byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded(); SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器 byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化 byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent); return result; // 加密 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }

2.2 解密

代码有详细注释，不多废话

注意：解密的时候要传入byte数组

/**解密
 * @param content  待解密内容
 * @param password 解密密钥
 * @return
 */
public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) {
        try {
                 KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
                 kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes()));
                 SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey();
                 byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded();
                 SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES");
                 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器
                cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
                byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content);
                return result; // 加密
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
}

/**解密 * @param content 待解密内容 * @param password 解密密钥 * @return */ public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] content, String password) { try { KeyGenerator kgen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); kgen.init(128, new SecureRandom(password.getBytes())); SecretKey secretKey = kgen.generateKey(); byte[] enCodeFormat = secretKey.getEncoded(); SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(enCodeFormat, "AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");// 创建密码器 cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化 byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(content); return result; // 加密 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }

2.3 测试代码

String content = "test";
String password = "12345678";
//加密
System.out.println("加密前：" + content);
byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
//解密
byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResult,password);
System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decryptResult));

String content = "test"; String password = "12345678"; //加密 System.out.println("加密前：" + content); byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password); //解密 byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResult,password); System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decryptResult));

输出结果如下：

加密前：test
解密后：test

2.4 容易出错的地方

但是如果我们将测试代码修改一下，如下：

String content = "test";
String password = "12345678";
//加密
System.out.println("加密前：" + content);
byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
try {
        String encryptResultStr = new String(encryptResult,"utf-8");
        //解密
        byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResultStr.getBytes("utf-8"),password);
        System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decryptResult));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
}

String content = "test"; String password = "12345678"; //加密 System.out.println("加密前：" + content); byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password); try { String encryptResultStr = new String(encryptResult,"utf-8"); //解密 byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(encryptResultStr.getBytes("utf-8"),password); System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decryptResult)); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

则，系统会报出如下异常：

javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException: Input length must be multiple of 16 when decrypting with padded cipher
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.AESCipher.engineDoFinal(DashoA13*..)
        at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(DashoA13*..)

这主要是因为加密后的byte数组是不能强制转换成字符串的，换言之：字符串和byte数组在这种情况下不是互逆的；要避免这种情况，我们需要做一些修订，可以考虑将二进制数据转换成十六进制表示，主要有如下两个方法：

2.4.1将二进制转换成16进制

/**将二进制转换成16进制
 * @param buf
 * @return
 */
public static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
                String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF);
                if (hex.length() == 1) {
                        hex = '0' + hex;
                }
                sb.append(hex.toUpperCase());
        }
        return sb.toString();
}

/**将二进制转换成16进制 * @param buf * @return */ public static String parseByte2HexStr(byte buf[]) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) { String hex = Integer.toHexString(buf[i] & 0xFF); if (hex.length() == 1) { hex = '0' + hex; } sb.append(hex.toUpperCase()); } return sb.toString(); }

2.4.2 将16进制转换为二进制

/**将16进制转换为二进制
 * @param hexStr
 * @return
 */
public static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) {
        if (hexStr.length() < 1)
                return null;
        byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length()/2];
        for (int i = 0;i< hexStr.length()/2; i++) {
                int high = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2, i*2+1), 16);
                int low = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2+1, i*2+2), 16);
                result[i] = (byte) (high * 16 + low);
        }
        return result;
}

/**将16进制转换为二进制 * @param hexStr * @return */ public static byte[] parseHexStr2Byte(String hexStr) { if (hexStr.length() < 1) return null; byte[] result = new byte[hexStr.length()/2]; for (int i = 0;i< hexStr.length()/2; i++) { int high = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2, i*2+1), 16); int low = Integer.parseInt(hexStr.substring(i*2+1, i*2+2), 16); result[i] = (byte) (high * 16 + low); } return result; }

然后，我们再修订以上测试代码，如下：

String content = "test";
String password = "12345678";
//加密
System.out.println("加密前：" + content);
byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password);
String encryptResultStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult);
System.out.println("加密后：" + encryptResultStr);
//解密
byte[] decryptFrom = parseHexStr2Byte(encryptResultStr);
byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(decryptFrom,password);
System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decryptResult));

String content = "test"; String password = "12345678"; //加密 System.out.println("加密前：" + content); byte[] encryptResult = encrypt(content, password); String encryptResultStr = parseByte2HexStr(encryptResult); System.out.println("加密后：" + encryptResultStr); //解密 byte[] decryptFrom = parseHexStr2Byte(encryptResultStr); byte[] decryptResult = decrypt(decryptFrom,password); System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decryptResult));

测试结果如下：

加密前：test
加密后：73C58BAFE578C59366D8C995CD0B9D6D
解密后：test

 

2.5 另外一种加密方式

还有一种加密方式，大家可以参考如下：

/**
      * 加密
      *
      * @param content 需要加密的内容
      * @param password  加密密码
      * @return
      */
     public static byte[] encrypt2(String content, String password) {
             try {
                     SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(password.getBytes(), "AES");
                     Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/NoPadding");
                     byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8");
                     cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化
                     byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent);
                     return result; // 加密
             } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
             } catch (BadPaddingException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
             }
             return null;
     }

/** * 加密 * * @param content 需要加密的内容 * @param password 加密密码 * @return */ public static byte[] encrypt2(String content, String password) { try { SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(password.getBytes(), "AES"); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/NoPadding"); byte[] byteContent = content.getBytes("utf-8"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);// 初始化 byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(byteContent); return result; // 加密 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvalidKeyException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BadPaddingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; }

这种加密方式有两种限制

• 密钥必须是16位的
• 待加密内容的长度必须是16的倍数，如果不是16的倍数，就会出如下异常：

javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException: Input length not multiple of 16 bytes
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.a(DashoA13*..)
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.SunJCE_f.b(DashoA13*..)
        at com.sun.crypto.provider.AESCipher.engineDoFinal(DashoA13*..)
        at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(DashoA13*..)

要解决如上异常，可以通过补全传入加密内容等方式进行避免。