MFC程序运行流程
->进入入口函数_tWinMain()
程序首先进入文件AppModul.cpp，找到_tWinMain()函数运行，调用其中的AfxWinMain()函数。
由于为了支持UNICODE,C运行库对WinMain其实区分了UNICODE版和ANSI版.对UNICODE版的程序,C运行库将调用wWinMain,而对于ANSI版的应用,则调用WinMain.
文件tchar.h定义:
... #ifdef _UNICODE ... #define _tmain wmain #define _tWinMain wWinMain ... #else /* ndef _UNICODE */ ... #define _tmain main #define _tWinMain WinMain ...
MFC的代码设计时是自动支持UNICODE的,所以,MFC的WinMain在APPMODUL.CPP被定义为_tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)，无论用户#define _UNICODE与否,MFC的WinMain都会被调用.
extern "C" int WINAPI
_tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
#pragma warning(suppress: 4985)
{
// call shared/exported WinMain
return AfxWinMain(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow);
}
hInstance:表示该程序当前运行的实例句柄，它是一个数值。当程序在Windows下运行时，它唯一标识运行中的实例。
hPrevInstance:父窗口句柄。这个参数在Win32下已经不起作用了。
lpCmpLine:指定传递给应用程序的命令行参数。
nCmdShow:指定程序窗口如何显示，例如最大化、最小化、隐藏等。
->进入AfxWinMain()
int AFXAPI AfxWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
_In_ LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
ASSERT(hPrevInstance == NULL);
int nReturnCode = -1;
CWinThread* pThread = AfxGetThread();//返回指向theApp的指针
CWinApp* pApp = AfxGetApp();//返回指向theApp的指针
// AFX internal initialization
if (!AfxWinInit(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow))//初始化应用程序内部环境，设置MFC
goto InitFailure;
// App global initializations (rare)
if (pApp != NULL && !pApp->InitApplication())//初始化应用程序内部环境，设置MFC
goto InitFailure;
// Perform specific initializations
if (!pThread->InitInstance())//完成应用程序相关工作：设计窗口类、注册窗口类、创建窗口类、显示窗口类、更新窗口类
{
if (pThread->m_pMainWnd != NULL)
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Destroying non-NULL m_pMainWnd\n");
pThread->m_pMainWnd->DestroyWindow();
}
nReturnCode = pThread->ExitInstance();
goto InitFailure;
}
nReturnCode = pThread->Run();//进入消息循环，处理系统消息。
//Run()调用PumpMessage函数,通过调用GetMessage、TranslateMessage、DispatchMessage等建立了消息循环并投递消息。
InitFailure:
#ifdef _DEBUG
// Check for missing AfxLockTempMap calls
if (AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock != 0)
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Temp map lock count non-zero (%ld).\n",
AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock);
}
AfxLockTempMaps();
AfxUnlockTempMaps(-1);
#endif
AfxWinTerm();
return nReturnCode;
}
->pThread->InitInstance()
这是个虚函数，pThread指向的是theApp，调用的是子类C***App类中的InitInstance函数。
KuaiPaiClient项目中的该函数为：
BOOL CKuaiPanClientApp::InitInstance()
{
// InitCommonControlsEx() is required on Windows XP if an application
// manifest specifies use of ComCtl32.dll version 6 or later to enable
// visual styles. Otherwise, any window creation will fail.
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX InitCtrls;
InitCtrls.dwSize = sizeof(InitCtrls);
// Set this to include all the common control classes you want to use
// in your application.
InitCtrls.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
InitCommonControlsEx(&InitCtrls);
CWinAppEx::InitInstance();
// Initialize OLE libraries
if (!AfxOleInit())
{
AfxMessageBox(IDP_OLE_INIT_FAILED);
return FALSE;
}
AfxEnableControlContainer();
EnableTaskbarInteraction(FALSE);
// AfxInitRichEdit2() is required to use RichEdit control
// AfxInitRichEdit2();
// Standard initialization
// If you are not using these features and wish to reduce the size
// of your final executable, you should remove from the following
// the specific initialization routines you do not need
// Change the registry key under which our settings are stored
// TODO: You should modify this string to be something appropriate
// such as the name of your company or organization
SetRegistryKey(_T("Local AppWizard-Generated Applications"));
LoadStdProfileSettings(4); // Load standard INI file options (including MRU)
InitContextMenuManager(); InitKeyboardManager(); InitTooltipManager(); CMFCToolTipInfo ttParams; ttParams.m_bVislManagerTheme = TRUE; theApp.GetTooltipManager()->SetTooltipParams(AFX_TOOLTIP_TYPE_ALL, RUNTIME_CLASS(CMFCToolTipCtrl), &ttParams); // Register the application's document templates. Document templates // serve as the connection between documents, frame windows and views CSingleDocTemplate* pDocTemplate; pDocTemplate = new CSingleDocTemplate( IDR_MAINFRAME, RUNTIME_CLASS(CKuaiPanClientDoc), RUNTIME_CLASS(CMainFrame), // main SDI frame window RUNTIME_CLASS(CKuaiPanClientView)); if (!pDocTemplate) return FALSE; AddDocTemplate(pDocTemplate);//将Doc类、CMainFrame和CView三个类用文档模板关联到一起，装载到当前应用程序的全局对象theApp中。 // Parse command line for standard shell commands, DDE, file open CCommandLineInfo cmdInfo; ParseCommandLine(cmdInfo); // Dispatch commands specified on the command line. Will return FALSE if // app was launched with /RegServer, /Register, /Unregserver or /Unregister. if (!ProcessShellCommand(cmdInfo))//主要完成：设计窗口类、注册窗口类、创建窗口类 return FALSE; // The one and only window has been initialized, so show and update it m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);//显示窗口 m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow();//更新框架窗口 // call DragAcceptFiles only if there's a suffix // In an SDI app, this should occur after ProcessShellCommand return TRUE; }
->ProcessShellCommand()调用了LoadFrame()注册并创建窗口
ProcessShellCommand()——>OnCmdMsg()——>AfxDispatchCmdMsg()——>pfn_Command()——>OnFileNew()——>OpenDocumentFile()——>CreateNewFrame()——>LoadFrame()
多次调用PreCreateWindow、CreateEx、AfxEndDeferRegisterClass 注册工具栏、状态栏等.
BOOL CWinApp::ProcessShellCommand(CCommandLineInfo& rCmdInfo)
{
BOOL bResult = TRUE;
switch (rCmdInfo.m_nShellCommand)
{
case CCommandLineInfo::RestartByRestartManager:
// Re-register with the restart manager using the restart identifier from the command line
RegisterWithRestartManager(SupportsApplicationRecovery(), rCmdInfo.m_strRestartIdentifier);
// Call RestartIntance, which should reopen any previously opened document(s) and
// optionally load the autosaved versions after querying the user about loading.
if (RestartInstance())
break;
// If RestartInstance returns FALSE, then fall through to FileNew case, so
// a new document is created--otherwise the main frame will not be created.
case CCommandLineInfo::FileNew:
if (!AfxGetApp()->OnCmdMsg(ID_FILE_NEW, 0, NULL, NULL))
OnFileNew();
if (m_pMainWnd == NULL)
bResult = FALSE;
break;
// If we've been asked to open a file, call OpenDocumentFile()
case CCommandLineInfo::FileOpen:
if (!OpenDocumentFile(rCmdInfo.m_strFileName))
bResult = FALSE;
break;
// If the user wanted to print, hide our main window and
// fire a message to ourselves to start the printing
case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrintTo:
case CCommandLineInfo::FilePrint:
m_nCmdShow = SW_HIDE;
ASSERT(m_pCmdInfo == NULL);
if(OpenDocumentFile(rCmdInfo.m_strFileName))
{
m_pCmdInfo = &rCmdInfo;
ENSURE_VALID(m_pMainWnd);
m_pMainWnd->SendMessage(WM_COMMAND, ID_FILE_PRINT_DIRECT);
m_pCmdInfo = NULL;
}
bResult = FALSE;
break;
// If we're doing DDE print or print to, start up without a new document and hide ourselves
case CCommandLineInfo::FileDDENoShow:
m_pCmdInfo = (CCommandLineInfo*)(UINT_PTR)m_nCmdShow;
m_nCmdShow = SW_HIDE;
break;
// If we're doing DDE open, start up without a new document, but don't hide ourselves -- this causes the
// icon in the Windows 7 taskbar to start in the wrong position and slide into the right position.
case CCommandLineInfo::FileDDE:
break;
// If we've been asked to register, exit without showing UI.
// Registration was already done in InitInstance().
case CCommandLineInfo::AppRegister:
{
Register();
bResult = FALSE; // that's all we do
// If nobody is using it already, we can use it.
// We'll flag that we're unregistering and not save our state
// on the way out. This new object gets deleted by the
// app object destructor.
if (m_pCmdInfo == NULL)
{
m_pCmdInfo = new CCommandLineInfo;
m_pCmdInfo->m_nShellCommand = CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister;
}
break;
}
// If we've been asked to unregister, unregister and then terminate
case CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister:
{
BOOL bUnregistered = Unregister();
if (!rCmdInfo.m_bRunEmbedded)
{
if (bUnregistered)
AfxMessageBox(AFX_IDP_UNREG_DONE);
else
AfxMessageBox(AFX_IDP_UNREG_FAILURE);
}
bResult = FALSE; // that's all we do
// If nobody is using it already, we can use it.
// We'll flag that we're unregistering and not save our state
// on the way out. This new object gets deleted by the
// app object destructor.
if (m_pCmdInfo == NULL)
{
m_pCmdInfo = new CCommandLineInfo;
m_pCmdInfo->m_nShellCommand = CCommandLineInfo::AppUnregister;
}
}
break;
}
return bResult;
}
->CreateEx()
BOOL CWnd::CreateEx(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCTSTR lpszClassName,
LPCTSTR lpszWindowName, DWORD dwStyle,
int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
HWND hWndParent, HMENU nIDorHMenu, LPVOID lpParam)
{
ASSERT(lpszClassName == NULL || AfxIsValidString(lpszClassName) ||
AfxIsValidAtom(lpszClassName));
ENSURE_ARG(lpszWindowName == NULL || AfxIsValidString(lpszWindowName));
// allow modification of several common create parameters
CREATESTRUCT cs;
cs.dwExStyle = dwExStyle;
cs.lpszClass = lpszClassName;
cs.lpszName = lpszWindowName;
cs.style = dwStyle;
cs.x = x;
cs.y = y;
cs.cx = nWidth;
cs.cy = nHeight;
cs.hwndParent = hWndParent;
cs.hMenu = nIDorHMenu;
cs.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
cs.lpCreateParams = lpParam;
if (!PreCreateWindow(cs))//此处调用的PreCreateWindow，事实上调用的是C***App的成员函数，虚函数，可以在C***App中重写，这样可以在窗口被创建前通过结构体CREATESTRUCT更改窗口风格等
{
PostNcDestroy();
return FALSE;
}
AfxHookWindowCreate(this);
HWND hWnd = ::AfxCtxCreateWindowEx(cs.dwExStyle, cs.lpszClass,//开始创建窗口
cs.lpszName, cs.style, cs.x, cs.y, cs.cx, cs.cy,
cs.hwndParent, cs.hMenu, cs.hInstance, cs.lpCreateParams);
#ifdef _DEBUG
if (hWnd == NULL)
{
TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, "Warning: Window creation failed: GetLastError returns 0x%8.8X\n",
GetLastError());
}
#endif
if (!AfxUnhookWindowCreate())
PostNcDestroy(); // cleanup if CreateWindowEx fails too soon
if (hWnd == NULL)
return FALSE;
ASSERT(hWnd == m_hWnd); // should have been set in send msg hook
return TRUE;
}
->AfxEndDeferRegisterClass()
BOOL AFXAPI AfxEndDeferRegisterClass(LONG fToRegister)
{
// mask off all classes that are already registered
AFX_MODULE_STATE* pModuleState = AfxGetModuleState();
fToRegister &= ~pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses;
if (fToRegister == 0)
return TRUE;
LONG fRegisteredClasses = 0;
// common initialization
WNDCLASS wndcls;
memset(&wndcls, 0, sizeof(WNDCLASS)); // start with NULL defaults
wndcls.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//使窗口类的窗口过程为系统的默认窗口过程。
wndcls.hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();
wndcls.hCursor = afxData.hcurArrow;
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX init;
init.dwSize = sizeof(init);
// work to register classes as specified by fToRegister, populate fRegisteredClasses as we go
if (fToRegister & AFX_WND_REG)
{
// Child windows - no brush, no icon, safest default class styles
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWnd;
if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))//注册窗口
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WND_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG)
{
// OLE Control windows - use parent DC for speed
wndcls.style |= CS_PARENTDC | CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndOleControl;
if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDOLECONTROL_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG)
{
// Control bar windows
wndcls.style = 0; // control bars don't handle double click
wndcls.lpszClassName = _afxWndControlBar;
wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BTNFACE + 1);
if (AfxRegisterClass(&wndcls))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCONTROLBAR_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG)
{
// MDI Frame window (also used for splitter window)
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS;
wndcls.hbrBackground = NULL;
if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndMDIFrame, AFX_IDI_STD_MDIFRAME))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDMDIFRAME_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG)
{
// SDI Frame or MDI Child windows or views - normal colors
wndcls.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndcls.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
if (_AfxRegisterWithIcon(&wndcls, _afxWndFrameOrView, AFX_IDI_STD_FRAME))
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDFRAMEORVIEW_REG;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG)
{
// this flag is compatible with the old InitCommonControls() API
init.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK);
fToRegister &= ~AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK;
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_UPDOWN_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_UPDOWN_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_TREEVIEW_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TREEVIEW_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_TAB_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_TAB_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_PROGRESS_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PROGRESS_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_LISTVIEW_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LISTVIEW_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_HOTKEY_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_HOTKEY_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_BAR_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_BAR_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_ANIMATE_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_ANIMATE_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_INTERNET_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_INTERNET_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_COOL_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_COOL_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_USEREX_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_USEREX_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_DATE_CLASSES;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_DATE_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LINK_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_LINK_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_LINK_REG);
}
if (fToRegister & AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PAGER_REG)
{
init.dwICC = ICC_PAGESCROLLER_CLASS;
fRegisteredClasses |= _AfxInitCommonControls(&init, AFX_WNDCOMMCTL_PAGER_REG);
}
// save new state of registered controls
pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= fRegisteredClasses;
// special case for all common controls registered, turn on AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG
if ((pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses & AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK) == AFX_WIN95CTLS_MASK)
{
pModuleState->m_fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
fRegisteredClasses |= AFX_WNDCOMMCTLS_REG;
}
// must have registered at least as mamy classes as requested
return (fToRegister & fRegisteredClasses) == fToRegister;
}