同行评审过程描述（二）——评审步骤

同行评审过程描述（二）——评审步骤

文章出处：51CMM 作者：不详 翻译：金峰华 发布时间：2006-04-01

5. Inspection Procedure（评审步骤） Participants 参与者 The roles and responsibilities shown below pertain to the inspection process. All participants are inspectors, in addition to any specialized role they might have. At least three participants, including the author, are required for an inspection. If only three people participate in an inspection, the moderator shall also serve as recorder or reader. The author may not serve as reader, moderator, or recorder.下面是评审过程中涉及的角色及责任。所有参与者除了自身担任的特定角色外，也都是检查者。一次评审需要至少三个参与者，包括创建者。如果只有三个人参与评审，那么评审负责人还要兼作记录人或阅读人。创建者一般不作阅读人，评审负责人或记录人。   Role角色 Responsibilities责任   Author 创建者 · Creator or maintainer of the work product to be inspected. Initiates the inspection process by asking the peer review coordinator to assign a moderator. · 被评审的工作产品的创建者或维护者请求同行评审协调者分配一位评审负责人，从而发起评审过程。 · States his or objectives for the inspection. · 陈述评审目标· Delivers work product and its specification or predecessor document to moderator. · 提交工作产品及其规范或以往的文档给评审负责人。 · Works with moderator to select inspectors and assign roles. · 与评审负责人一起选择检查者，并分配角色。 · Addresses items on the Issue Log and Typo Lists. · 对应问题日志和微错清单上的项目。 · Reports rework time and defect counts to moderator. · 向评审负责人报告返工时间和缺陷数。   Moderator 评审负责人 · Uses Inspection Moderator’s Checklist as a work aid. · 使用评审负责人检查表作为工作辅助。 · Plans, schedules, and leads the inspection events. · 计划，安排，组织评审活动。 · Works with author to select inspectors and assign roles. · 与创建者一起选择检查者，并分配角色。 · Assembles inspection package and delivers it to inspectors at least 3 days prior to the inspection meeting. · 提前评审会议至少三天，将评审项目打包并发送给检查者。 · Determines whether preparation is sufficient to hold the meeting. If not, reschedules the meeting. · 确定会议准备是否充分。如果不充分，重新安排会议时间。 · Facilitates inspection meeting. Corrects any inappropriate behavior. Solicits input from inspectors as reader presents each section of the work product. Records any action items or side issues that arise during the inspection. · 促进评审会议进行。纠正任何不适当的行为。随着阅读人展现工作产品的各部分，引导检查者提出问题。记录评审过程中提出的行动决议或问题。 · Leads inspection team in determining the work product appraisal. · 领导评审小组确定工作产品的评估结果。 · Serves as verifier or delegates this responsibility to someone else. · 作为审核者或指派其他人承担该责任。 · Delivers completed Inspection Summary Report to the organization’s peer review coordinator. · 提交完成的评审总结报告给组织的同行评审协调者。   Reader 阅读人 Presents portions of the work product to the inspection team to elicit comments, issues, or questions from inspectors.向评审小组展示工作产品的各部分，引导检查者进行评论，提出问题或疑问。   Recorder 记录人 Records and classifies issues raised during inspection meeting.记录并分类评审会议中提出的问题。   Inspector 检查者 Examines work product prior to the inspection meeting to find defects and prepare for contributing to the meeting. Records preparation time. Participates during the meeting to identify defects, raise issues, and suggest improvements.在评审会议之前检查工作产品，发现其缺陷，为参加评审会议做准备。记录准备时间。参加评审，识别缺陷，提出问题，给出改进建议。   Verifier 审核者 Performs follow-up to determine whether rework has been performed appropriately and correctly. 进行跟踪，确认返工工作被正确执行。   Peer Review Coordinator 同行评审协调者 Custodian of the project’s inspection metrics database. Maintains records of inspections conducted and data from the Inspection Summary Report for each inspection. Generates reports on inspection data for management, process improvement team, and peer review process owner.项目评审度量数据库的拥有者。维护每次评审的评审记录及来自评审总结报告中的数据。根据评审数据形成报告，提交给管理层、过程改进组及同行评审过程的拥有者。 Entry Criteria 入口条件 o The author selected an inspection approach for the product being reviewed. o 创建者为待评审的工作产品选择了评审方法。 o All necessary supporting documentation is available o 准备好所有必需的支持文档。 o The author has stated his or her objectives for this inspection. o 创建者陈述了该次评审的目标。 o Reviewers are trained in the peer review process. o 评审者接受了同行评审过程的培训。 o Documents to be inspected are identified with a version number. All pages are numbered and line numbers are displayed. The documents have been spell-checked. o 为待评审的文档分配了版本号。所有页面都标明了页号和行号。文档经过了拼写错误检查。 o Source code to be inspected is identified with a version number. Listings have line numbers and page numbers. Code compiles with no errors or warning messages using the project’s standard compiler switches. Errors found using code analyzer tools have been corrected. o 为待评审的源代码分配了版本号。代码清单标明了行号和页码。代码已经使用项目标准编译转换器编译过，并且没有错误和警告信息。使用代码分析器发现的错误已经被改正。 o For a re-inspection, all issues from the previous inspection were resolved. o 对于二次评审，前一次评审中发现的所有问题都已经解决。 o Any additional entry criteria defined for the specific type of work product are also satisfied. o 满足所有针对特定的工作产品定义的附加入口条件。    Planning计划 Task任务 Responsible责任人   1. Give moderator the work product to be inspected and supporting documents, such as specifications, predecessor documents, or pertinent test documentation.将需要评审的工作产品和支持文档，如规范、以往文档，相关测试文档交给评审负责人。 Moderator 评审负责人   2. Determine whether work product satisfies inspection entry criteria.确定工作产品是否满足评审入口条件。 Author 创建者   3. Based on the size and complexity of the work product, determine how many inspection meetings will be required.根据工作产品的规模和复杂度确定需要多少次评审会议。 Moderator and Author评审负责人和创建者   4. Select inspectors and assign roles to individuals. Gain agreement from the other inspectors to participate.选择检查者，并为其分配角色。确认检查者同意参加评审。 Moderator and Author评审负责人和创建者   5. Determine whether an overview meeting is required.确定是否需要一次评审说明会议。 Author创建者   6. Schedule the inspection, and possibly overview, meetings and distribute a meeting notice.安排评审会议或者还有评审说明会议的时间，并发出会议通知。 Moderator评审负责人   7. Distribute the inspection package to the participants at least 3 working days prior to the inspection meeting.提前评审会议至少三个工作日向参与者分发评审包。 Moderator or Author评审负责人或创建者 Overview 评审说明 Task 任务 Responsible 责任人   1. Describe the important features of the work product to the rest of the inspection team. State inspection objectives.向评审小组的其他成员描述工作产品的重要特征。陈述评审目标。 Author创建者   Evaluate the assumptions, history, and context of the work product.评估工作产品的前提条件，历史记录及背景。 Inspectors检查者 Preparation 评审准备 Task任务 Responsible 责任人   1. Ask Individual inspectors to prepare with specific objectives in mind, such as: checking the consistency of cross-references; checking for interface errors; checking traceability to, and consistency with, predecessor specifications; or checking conformance to standards.要求每个检查者以特定的角度准备评审。例如，检查交叉引用的一致性，检查接口错误，检查对以往的规范的可追溯性和一致性，检查对标准的符合性。 Moderator and Author评审负责人和创建者   2. Examine the work product, to understand it, find defects, and raise questions about it. Use the appropriate defect checklist to focus attention on defects commonly found in the type of product being inspected. Use other analysis methods to look for defects as appropriate.检查工作产品，理解它，发现其缺陷，并提出问题。使用适当的缺陷检查表，集中于发现这类工作产品中普遍存在的缺陷。适当使用其它分析方法查找缺陷。 Inspectors检查者   2. Examine the work product, to understand it, find defects, and raise questions about it. Use the appropriate defect checklist to focus attention on defects commonly found in the type of product being inspected. Use other analysis methods to look for defects as appropriate.检查工作产品，理解它，发现其缺陷，并提出问题。使用适当的缺陷检查表，集中于发现这类工作产品中普遍存在的缺陷。适当使用其它分析方法查找缺陷。 Inspectors检查者   3. Log minor defects found, such as typographical errors or style inconsistencies, on the Typo List. Deliver this to the author at or prior to the inspection meeting.将微小缺陷记录到微错清单上，如排版错误或风格不一致。在评审会议上或之前交给创建者。 Inspectors检查者 Inspection Meeting 评审会议 Task任务 Responsible 责任人   1. Open the Meeting: Introduce the participants (if necessary) and state their roles, state the purpose of the inspection, and direct inspectors to focus their efforts toward finding defects, not solutions. Remind participants to address their comments to the work product under review, not to the author.召开会议：介绍参与者（如果需要），说明其角色，陈述评审的目标。指导检查者将精力集中于发现缺陷，而不是解决方法。提醒参与者评论要针对正在评审的工作产品，而不是创建者。 Moderator评审负责人   Establish Preparedness: Ask each inspector for his or her preparation time and records the times on the Inspection Summary Report. If preparation is insufficient, reschedule the meeting.确认准备情况：询问每个检查者的准备时间，并记录到评审总结报告上。如果准备不充分，重新安排会议时间。 Moderator评审负责人   Present Work Product: Describe portions of the work product to the inspection team.展示工作产品：向评审小组描述工作产品的各部分。 Reader阅读人   Raise Defects and Issues: Point out concerns, potential defects, questions, or improvement opportunities after the reader presents each section.提出缺陷和问题：每当阅读人展示完工作产品的一部分，指出关心的，潜在的缺陷，疑问或改进建议。 Inspectors检查者   Record Issues: Capture the information in Table 2 on the Issue Log for each issue raised. State aloud what was recorded to make sure it was recorded accurately.记录问题：对每个提出的问题，获取表2中列出的信息，记录到问题日志上。大声读出记录，以确认问题被正确地记录。 Recorder记录人   Answer Questions: Respond briefly to any specific questions raised, and contribute to defect detection based on special understanding of the work product.解答问题：简短回答提出的问题，使检查者进一步了解工作产品，从而帮助发现缺陷。 Author创建者   Make Product Appraisal: After all meetings scheduled for a given inspection are complete, decide on the work product appraisal, selecting from the options in Table 3. If the inspectors disagree, assign the most conservative appraisal offered by any of the inspectors.确定产品评估结果：所有评审会议结束以后，确定工作产品的评估结果，从表3中选择。如果检查者们的意见不一致，那么评估结果应确定为所有检查者给出的评估结果中最保守的一个。 Inspectors检查者   Sign Inspection Summary Report: All participants sign the Inspection Summary Report to indicate their agreement with the inspection outcome.签署评审总结报告：所有参与者都要在评审总结报告上签字，说明他们同意评审结果。 Inspectors检查者   Collect Inspection Feedback. Ask the inspectors to evaluate the inspection and suggest improvements, using the Inspection Lessons Learned Questionnaire.收集评审反馈：使用评审经验教训问卷，要求检查者评估评审并提出改进建议。 Moderator评审负责人 Table 2. Information to Record for Each Defect Found. 表2. 对每个发现的缺陷需要纪录的信息 Appraisal Meaning Accepted As Is完全接受 Modifications may be required in the work product, but verification of the modification is not necessary.可能需要修改工作产品，但修改不需要审核。 Accept Conditionally有条件的接受 Defects must be corrected, and the changes must be verified by the individual named on the Inspection Summary Report.必须修改缺陷，所作的修改必须由评审总结报告上指定的人审核。 e-inspect Following Rework二次评审返工工作 A substantial portion of the product must be modified, or there are many changes to make. A second inspection is required after the author has completed rework.工作产品的很大部分都需要修改或需要做很多变更。创建者完成返工工作后需要二次评审。 Inspection Not Completed评审未完成 A significant fraction of the planned material was not inspected, or the inspection was terminated for some reason.评审内容的重要部分没有评审或评审因某些原因中断。   Task任务 Responsible责任人 Rework返工 1. Correct defects and typos found, resolve issues raised, and modify work product accordingly. Mark issues list to indicate action taken. 改正缺陷和微小错误，解决提出的问题，并相应地修改工作产品。标注问题列表中已经处理过的问题。 Author创建者   Correct any other project documents based on defects identified in the inspected work product.基于工作产品评审发现的缺陷，修改其他项目文档。 Author创建者   Record any uncorrected defects in the project’s defect tracking system.将没有改正的缺陷记录到项目缺陷跟踪系统中。 Author创建者   If rework verification is not needed, report the number of major and minor defects found and corrected and the actual rework effort to the moderator.如果返工工作不需要审核，要向评审负责人报告发现和修改的严重缺陷和轻微缺陷的数量，以及实际的返工工作量。 Author创建者   Record the actual rework effort on the Inspection Summary Report.在评审总结报告上纪录实际的返工工作量。 Moderator评审负责人   Task任务 Responsible责任人 Follow-Up跟踪 2. Confirm that the author has addressed every item on the Issue Log. Determine whether the author made appropriate decisions as to which defects not to correct and which improvement suggestions not to implement.确认创建者已经对应了问题日志上的每一项。确定创建者是否正确的判断了哪些缺陷不必改正，那些改进建议不必实现。 Verifier审核者   Examine the modified work product to judge whether the rework has been performed correctly. Report any findings to the author, so rework can be declared complete, incorrect rework can be redone, or items that were not originally pursued can be addressed.检查修改后的工作产品，判断返工工作是否正确执行，将结果报告给创建者，从而声明返工工作已经完成，重做没有正确完成的返工工作，对应之前没有对应的项目。 Verifier审核者   Report the number of major and minor defects found and corrected and the actual rework effort to the moderator.向评审负责人报告发现和修改的严重缺陷数和轻微缺陷数及实际的返工工作量。 Author创建者   Check whether the exit criteria for the inspection and for the peer review process have been satisfied. If so, the inspection is complete.检查是否满足评审和同行评审过程的出口条件。如果满足，则评审结束 Moderator评审负责人   Check the baselined work product into the project’s configuration management system.将工作产品基线化到项目配置管理系统中 Author创建者   Deliver Inspection Summary Report and counts of defects found and defects corrected to peer review coordinator.向同行评审协调者提交评审总结报告及发现的缺陷数和改正的缺陷数。 Author创建者 Deliverables 交付物 1. Baselined work product基线化的工作产品 2. Completed Inspection Summary Report完成的评审总结报告 3. Completed Issue Log完成的问题日志 4. Completed Typo Lists完成的微错清单 5. Counts of defects found and defects corrected发现和改正的缺陷数 Exit Criteria 出口条件 o All of the author’s inspection objectives are satisfied. o 创建者的所有评审目标都已达成。 o Issues raised during the inspection are tracked to closure. o 评审中提出的问题被跟踪直至关闭。 o All major defects are corrected. o 所有严重缺陷都已改正。 o Uncorrected defects are logged in the project’s defect tracking system. o 没改正的缺陷已被纪录到项目缺陷跟踪系统中。 o The modified work product is checked into the project’s configuration management system. o 修改的工作产品已基线化到项目配置管理系统中。 o If changes were required in earlier project deliverables, those deliverables have been correctly modified, checked into the project’s configuration management system, and any necessary regression tests were passed. o 如果需要修改以前的项目交付物，则已经正确的修改了这些交付物，保存到了项目配置管理系统中，并且通过了所有必要的测试。 o Moderator has collected and recorded the inspection data. o 评审负责人收集并记录了评审数据。 o Moderator has delivered the completed Inspection Summary Report and defect counts to the peer review coordinator. o 评审负责人已经向同行评审协调者提交了完成的评审总结报告和缺陷数。