CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建

转载:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiongpq/p/3381069.html

环境:

CentOS X64 6.5

nginx 1.5.6

Python 2.7.5

正文:

一:安装需要的类库及Python2.7.5

安装必要的开发包

yum groupinstall "Development tools"



yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

CentOS 自带Python2.6.6,但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5:

cd ~

wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2

tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2

cd Python-2.7.5

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make
make altinstall

或Python2.7.9
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz

tar xf Python-2.7.9.tar.xz

安装完毕后,可是使用”python2.7”命令进入python2.7的环境。

二:安装Python包管理

easy_install包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

方便安装Python的开发包

cd ~

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz

tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz

cd distribute-0.6.49

python2.7 setup.py install

easy_install --version

红色部分必须是“python2.7”,否则将安装到默认的2.6环境内。

pip包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理Python包, easy_install没有这个功能,只有uninstall

easy_install pip

pip --version

三:安装uwsgi

uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI

uwsgi参数详解:http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html

pip install uwsgi

uwsgi --version

测试uwsgi是否正常:

新建test.py文件,内容如下:

def application(env, start_response):

        start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])

        return "Hello World"

然后在终端运行:

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8001,看是否有“Hello World”输出,若没有输出,请检查你的安装过程。

四:安装django

pip install django

测试django是否正常,运行:

django-admin.py startproject demosite

cd demosite

python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8002,检查django是否运行正常。

五:安装nginx

cd ~

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz

tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.5.6

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 \

--with-http_stub_status_module \

--with-http_gzip_static_module

make && make install
 
或者yum安装,直接支持系统服务service nginx reload等;
yum install nginx

六:配置uwsgi

uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式,但个人感觉ini更方便:

在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini,添加如下配置:

[uwsgi]

socket = 127.0.0.1:9090

master = true         //主进程

vhost = true          //多站模式

no-stie = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件

workers = 2           //子进程数

reload-mercy = 10     

vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件

max-requests = 1000   

limit-as = 512

buffer-sizi = 30000

pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件,用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程

daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

设置uwsgi开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件,内容如下:

 

#! /bin/sh

# chkconfig: 2345 55 25

# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and

# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your

# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'

 

### BEGIN INIT INFO

# Provides:          uwsgi

# Required-Start:    $all

# Required-Stop:     $all

# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5

# Default-Stop:      0 1 6

# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server

# Description:       starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon

### END INIT INFO

 

# Author:   licess

# website:  http://lnmp.org

 

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DESC="uwsgi daemon"

NAME=uwsgi9090

DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi

CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini

PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid

SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME

 

set -e

[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0

 

do_start() {

    $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"

}

 

do_stop() {

    $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"

    rm -f $PIDFILE

    echo "$DAEMON STOPED."

}

 

do_reload() {

    $DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"

}

 

do_status() {

    ps aux|grep $DAEMON

}

 

case "$1" in

 status)

    echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"

    do_status

 ;;

 start)

    echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"

    do_start

 ;;

 stop)

    echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"

    do_stop

 ;;

 reload|graceful)

    echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"

    do_reload

 ;;

 *)

    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2

    exit 3

 ;;

esac

 

exit 0

然后在终端执行:

-- 添加服务

chkconfig --add uwsgi9090 

-- 设置开机启动

chkconfig uwsgi9090 on

七:设置nginx

找到nginx的安装目录,打开conf/nginx.conf文件,修改server配置

server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

        

        location / {            

            include  uwsgi_params;

            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;  //入口文件,即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置,“.”相当于一层目录

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite;       //项目根目录

            index  index.html index.htm;

            client_max_body_size 35m;

        }

    }

设置nginx开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建nginx文件,内容如下:

 

#!/bin/sh

#

# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon

#

# chkconfig:   - 85 15

# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \

#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server

# processname: nginx

# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid

  

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

  

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

  

# Check that networking is up.

[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

  

nginx="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/sbin/nginx"

prog=$(basename $nginx)



NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/conf/nginx.conf"

  

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx

  

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx  

 

start() {

    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5

    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6

    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

    retval=$?

    echo

    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

    return $retval

}

  

stop() {

    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

    killproc $prog -QUIT

    retval=$?

    echo

    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

    return $retval

}

  

restart() {

    configtest || return $?

    stop

    sleep 1

    start

}

  

reload() {

    configtest || return $?

    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

    killproc $nginx -HUP

    RETVAL=$?

    echo

}

  

force_reload() {

    restart

}

  

configtest() {

  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE

}

  

rh_status() {

    status $prog

}

  

rh_status_q() {

    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1

}

  

case "$1" in

    start)

        rh_status_q && exit 0

        $1

        ;;

    stop)

        rh_status_q || exit 0

        $1

        ;;

    restart|configtest)

        $1

        ;;

    reload)

        rh_status_q || exit 7

        $1

        ;;

    force-reload)

        force_reload

        ;;

    status)

        rh_status

        ;;

    condrestart|try-restart)

        rh_status_q || exit 0

            ;;

    *)

        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"

        exit 2

esac

然后在终端执行:

-- 添加服务

chkconfig --add nginx 

-- 设置开机启动

chkconfig nginx on

八:测试

OK,一切配置完毕,在终端运行

service uwsgi9090 start

service nginx start

在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1,恭喜你可以看到django的“It work”了~

九:多站配置

我采用运行多个uwsgi服务的方法来实现多个站点。

重复第六步,创建uwsgi9091.ini,并相应修改文件中的

socket = 127.0.0.1:9091

pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9091.pid

daemonize = /website/uwsgi9091.log

并创建服务uwsgi9091,设置开机启动。

然后修改nginx的配置文件为:

 

server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

        

        location / {            

            include  uwsgi_params;

            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/demosite;

            index  index.html index.htm;

            client_max_body_size 35m;

        }

    }



    server {

        listen       1300;

        

        location / {            

            include  uwsgi_params;

            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9091;

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT DjangoStudy.wsgi;

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /website/DjangoStudy;

            index  index.html index.htm;

        }

    }

然后我们就可以通过http://127.0.0.1:1300来访问新的网站了。

十:其他配置

防火墙设置

CentOS默认关闭外部对80、3306等端口的访问,所以要在其他计算机访问这台服务器,就必须修改防火墙配置,打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables

在“-A INPUT –m state --state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”,下添加:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 80 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

然后保存,并关闭该文件,在终端内运行下面的命令,刷新防火墙配置:

service iptables restart
安装Mysqldb
yum -y install mysql-devel



easy_install-2.7 MySQL-python

注意红色部分,easy_install-2.7,否则它将默认安装到Python2.6环境内。

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

2014年12月02日添加: 

CentOS 7中默认使用Firewalld做防火墙,所以修改iptables后,在重启系统后,根本不管用。 

Firewalld中添加端口方法如下: 

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

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