<pre name="code" class="sql">Oracle的dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats只会收集优化器统计信息,不会检测表的记录是否存在行迁移和行链接。 要检测表的记录是否存在row chain,需要用到ORACLE 早先一点的命令:ANALYZE TABLE 值得注意的是:数据字典 USER_TABLES.CHAIN_CNT的值是包含 了行迁移和行链接的数目.请看ORACLE的解释: CHAIN_CNT* Number of rows in the table that are chained from one data block to another, or which have migrated to a new block, requiring a link to preserve the old ROWID 也就是说这个字段的值是行迁移和行链接的总数量,至于要知道具体行迁 移有多少,行链接又是多少,ANALYZE TABLE这个命令没办法得到,只有通过DUMP BLOCK来区分(方法复杂,故没有去做).但首先我们要知道行迁移和行链接是两个不同的概念: (1)行迁移: ORACLE一个BLOCK的DEFAULT SIZE是8K,事实上,一个BLOCK不可以存储8K的数 据.一个BLOCK可以存储多少数据,由PCTFREE,PCTUSED参数控制(对于以前的手工管理的表空间而言) PCTFREE:是指BLOCK保留空闲空间的百分比,用于UPDATE。对于已经插入到BLOCK的行而言, 后面的UPDATE操作有可能使行的长度增加,PCTFREE就是用于容纳增加的那部分长度而保留的空闲空间。如果UPDATE时PCTFREE再也不能够容纳行增加的长度,则ORACLE会将整个行 迁移到一个新的BLOCK,行的ROWID保留(不是太明白为什么ORACLE不改变ROWID),原来的BLOCK有一个指针指向ROW存放的新BLOCK。这就是行迁移。可见,行迁移是由于UPDATE操作 所导致。从字面上理解: 所谓迁移,肯定先有存在这一行,才能叫着迁移. (2)行链接:是指一个BLOCK不能容纳一行(行的长度太大),而必须将此行存放于几个BLOCK.行链接一般是在Insert时产生的.一个BLOCK能否用于 insert是由PCTUSED控制. PCTUSED:是指BLOCK用于INSERT的百分比。对于INSERT操作,BLOCK可用于容纳新行的最大空间为Blocksize-pctfree-overhead.当BLOCK数据存储已高于 PCTUSED, ORACLE会将该块从自由链表中移除,直到该块已使用空间降到PCTUSED以下,才会再次将此块重新加入到Freelist(这是ORACLE以前手工管理的表空间管理空闲块的原理,现在ORACLE 推荐使用ASSM). 行迁移和行链接的检测: 除了我写的存储过程可以检测以外,一个简单的检测方法是: select b.NAME, a.VALUE from v$mystat a, v$statname b where a.STATISTIC# = b.STATISTIC# and b.NAME like 'table fetch continued row' 当有返回值时,可以知道表的数据存在行迁移和行链接。 行迁移和行链接的清除: 能过REBUILD数据来清除行迁移: create table MM_PM_temp as select * from MM_PM; truncate table MM_PM; insert into MM_PM select * from MM_PM_temp 再重新分析表: analyze table MM_PM compute statistics; 分析过后再查看: select t.table_name, t.num_rows, t.chain_cnt, t.avg_row_len, round((t.chain_cnt / t.num_rows) * 100, 2) as "chained rows %" from user_tables t where t.chain_cnt > 0 如果该表的chain_cnt变为0时,表示原先的chain_cnt全部是行迁移,而不是行链接。如果REBUILD数据后chain_cnt变少,但还大于0,则可以证明,这个表即包含行迁移,又包含 真正的行 链接。事实证明,行迁移是可以通过REBUILD数据和增加PCTFREE%来清除和减少发生频率的。注意,对于ASSM,PCTUSED,FREELIST,FREELIST GROUPS参数会被忽略。 但对于真正 的行链接,只能通过将表移植到大的BLOCSIZE的表空间上。 行迁移和行链接实验: create table TEST_1 ( OWNER VARCHAR2(30), OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128), SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30), OBJECT_ID NUMBER, DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER, OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19), CREATED DATE, LAST_DDL_TIME DATE, TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19), STATUS VARCHAR2(7), TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1), GENERATED VARCHAR2(1), SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1), NAMESPACE NUMBER, EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30) ) tablespace USERS pctfree 0 initrans 1 maxtrans 255 storage ( initial 64K next 1M minextents 1 maxextents unlimited ); 由于设置pct_free=0 稍微update一下就产生行迁移: drop table test_1 purge; create table TEST_1 ( OWNER VARCHAR2(30), OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128), SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30), OBJECT_ID NUMBER, DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER, OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19), CREATED DATE, LAST_DDL_TIME DATE, TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19), STATUS VARCHAR2(7), TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1), GENERATED VARCHAR2(1), SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1), NAMESPACE NUMBER, EDITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30) ) tablespace USERS pctfree 0 initrans 1 maxtrans 255 storage ( initial 64K next 1M minextents 1 maxextents unlimited ); insert into test_1 select * from dba_objects;---执行多次 SQL> select count(*) from test_1; COUNT(*) ---------- 4649984 批量更新: DECLARE CURSOR cur IS SELECT a.ROWID from test_1 a ; V_COUNTER NUMBER; BEGIN V_COUNTER := 0; FOR row IN cur LOOP UPDATE test_1 SET OBJECT_ID = 9999 ,OBJECT_NAME='AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA' WHERE ROWID = row.ROWID ; V_COUNTER := V_COUNTER + 1; IF (V_COUNTER >= 10000) THEN COMMIT; V_COUNTER := 0; END IF; END LOOP; COMMIT; END; SQL> BEGIN DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(ownname => 'SCOTT', tabname => 'TEST_1', estimate_percent => 100, method_opt => 'for all columns size repeat', no_invalidate => FALSE, degree => 8, cascade => TRUE); END; 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 / PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。 SQL> show user USER 为 "SCOTT" SQL> set linesize 200 SQL> select owner , table_name , pct_free , pct_used , avg_row_len , num_rows , chain_cnt , chain_cnt/num_rows from dba_tables where table_name='TEST_1' order by chain_cnt desc; 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 OWNER TABLE_NAME PCT_FREE PCT_USED AVG_ROW_LEN NUM_ROWS CHAIN_CNT CHAIN_CNT/NUM_ROWS ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ SCOTT TEST_1 0 151 4649984 0 0 可以看到通过DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS无法搜集行迁移和行链接,需要使用ANALYZE TABLE SQL> analyze table TEST_1 compute statistics; 表已分析。 SQL> select owner , table_name , pct_free , pct_used , avg_row_len , num_rows , chain_cnt , chain_cnt/num_rows from dba_tables where table_name='TEST_1' order by chain_cnt desc; 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 OWNER TABLE_NAME PCT_FREE PCT_USED AVG_ROW_LEN NUM_ROWS CHAIN_CNT CHAIN_CNT/NUM_ROWS ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ SCOTT TEST_1 0 403 4649984 3642111 .783252372 SQL> select TABLE_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_tables where table_name='TEST_1'; TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ TEST_1 USERS SQL> alter table test_1 move; 表已更改。 SQL> select owner , table_name , pct_free , pct_used , avg_row_len , num_rows , chain_cnt , chain_cnt/num_rows from dba_tables where table_name='TEST_1' order by chain_cnt desc; 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 OWNER TABLE_NAME PCT_FREE PCT_USED AVG_ROW_LEN NUM_ROWS CHAIN_CNT CHAIN_CNT/NUM_ROWS ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ SCOTT TEST_1 0 403 4649984 3642111 .783252372 SQL> analyze table TEST_1 compute statistics; 表已分析。 SQL> select owner , table_name , pct_free , pct_used , avg_row_len , num_rows , chain_cnt , chain_cnt/num_rows from dba_tables where table_name='TEST_1' order by chain_cnt desc; 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 OWNER TABLE_NAME PCT_FREE PCT_USED AVG_ROW_LEN NUM_ROWS CHAIN_CNT CHAIN_CNT/NUM_ROWS ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ SCOTT TEST_1 0 416 4649984 0 0