Django part 5 ---Test

之前我的代码中是有bug的，贴出来看看

polls.models.py
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date_published')

    def was_published_recently(self):
        #return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.question_text
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
was_published_recently()是为了判断这个问题是不是在昨天到今天新提出来的，如果是一天前的就不是最新的了
但是我没有考虑将来时，因此如果是一个月之后提出来的呢，同要是返回True，这就错了

增加测试文件进行测试

polls.test.py
from django.test import TestCase
from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from polls.models import Question
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.test import Client

class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):
    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):

        time = timezone.now()+datetime.timedelta(days=30)                       //设定一个将来时
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)                               //将来的问题实例化
        self.assertEqual(future_question.was_published_recently(),False)        //判断将来的问题不是最新的问题

    def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):

        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=-30)                     //设定一个过去时
        old_question = Question(pub_date=time)                                   //过去的问题实例化
        self.assertEqual(old_question.was_published_recently(),False)            //判断过去的问题不是最新的

    def test_was_published_recently_with_recently_question(self):                

        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)                      //设定一个现在时
        recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)                                //现在的问题实例化
        self.assertEqual(recent_question.was_published_recently(),True)          //现在的问题是最新的问题
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
C:\work\pycharm\mysite>python manage.py test polls
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionMethodTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\work\pycharm\mysite\polls\tests.py", line 17, in test_was_published_recently_with_future
_question
    self.assertEqual(future_question.was_published_recently(),False)
AssertionError: True != False                                    //程序中返回的是True，与AssertionError中的False不一致提示错误

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.037s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

C:\work\pycharm\mysite>python manage.py test polls
Creating test database for alias 'default'...

更改原程序，修改将来时这个bug

polls.models.py
class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date_published')

    def was_published_recently(self):
        now = timezone.now()
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1)<= self.pub_date<=now
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.question_text
修改后再跑一次test， 程序中的值与assert所预判的值一致
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 test in 0.001s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

测试可以在shell中进行

C:\work\pycharm\mysite>python manage.py shell
Python 2.7.8 (default, Jun 30 2014, 16:03:49) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
>>> setup_test_environment()
>>> from django.test import Client
>>> client = Client()
>>> response = client.get('/')                                       //get url返回的东西
>>> response.status_code
404                                                                 //‘polls/’才有东西，光一个'/'是匹配不到url的
>>> from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
>>> response = client.get(reverse('polls:index')                    // http://127.0.0.1/polls/index
... )
>>> response.content
'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="en">\n<head>\n    <meta charset="UTF-8">\n    <title>index</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n\n    <ul>\n        \n        <li><a href="/polls/1">what weather</a>\n        </li>\n            <li
><a href ="/polls/1/">what weather</a></li>\n        \n    </ul>\n\n</body>\n</html>'
>>> from polls.models import Question
>>> from django.utils import timezone
>>> q= Question(question_text="who is your favorite job", pub_date=timezone.now())  //创建一个question
>>> q.save()
>>> response=client.get('/polls/')
>>> response.context['latest_question_list']                     //render_to_response返回的变量
[<Question: who is your favorite job>, <Question: what weather>]
通过测试模块可以取出值来，就能进行比较和判断

在一个程序中测试文件写的越多越好，这样就可以避免bug外泄，分别对views中的index 和detail方法进行测试

polls.test.py
class QuestionViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_index_view_with_no_question(self):                                                      //测试如果没有问题的处理
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))                                           //取得polls:index的响应
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200)                                                   //检查页面状态，没有question,页面仍然可以显示
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are avaliable.")                                     //没有question, 响应中的内容应包含 ”No polls are avaliable“
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'],[])                        //响应中的latest_question_list值应为0

    def test_index_view_with_a_past_question(self):                                                                 //测试问题是一个过去的question
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)                                                   //创建一个一个月前的问题
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))                                                          
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'],['<Question: Past question.>'])           //检查最新的问题是一个过去的问题，虽然这个问题不是最新的，但是存在的，程序里是最新的5个，现在只有一个，所以有返回值

    def test_index_view_with_a_future_question(self):                                                //测试问题是一个将来的问题
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)                                   //创建一个一个月之后的问题
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))                    
        self.assertContains(response,"No polls are avaliable.", status_code=200)                     //一个月这后的问题实际上是不存在的，页面应该显示”No polls are avaliable“
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'],[])                        //检查此时最新的问题应该是空，不存在

    def test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question(self):                                           //同时测试将来和过去的问题
        create_question(question_text="Past question", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Future question", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'],['<Question: Past question>'])        //只能返回过去的问题，不能显示将来的问题

    def test_index_view_with_two_past_question(self):                                                           //同时测试两个过去的问题
        create_question(question_text="Past question 1", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Past question 2", days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'],['<Question:Past question 2>'],['<Question: Past question 1>'])        //显示时应该先显示2，再显示1， 因为question2比question1要新

class QuestionIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
    def test_detail_view_with_a_future_question(self):                                                         //对将来问题的内容进行测试
        future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question', days=5) 
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_question.id)))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code,404)                                                             //因为没有将来的问题，所以页面出错

    def test_detail_view_with_a_past_question(self):                                                           //对过去问题的内容进行测试
        past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question',days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail',args=(past_question.id)))
        self.assertContains(response,past_question.question_text, status_code=200)                             //正常显示

通过这样的测试，可以测出程序中隐藏存在的问题，测试的内容想的越周到越好，测试的覆盖率越高越好，对每一个函数都要根据一定的测试方法进行测试