Netty4.0学习笔记系列之六:多种通讯协议支持

上文介绍了如何应用Netty开发自定义通讯协议,本文在此基础上进一步深化,研究如何同时支持不同的通讯协议。

此处所谓的通讯协议,指的是把Netty通讯管道中的二进制流转换为对象、把对象转换成二进制流的过程。转换过程追根究底还是ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler的实现类在进行处理。ChannelInboundHandler负责把二进制流转换为对象,ChannelOutboundHandler负责把对象转换为二进制流。

接下来要构建一个Server,同时支持Person通讯协议和String通讯协议。

  • Person通讯协议:二进制流与Person对象间的互相转换。
  • String通讯协议:二进制流与有固定格式要求的String的相互转换。String格式表示的也是一个Person对象,格式规定为:name:xx;age:xx;sex:xx;
这时候,来自客户端的请求,会依次传递给两个通讯解析接口进行解析,每个通讯接口判断是否是匹配的协议,如果是则进行解析,如果不是则传递给其它通讯接口进行解析。

实体类:Person
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Person implements Serializable{
	private static final long	serialVersionUID	= 1L;
	private String	name;
	private String	sex;
	private int		age;

	public String toString() {
		return "name:" + name + " sex:" + sex + " age:" + age;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

Server端的类为:Server PersonDecoder StringDecoder BusinessHandler
1、Server 开启Netty服务
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

// 测试coder 和 handler 的混合使用
public class Server {
	public void start(int port) throws Exception {
		EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		try {
			ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
			b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
					.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
						@Override
						public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
							ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonDecoder());
							ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
							ch.pipeline().addLast(new BusinessHandler());
						}
					}).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128).childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);

			ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();

			f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} finally {
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
			bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Server server = new Server();
		server.start(8000);
	}
}
2、PersonDecoder  把二进制流转换成Person对象
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;

import java.util.List;

import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes;
import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter;

public class PersonDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
	@Override
	protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
		byte n = "n".getBytes()[0];
		byte p = in.readByte();
		in.resetReaderIndex();
		if (n != p) {
			// 把读取的起始位置重置
			ByteBufToBytes reader = new ByteBufToBytes();
			out.add(ByteObjConverter.byteToObject(reader.read(in)));
		} else {
			// 执行其它的decode
			ctx.fireChannelRead(in);
		}
	}
}
3、StringDecoder 把满足条件的字符串转换成Person对象
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;

import java.util.List;

import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes;

public class StringDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
	@Override
	protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
		// 判断是否是String协议
		byte n = "n".getBytes()[0];
		byte p = in.readByte();
		// 把读取的起始位置重置
		in.resetReaderIndex();
		if (n == p) {
			ByteBufToBytes reader = new ByteBufToBytes();
			String msg = new String(reader.read(in));
			Person person = buildPerson(msg);
			out.add(person);
			//in.release();
		} else {
			ctx.fireChannelRead(in);
		}
	}

	private Person buildPerson(String msg) {
		Person person = new Person();
		String[] msgArray = msg.split(";|:");
		person.setName(msgArray[1]);
		person.setAge(Integer.parseInt(msgArray[3]));
		person.setSex(msgArray[5]);
		return person;
	}
}
4、BusinessHandler 展现客户端请求的内容
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class BusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
	private Logger	logger	= LoggerFactory.getLogger(BusinessHandler.class);

	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
		Person person = (Person) msg;
		logger.info("BusinessHandler read msg from client :" + person);
	}

	@Override
	public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		ctx.flush();
	}
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>// 解决注意事项1中的问题。
<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="white-space:pre">	</span>@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
		ctx.close();
	}
}
 
  
客户端1发送Person格式的协议:Client ClientInitHandler PersonEncoder
1、Client 
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class Client {
	public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

		try {
			Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); 
			b.group(workerGroup); 
			b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); 
			b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); 
			b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
				@Override
				public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
					ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonEncoder());
					Person person = new Person();
					person.setName("guowl");
					person.setSex("man");
					person.setAge(30);
					ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientInitHandler(person));
				}
			});

			ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
			f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} finally {
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Client client = new Client();
		client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000);
	}
}
2、ClientInitHandler 向服务端发送Person对象
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class ClientInitHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
	private static Logger	logger	= LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientInitHandler.class);
	private Person person;
	public ClientInitHandler(Person person){
		this.person = person;
	}
	@Override
	public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
		logger.info("ClientInitHandler.channelActive");
		ctx.write(person);
		ctx.flush();
	}
}
3、PersonEncoder 把Person对象转换成二进制进行传送
package com.guowl.testobjcoder;

import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;

public class PersonEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person>  {

	@Override
	protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
		out.writeBytes(ByteObjConverter.objectToByte(msg));
	}
}

客户端2发送String格式的协议:Client2 StringEncoder 同样使用了客户端1中定义的ClientInitHandler 进行数据发送操作。
1、Client2 
package com.guowl.testobjcoder.client2;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

import com.guowl.testobjcoder.ClientInitHandler;
import com.guowl.testobjcoder.Person;

public class Client2 {
	public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception {
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

		try {
			Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); 
			b.group(workerGroup); 
			b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); 
			b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); 
			b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
				@Override
				public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
					ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
					Person person = new Person();
					person.setName("guoxy");
					person.setSex("girl");
					person.setAge(4);
					ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientInitHandler(person));
				}
			});

			ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
			f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} finally {
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		}

	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Client2 client = new Client2();
		client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000);
	}
}
2、StringEncoder 把Person对象转换成固定格式的String的二进制流进行传送
package com.guowl.testobjcoder.client2;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;

import com.guowl.testobjcoder.Person;

public class StringEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> {

	@Override
	protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
		// 转成字符串:name:xx;age:xx;sex:xx;
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		sb.append("name:").append(msg.getName()).append(";");
		sb.append("age:").append(msg.getAge()).append(";");
		sb.append("sex:").append(msg.getSex()).append(";");
		out.writeBytes(sb.toString().getBytes());
	}
}

其它:工具类ByteBufToBytes(读取ByteBuf数据的工具类)、ByteObjConverter(Object与byte互转的工具类)在以前的文章中已经存在,在此省略。

注意事项:
1、该段代码能运行出结果,但是运行的时候会报 io.netty.util.IllegalReferenceCountException: refCnt: 0, decrement: 1 异常,已经解决。日志中的提示信息为:
An exceptionCaught() event was fired, and it reached at the tail of the pipeline. It usually means the last handler in the pipeline did not handle the exception
说明缺少exceptionCaught方法,在server端最后一个Handler中增加这个方法即可。
2、PersonDecoder和StringDecoder中有一个if判断,是为了判断消息究竟是什么协议。如果是String协议的话,格式是【name:xx;age:xx;sex:xx;】,第一个字母是英文字母n,所以判断协议类型时候是读取二进制流的第一个字符进行判断,当然这种判断方式非常幼稚,以后有机会可以进行改善。

版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。

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