上文介绍了如何应用Netty开发自定义通讯协议,本文在此基础上进一步深化,研究如何同时支持不同的通讯协议。
此处所谓的通讯协议,指的是把Netty通讯管道中的二进制流转换为对象、把对象转换成二进制流的过程。转换过程追根究底还是ChannelInboundHandler、ChannelOutboundHandler的实现类在进行处理。ChannelInboundHandler负责把二进制流转换为对象,ChannelOutboundHandler负责把对象转换为二进制流。
接下来要构建一个Server,同时支持Person通讯协议和String通讯协议。
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import java.io.Serializable; public class Person implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String name; private String sex; private int age; public String toString() { return "name:" + name + " sex:" + sex + " age:" + age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; // 测试coder 和 handler 的混合使用 public class Server { public void start(int port) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new BusinessHandler()); } }).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128).childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Server server = new Server(); server.start(8000); } }2、PersonDecoder 把二进制流转换成Person对象
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder; import java.util.List; import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes; import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter; public class PersonDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder { @Override protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception { byte n = "n".getBytes()[0]; byte p = in.readByte(); in.resetReaderIndex(); if (n != p) { // 把读取的起始位置重置 ByteBufToBytes reader = new ByteBufToBytes(); out.add(ByteObjConverter.byteToObject(reader.read(in))); } else { // 执行其它的decode ctx.fireChannelRead(in); } } }3、StringDecoder 把满足条件的字符串转换成Person对象
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder; import java.util.List; import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes; public class StringDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder { @Override protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception { // 判断是否是String协议 byte n = "n".getBytes()[0]; byte p = in.readByte(); // 把读取的起始位置重置 in.resetReaderIndex(); if (n == p) { ByteBufToBytes reader = new ByteBufToBytes(); String msg = new String(reader.read(in)); Person person = buildPerson(msg); out.add(person); //in.release(); } else { ctx.fireChannelRead(in); } } private Person buildPerson(String msg) { Person person = new Person(); String[] msgArray = msg.split(";|:"); person.setName(msgArray[1]); person.setAge(Integer.parseInt(msgArray[3])); person.setSex(msgArray[5]); return person; } }
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class BusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BusinessHandler.class); @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { Person person = (Person) msg; logger.info("BusinessHandler read msg from client :" + person); } @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ctx.flush(); }
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>// 解决注意事项1中的问题。
<pre name="code" class="java"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>@Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { ctx.close(); }}
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; public class Client { public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(workerGroup); b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonEncoder()); Person person = new Person(); person.setName("guowl"); person.setSex("man"); person.setAge(30); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientInitHandler(person)); } }); ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Client client = new Client(); client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000); } }
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class ClientInitHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientInitHandler.class); private Person person; public ClientInitHandler(Person person){ this.person = person; } @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { logger.info("ClientInitHandler.channelActive"); ctx.write(person); ctx.flush(); } }
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder; public class PersonEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> { @Override protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception { out.writeBytes(ByteObjConverter.objectToByte(msg)); } }
package com.guowl.testobjcoder.client2; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import com.guowl.testobjcoder.ClientInitHandler; import com.guowl.testobjcoder.Person; public class Client2 { public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(workerGroup); b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder()); Person person = new Person(); person.setName("guoxy"); person.setSex("girl"); person.setAge(4); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientInitHandler(person)); } }); ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Client2 client = new Client2(); client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000); } }
package com.guowl.testobjcoder.client2; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder; import com.guowl.testobjcoder.Person; public class StringEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> { @Override protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception { // 转成字符串:name:xx;age:xx;sex:xx; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.append("name:").append(msg.getName()).append(";"); sb.append("age:").append(msg.getAge()).append(";"); sb.append("sex:").append(msg.getSex()).append(";"); out.writeBytes(sb.toString().getBytes()); } }
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