RedHat下MySQL 5.6 安装、维护

准备环境：

RedHat 5系统、MySQL 5.6 rpm包

首先 上传mysql至服务器

1、 解压缩MySql

[[email protected]]# tar -xvf MySQL-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.tar

MySQL-client-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

MySQL-devel-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

MySQL-embedded-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

MySQL-server-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

MySQL-shared-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

MySQL-test-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

2、 安装MySQL-server包

[[email protected]]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

error:Failed dependencies:

MySQL conflicts with mysql-5.0.45-7.el5.i386

MySQL-serverconflicts with mysql-server-5.0.45-7.el5.i386

（安装失败，由于系统先前安装有mysql,把它卸载掉！再安装）

 [[email protected]]# rpm -e mysql-5.0.45-7.el5.i386 --nodeps

[[email protected]]# rpm -e mysql-server-5.0.45-7.el5.i386 –nodeps

[[email protected]]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

Preparing...        ########################################### [100%]

   1:MySQL-server  ###########################################[100%]

[[email protected]]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.2_m5-1.rhel5.i386.rpm

Preparing...          ########################################### [100%]

   1:MySQL-client    ########################################### [100%]

3、 启动mysql并设置登录密码

[[email protected]]# /etc/init.d/mysql start

StartingMySQL......[  OK  ]

[root@shiyue5 u01]# mysqladmin -u rootpassword "123456"

4、 登录mysql并创建数据库

[root@shiyue5~]# mysql -u root -p

Enterpassword:

Welcometo the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with; or \g.

YourMySQL connection id is 5

Serverversion: 5.6.2-m5 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 

Copyright(c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates.Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 

mysql>create database shiyue;

QueryOK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

5、 配置客户端连接

mysql>use mysql;

Readingtable information for completion of table and column names

Youcan turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

 

Database changed

mysql>grant all on *.* to root@"%" identified by "123456";

QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

通过对1042问题代码的查询，得出编辑/etc/my.cnf文件，在[mysqld]内添加一行skip-name-resolve

在/etc/目录下如没有my.cnf配置文件，则请到/usr/share/mysql/下找到*.cnf文件，拷贝其中的一个到/etc/并改名为my.cnf

[root@shiyue5~]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

[root@shiyue5~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

 

#Example MySQL config file for medium systems.

#

# Thisis for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays

# animportant part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with

#other programs (such as a web server)

#

#MySQL programs look for option files in a set of

#locations which depend on the deployment platform.

# Youcan copy this option file to one of those

#locations. For information about these locations, see:

#http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html

#

# Inthis file, you can use all long options that a program supports.

# Ifyou want to know which options a program supports, run the program

# withthe "--help" option.

 

# Thefollowing options will be passed to all MySQL clients

[client]

#password       = your_password

port            = 3306

socket          = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

 

# Herefollows entries for some specific programs

 

# TheMySQL server

[mysqld]

port            = 3306

socket          = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size= 16M

max_allowed_packet= 1M

table_open_cache= 64

sort_buffer_size= 512K

net_buffer_length= 8K

read_buffer_size= 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size= 512K

myisam_sort_buffer_size= 8M

skip-name-resolve

 

#Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,

# ifall processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

# Allinteraction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.

"/etc/my.cnf"145L, 4700C written

6、 重启mysql

[root@shiyue5~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart

Shuttingdown MySQL...[  OK  ]

Starting MySQL...[  OK  ]

 

7.防火墙设置

当我们试图远程连接时，可能出现“Host XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server”拒绝的连接的提示，这是没有设置防火墙的问题，增加3306端口的权限，实例如下：

#vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 138 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 139 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 445 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 23 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

增加一行3306的权限，修改后如下：

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 137 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 138 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 139 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 445 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 23 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT

保存退出

#service iptables restart

重新启动，使生效

8、 mysql数据库的日常维护管理

mysql>show databases;（显示数据库）

+--------------------+

|Database           |

+--------------------+

|information_schema |

|mysql              |

|performance_schema |

|shiyue             |

|test               |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>create database ddimcn;（创建数据库）

QueryOK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

 

mysql>use ddimcn  （打开库）

Databasechanged

mysql>show tables;  （显示表）

Emptyset (0.00 sec)

 

mysql>create table test (id int(10),name varchar(10));  （创建表）

QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

 

mysql>show tables;  （显示表）

+------------------+

|Tables_in_ddimcn |

+------------------+

|test             |

+------------------+

1row in set (0.01 sec)

 

mysql>describe test; （显示表结构）

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

|Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default| Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

|id    | int(10)     | YES |     | NULL    |      |

|name  | varchar(10) | YES  |     |NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2rows in set (0.17 sec)

       mysql> insert into test values(1,'zhangsan'); 插入数据

QueryOK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)

 

mysql>insert into test values (2,'lisi');

QueryOK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql>insert into test values (3,'wangwu');

QueryOK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>select * from test; 查询表中数据

+------+----------+

|id   | name     |

+------+----------+

|    1 | zhangsan |

|    2 | lisi    |

|    3 | wangwu  |

+------+----------+

3rows in set (0.00 sec)

        mysql>update test set name='york' where id=1; 更新数据

QueryOK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)

Rowsmatched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

 

mysql>select * from test;

+------+--------+

|id   | name   |

+------+--------+

|    1 | york  |

|    2 | lisi  |

|    3 | wangwu |

+------+--------+

3rows in set (0.00 sec)

9、 增加mysql用户

格式：grantselect on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 identified by "密码"
例1、增加一个用户user_1密码为123，让他可以在任何主机上登录，并对所有数据库有查询、插入、修改、删除的权限。首先用以root用户连入MySQL，然后键入以下命令：

mysql>grantselect,insert,update,delete on *.* to user_1@"%" Identified by"123";
例1增加的用户是十分危险的，如果知道了user_1的密码，那么他就可以在网上的任何一台电脑上登录你的MySQL数据库并对你的数据为所欲为了，解决办法见例2。

例2、增加一个用户user_2密码为123,让此用户只可以在localhost上登录，并可以对数据库aaa进行查询、插入、修改、删除的操作（localhost指本地主机，即MySQL数据库所在的那台主机），这样用户即使用知道user_2的密码，他也无法从网上直接访问数据库，只能通过 MYSQL主机来操作aaa库。
mysql>grant select,insert,update,delete on aaa.* to user_2@localhostidentified by "123";

10、 备份与恢复

[root@shiyue5 ~]# cd/var/lib/mysql/

[root@shiyue5 mysql]# ll

total 28776

-rw-rw---- 1 mysqlmysql       56 Aug 12 23:08 auto.cnf

drwx------ 2 mysqlmysql     4096 Aug 12 23:41 ddimcn

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql18874368 Aug 12 23:47 ibdata1

-rw-rw---- 1 mysqlmysql  5242880 Aug 12 23:47 ib_logfile0

-rw-rw---- 1 mysqlmysql  5242880 Aug 12 23:08 ib_logfile1

drwx--x--x 2 mysqlmysql     4096 Aug 12 22:52 mysql

-rw-rw---- 1 mysqlmysql     1107 Aug 12 23:47mysql-bin.000001

-rw-rw---- 1 mysqlmysql       19 Aug 12 23:34mysql-bin.index

srwxrwxrwx 1 mysqlmysql        0 Aug 12 23:34 mysql.sock

drwx------ 2 mysqlmysql     4096 Aug 12 22:52performance_schema

-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root      115 Aug 12 22:52 RPM_UPGRADE_HISTORY

-rw-r--r-- 1 mysqlmysql      115 Aug 12 22:52RPM_UPGRADE_MARKER-LAST

drwx------ 2 mysqlmysql     4096 Aug 12 23:11 shiyue

-rw-rw---- 1 mysqlroot      9318 Aug 12 23:34shiyue5.oracle.com.err

-rw-rw---- 1 mysqlmysql        5 Aug 12 23:34 shiyue5.oracle.com.pid

drwxr-xr-x 2 mysqlmysql     4096 Aug 12 22:52 test

[root@shiyue5 mysql]#mysqldump -p --opt ddimcn > back_ddimcn (备份)

Enter password:

[root@shiyue5 mysql]# mysql -u root -p ccc < back__ddimcn 恢复备份