ELK 日志分析平台搭建
主题简介:
处理日志是运维工作必不可少的一环。但是在规模化场景下，grep、awk 无法快速发挥作用，Hadoop 又更偏向于固定模式的离线统计。我们需要一种高效、灵活的日志分析方式，可以给故障处理，根源定位提供秒级的响应。基于全文搜索引擎 Lucene 构建的 ELKstack 平台，是目前开源界最接近该目标的实现。
Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana（ELK）是一套开源的日志管理方案，分析网站的访问情况时我们一般会借助Google/百度/CNZZ等方式嵌入JS做数据统计，但是当网站访问异常或者被攻击时我们需要在后台分析如Nginx的具体日志，而Nginx日志分割/GoAccess/Awstats都是相对简单的单节点解决方案，针对分布式集群或者数据量级较大时会显得心有余而力不足，而ELK的出现可以使我们从容面对新的挑战。
- Logstash：负责日志的收集，处理和储存
- Elasticsearch：负责日志检索和分析
- Kibana：负责日志的可视化
ELK 使用场景介绍
日志其实是运维工程师打交道很多很多的一个东西了。一般来说，日志有三个用途：
- 找问题，以数据为数据导向。
- 做监控
- 安全审计
目前Splunk是这个大数据分析领域的一枝独秀，上市到现在都已经百亿美元市值了。不过 Splunk 很贵，每GB高达4500美元。ELK 就是在这种场景下，用来替代 Splunk 的开源产品。
ELK stack是以Elasticsearch,Logstash,Kibana三个开源软件为主的数据处理工具链，三者通常是配合使用，而且又先后归于Elastic.co公司名下。
ELK stack 具有如下几个优点:
1.处理方式灵活。Elasticsearch是实时全文索引，不需要像Storm那样预先编程才能使用。
2.配置简易上手。Elasticsearch全部采用JSON接口，Logstash是Ruby DSL设计。
3.检索性能高效。虽然每次查询都是实时计算，但是优秀的设计和实现基本可以达到百亿级数据查询的秒级响应。
4.集群线性扩展。不管是Elasticsearch集群还是Logstash集群都是可以线性扩展的。
5.前端操作可视化便利。鼠标点击搜索即可完成搜索，聚合，生成仪表盘。
ELK架构:
部署机器:
服务端：
dev-vhost031 10.59.74.54 ( logstash-1.5.4，elasticsearch-1.7.1，kibana-4.1.1 )
客户端:
dev-vhost011 10.59.74.33 (logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1)
目的,将客户端zabbix server 访问日志在ELK中展示.
安装ELK：
服务端:
设置FQDN(创建SSL证书的时候需要配置FQDN)：
[root@dev-vhost011 ~]# hostname dev-vhost011 [root@dev-vhost011 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 10.59.74.54 elk.test.com elk
安装Java 1.8:
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.6 (Final) [root@dev-vhost031 elk]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 [root@dev-vhost031 elk]# java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_65" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_65-b17) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.65-b01, mixed mode)
安装 elasticsearch-1.7.1:
#下载安装 [root@dev-vhost031 elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.1.noarch.rpm #启动相关服务 [root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch start [root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/elasticsearch stop #查看elasticsearch配置文件 [root@dev-vhost031 elk]# rpm -qc elasticsearch /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml /etc/elasticsearch/logging.yml /etc/init.d/elasticsearch /etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch /usr/lib/sysctl.d/elasticsearch.conf /usr/lib/systemd/system/elasticsearch.service /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/elasticsearch.conf #查看端口使用情况 [root@dev-vhost031 elk]# netstat -tunlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 :::9300 :::* LISTEN 14585/java tcp 0 0 :::9200 :::* LISTEN 14585/java
安装Kibana 4.1.1:
#下载tar包
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
#解压
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# pwd
/data1/elk
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# tar xf kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# ln -s /data1/elk/kibana-4.1.1-linux-x64 kibana
#创建kibana服务
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# cat /etc/init.d/kibana
#!/bin/bash
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: kibana
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Runs kibana daemon
# Description: Runs the kibana daemon as a non-root user
### END INIT INFO
# Process name
NAME=kibana
DESC="Kibana4"
PROG="/etc/init.d/kibana"
# Configure location of Kibana bin
KIBANA_BIN=/data1/elk/kibana/bin #注意路径
# PID Info
PID_FOLDER=/var/run/kibana/
PID_FILE=/var/run/kibana/$NAME.pid
LOCK_FILE=/var/lock/subsys/$NAME
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:$KIBANA_BIN
DAEMON=$KIBANA_BIN/$NAME
# Configure User to run daemon process
DAEMON_USER=root
# Configure logging location
KIBANA_LOG=/var/log/kibana.log
# Begin Script
RETVAL=0
if [ `id -u` -ne 0 ]; then
echo "You need root privileges to run this script"
exit 1
fi
# Function library
. /etc/init.d/functions
start() {
echo -n "Starting $DESC : "
pid=`pidofproc -p $PID_FILE kibana`
if [ -n "$pid" ] ; then
echo "Already running."
exit 0
else
# Start Daemon
if [ ! -d "$PID_FOLDER" ] ; then
mkdir $PID_FOLDER
fi
daemon --user=$DAEMON_USER --pidfile=$PID_FILE $DAEMON 1>"$KIBANA_LOG" 2>&1 &
sleep 2
pidofproc node > $PID_FILE
RETVAL=$?
[[ $? -eq 0 ]] && success || failure
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch $LOCK_FILE
return $RETVAL
fi
}
reload()
{
echo "Reload command is not implemented for this service."
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n "Stopping $DESC : "
killproc -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f $PID_FILE $LOCK_FILE
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p $PID_FILE $DAEMON
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
reload)
reload
;;
*)
# Invalid Arguments, print the following message.
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}" >&2
exit 2
;;
esac
#修改启动权限
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/kibana
#启动kibana服务
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/kibana start
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# /etc/init.d/kibana status
#查看端口
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5601(默认，可以改为80) 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15128/node
安装logstash 1.5.4
#下载安装
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/packages/centos/logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm
[root@dev-vhost031 elk]# yum localinstall logstash-1.5.4-1.noarch.rpm
#设置ssl，之前设置的FQDN是elk.test.com
[root@dev-vhost031 tls]# pwd
/etc/pki/tls
[root@dev-vhost031 tls]# openssl req -subj '/CN=elk.test.com/' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt
[root@dev-vhost031 certs]# pwd
/etc/pki/tls/certs
[root@dev-vhost031 certs]# ls -l logstash-forwarder.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1103 Nov 23 22:46 logstash-forwarder.crt
#创建一个01-logstash-initial.conf文件
[root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# cat 01-logstash-initial.conf
input {
lumberjack {
port => 5000
type => "logs"
ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"
ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key"
}
}
filter {
if [type] == "syslog" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" }
add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]
add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]
}
syslog_pri { }
date {
match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
}
}
if [type] == "nginx" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}" }
}
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
index => "zabbix-access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
host => localhost
}
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
#启动logstash服务
[root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# /etc/init.d/logstash start
[root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# /etc/init.d/logstash stop
#查看端口 [root@dev-vhost031 conf.d]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 :::9301 :::* LISTEN 4381/java
tcp 0 0 :::5000 :::* LISTEN 4381/java
#启动客户端logstash（后面会讲解客户端）
[root@dev-vhost011 ~]# /etc/init.d/logstash-forwarder start
[root@dev-vhost011 ~]# /etc/init.d/logstash-forwarder status
#访问kibana
http://10.59.74.54:5601/
#增加节点和客户端配置一样,注意同步证书
/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt
客户端安装logstash-forwarder :
#安装客户端
[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash-forwarder/binaries/logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# yum localinstall logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
#查看配置文件
[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# rpm -qc logstash-forwarder
/etc/logstash-forwarder.conf
#备份配置文件
[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# cp /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf.save
#编辑配置文件
[root@dev-vhost011 opt]# cat /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf
{
"network": {
"servers": [ "elk.test.com:5000" ],
"ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt",
"timeout": 15
},
"files": [
{
"paths": [
"/var/log/messages",
"/var/log/secure"
],
"fields": { "type": "syslog" }
}, {
"paths": [
"/var/log/nginx/log/zabbix.access.log"
],
"fields": { "type": "nginx" }
}
]
}
配置nginx 策略
#服务端增加patterns
[root@dev-vhost031 ]# mkdir /opt/logstash/patterns/
[root@dev-vhost031 patterns]# cat nginx
NGUSERNAME [a-zA-Z\.\@\-\+_%]+
NGUSER %{NGUSERNAME}
NGINXACCESS %{IPORHOST:remote_addr} - - \[%{HTTPDATE:time_local}\] "%{WORD:method} %{URIPATH:path}(?:%{URIPARAM:param})? HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{INT:status} %{INT:body_bytes_sent} %{QS:http_referer} %{QS:http_user_agent}
#官网pattern的debug在线工具
https://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/
#修改logstash权限
[root@dev-vhost031 patterns]# chown -R logstash:logstash /opt/logstash/patterns/
#修改服务端配置
[root@dev-vhost031 patterns]# cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-logstash-initial.conf
input {
lumberjack {
port => 5000
type => "logs"
ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt"
ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key"
}
}
filter {
if [type] == "syslog" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:syslog_timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:syslog_hostname} %{DATA:syslog_program}(?:\[%{POSINT:syslog_pid}\])?: %{GREEDYDATA:syslog_message}" }
add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ]
add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ]
}
syslog_pri { }
date {
match => [ "syslog_timestamp", "MMM d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
}
}
if [type] == "nginx" {
grok {
match => { "message" => "%{NGINXACCESS}" }
}
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
index => "zabbix-access-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
host => localhost
}
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
} 修改Kibana端口
[root@dev-vhost031 config]# pwd /data1/elk/kibana/config [root@dev-vhost031 config]# cat kibana.yml | grep port # Kibana is served by a back end server. This controls which port to use. #port: 5601 port: 80
http://10.59.74.54
参考:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-logstash-and-kibana-to-centralize-logs-on-centos-6
http://blog.csdn.net/longxibendi/article/details/35237543/
https://www.elastic.co/guide