Libnet核心数据结构
http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/114769/showart_2236587.html
Libnet入门学习
http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/114769/showart_2236590.html
利用libnet创建新的网络包结构
http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/114769/showart_2236592.html
libnet提供的接口函数按其作用可分为四类:
* 内存管理(分配和释放)函数
* 地址解析函数
* 数据包构造函数
* 数据包发送函数
以下分别列出这些接口函数及其功能(其参数含义简单易懂,不再解释):
★ 内存管理函数
单数据包内存初始化:
int libnet_init_packet(u_short packet_size, u_char **buf);
单数据包内存释放:
void libnet_destroy_packet(u_char **buf);
多数据包内存初始化:
int libnet_init_packet_arena(struct libnet_arena **arena,
u_short packet_num, u_short packet_size);
访问多数据包内存中的下一个数据包:
u_char *libnet_next_packet_from_arena(struct libnet_arena **arena,
u_short packet_size);
多数据包内存释放:
void libnet_destroy_packet_arena(struct libnet_arena **arena);
★ 地址解析函数
解析主机名:
u_char *libnet_host_lookup(u_long ip, u_short use_name);
解析主机名(可重入函数):
void libnet_host_lookup_r(u_long ip, u_short use_name, u_char *buf);
域名解析:
u_long libnet_name_resolve(u_char *ip, u_short use_name);
获取接口设备IP地址:
u_long libnet_get_ipaddr(struct libnet_link_int *l,
const u_char *device, const u_char *ebuf);
获取接口设备硬件地址:
struct ether_addr *libnet_get_hwaddr(struct libnet_link_int *l,
const u_char *device,
const u_char *ebuf);
★ 数据包构造函数
ARP协议数据包:
int libnet_build_arp(u_short hrdw, u_short prot, u_short h_len,
u_short p_len, u_short op, u_char *s_ha,
u_char *s_pa, u_char *t_ha, u_char *t_pa,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
DNS协议数据包:
int libnet_build_dns(u_short id, u_short flags, u_short num_q,
u_short num_answ_rr, u_short num_auth_rr,
u_short num_add_rr, const u_char * payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
以太网协议数据包:
int libnet_build_ethernet(u_char *daddr, u_char *saddr, u_short id,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP协议数据包(ICMP_ECHO / ICMP_ECHOREPLY):
int libnet_build_icmp_echo(u_char type, u_char code, u_short id,
u_short seq, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP协议数据包(ICMP_MASKREQ / ICMP_MASKREPLY):
int libnet_build_icmp_mask(u_char type, u_char code, u_short id,
u_short seq, u_long mask,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP协议数据包(ICMP_UNREACH):
int libnet_build_icmp_unreach(u_char type, u_char code,
u_short orig_len, u_char orig_tos,
u_short orig_id, u_short orig_frag,
u_char orig_ttl, u_char orig_prot,
u_long orig_saddr, u_long orig_daddr,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP协议数据包(ICMP_TIMEXCEED):
int libnet_build_icmp_timeexceed(u_char type, u_char code,
u_short orig_len, u_char orig_tos,
u_short orig_id, u_short orig_frag,
u_char orig_ttl, u_char orig_prot,
u_long orig_saddr, u_long orig_daddr,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP协议数据包(ICMP_REDIRECT):
int libnet_build_icmp_redirect(u_char type, u_char code, u_long gateway,
u_short orig_len, u_char orig_tos,
u_short orig_id, u_short orig_frag,
u_char orig_ttl, u_char orig_prot,
u_long orig_saddr, u_long orig_daddr,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
ICMP协议数据包(ICMP_TSTAMP / ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY):
int libnet_build_icmp_timestamp(u_char type, u_char code, u_short id,
u_short seq, n_time otime, n_time rtime,
n_time ttime, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
IGMP协议数据包:
int libnet_build_igmp(u_char type, u_char code, u_long ip,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
IP协议数据包:
int libnet_build_ip(u_short len, u_char tos, u_short ip_id, u_short frag,
u_char ttl, u_char protocol, u_long saddr,
u_long daddr, const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包:
int libnet_build_ospf(u_short len, u_char type, u_long router_id,
u_long area_id, u_short auth_type,
const char *payload, int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(Hello):
int libnet_build_ospf_hello(u_long netmask, u_short interval,
u_char options, u_char priority,
u_int dead_interval, u_long des_router,
u_long backup, u_long neighbor,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(DataBase Description (DBD)):
int libnet_build_ospf_dbd(u_short len, u_char options, u_char type,
u_int sequence_num, const char *payload,
int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(Link State Request (LSR)):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsr(u_int type, u_int ls_id, u_long adv_router,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(Link State Update (LSU)):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsu(u_int num, const char *payload,
int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(Link State Acknowledgement (LSA)):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa(u_short age, u_char options, u_char type,
u_int ls_id, u_long adv_router,
u_int sequence_num, u_short len,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(OSPF Link Sate NetworkLink State Router):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_net(u_long netmask, u_int router_id,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(Link State Router):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_rtr(u_short flags, u_short num, u_int id,
u_int data, u_char type, u_char tos,
u_short metric, const char *payload,
int payload_s, u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(Link State Summary):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_sum(u_long netmask, u_int metric, u_int tos,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
OSPF路由协议数据包(Link State AS External):
int libnet_build_ospf_lsa_as(u_long netmask, u_int metric,
u_long fwd_addr, u_int tag,
const char *payload, int payload_s,
u_char *buf);
RIP路由协议数据包:
int libnet_build_rip(u_char cmd, u_char ver, u_short domain,
u_short addr_fam, u_short route_tag, u_long ip,
u_long mask, u_long next_hop, u_long metric,
const u_char *payload, int payload_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
TCP协议数据包:
int libnet_build_tcp(u_short th_sport, u_short th_dport, u_long th_seq,
u_long th_ack, u_char th_flags, u_short th_win,
u_short th_urg, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
UDP协议数据包:
int libnet_build_udp(u_short sport, u_short dport, const u_char *payload,
int payload_len, u_char *packet_buf);
IP协议数据包选项:
int libnet_insert_ipo(struct ipoption *opt, u_char opt_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
TCP协议数据包选项:
int libnet_insert_tcpo(struct tcpoption *opt, u_char opt_len,
u_char *packet_buf);
★ 数据包发送函数
打开raw socket:
int libnet_open_raw_sock(int protocol);
关闭raw socket:
int libnet_close_raw_sock(int socket);
选择接口设备:
int libnet_select_device(struct sockaddr_in *sin,
u_char **device, u_char *ebuf);
打开链路层接口设备:
struct libnet_link_int *libnet_open_link_interface(char *device,
char *ebuf);
关闭链路层接口设备:
int libnet_close_link_interface(struct libnet_link_int *l);
发送IP数据包:
int libnet_write_ip(int socket, u_char *packet, int packet_size);
发送链路层数据包:
int libnet_write_link_layer(struct libnet_link_int *l,
const u_char *device, u_char *packet,
int packet_size);
检验和计算:
int libnet_do_checksum(u_char *packet, int protocol, int packet_size);
★ 相关的支持函数
随机数种子生成器:
int libnet_seed_prand();
获取随机数:
u_long libnet_get_prand(int modulus);
16进制数据输出:
void libnet_hex_dump(u_char * buf, int len, int swap, FILE *stream);
端口列表链初始化:
int libnet_plist_chain_new(struct libnet_plist_chain **plist,
char *token_list);
获取端口列表链的下一项(端口范围):
int libnet_plist_chain_next_pair(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist,
u_short *bport, u_short *eport);
端口列表链输出显示:
int libnet_plist_chain_dump(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist);
获取端口列表链:
u_char *libnet_plist_chain_dump_string(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist);
端口列表链内存释放:
void libnet_plist_chain_free(struct libnet_plist_chain *plist);
=====================================================================================
“ linux下,对link层的访问都是基于AF_PACKET socket的,与BSD的bpf使用设备/dev/pf有所不同,不管是pcap和libnet的实现都是如此。另外libnet和pcap都存在 windows版本,不要将两者与winpcap混淆,还有就是libnet只能发包,pcap只能抓包,winpcap则是收发都能做到。当然 libnet和pcap在windows中与winpcap的底层都所以一样的。”
libpcap 与libnet可以说是,网络TCP/IP协议族数据包处理的一阴一阳,一个用于抓取数据包,一个用于产生和发送数据包。一个数据包的建立一般分为以下几步:
一.libnet_init()
建立libnet上下文,以下的所有构造数据包的操作基本上都是围绕它进行的。
二.libnet_built_xxx()。在libnet中,建立一个完整的数据包是分步,由高层到低层进行的。如图所示,
建立一个udp数据包并封装成以太网帧,要经过三个步骤,其实也就是要依次调用:
1. libnet_build_udp()
2. libnet_build_ipv4()
3. libnet_build_ethernet()
以上每一个函数都在pblock链表中建立对应协议的pblock(协议块)。
在每一个libnet_built_xxx()中依次调用了三个函数:
1.libnet_pblock_probe(),根据协议块标签ptag数据是否为0调用libnet_pblock_new()来创建新的协议块或者调用lib_pblock_find()来更新已经存在的标签为ptag的协议块。
2.libnet_pblock_append(),将协议头数据挂载到协议块的buf中,修改copied字段,指明已经使用的buf
3.libnet_pblock_update(),获取ptag,填充协议块的其他字段。
三.libnet_write()
此函数调用了libnet_pblock_coalesce(),将所有协议块组建为一个可以发送的数据包(数据帧)。根据开始时设置的发送模式调用不同的socket发送数据。
有些问题笔者没有了解清楚,比如在创建arp数据包的时候为什么要多次调用libnet_pblock_append(),只是完成组建一个arp 头,这样效率就会很低,完全可以组建好整个数据包头以后,一次挂载即可。这里只是笔者的猜测。另外为什么在使用高级模式的时候要调用两次 libnet_pblock_coalesce()。所以这里只能是蜻蜓点水。
详细的讲解请看libnet作者写的 :The Evolution of libnet这篇文章。