1.5.代码示例
下面我们会以android实例来展示对应的功能,程序界面于下:
程序代码如下,后面部分有代码说明:
package com.android.messageexample; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Looper; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; public class MessageExample extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private final int WC = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT; private final int FP = LinearLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT; public TextView tv; private EventHandler mHandler; private Handler mOtherThreadHandler=null; private Button btn, btn2, btn3, btn4, btn5, btn6; private NoLooperThread noLooerThread = null; private OwnLooperThread ownLooperThread = null; private ReceiveMessageThread receiveMessageThread =null; private Context context = null; private final String sTag = "MessageExample"; private boolean postRunnable = false; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); context = this.getApplicationContext(); LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this); layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL); btn = new Button(this); btn.setId(101); btn.setText("message from main thread self"); btn.setOnClickListener(this); LinearLayout.LayoutParams param = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(250,50); param.topMargin = 10; layout.addView(btn, param); btn2 = new Button(this); btn2.setId(102); btn2.setText("message from other thread to main thread"); btn2.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn2, param); btn3 = new Button(this); btn3.setId(103); btn3.setText("message to other thread from itself"); btn3.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn3, param); btn4 = new Button(this); btn4.setId(104); btn4.setText("message with Runnable as callback from other thread to main thread"); btn4.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn4, param); btn5 = new Button(this); btn5.setId(105); btn5.setText("main thread's message to other thread"); btn5.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn5, param); btn6 = new Button(this); btn6.setId(106); btn6.setText("exit"); btn6.setOnClickListener(this); layout.addView(btn6, param); tv = new TextView(this); tv.setTextColor(Color.WHITE); tv.setText(""); LinearLayout.LayoutParams param2 = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(FP, WC); param2.topMargin = 10; layout.addView(tv, param2); setContentView(layout); //主线程要发送消息给other thread, 这里创建那个other thread receiveMessageThread = new ReceiveMessageThread(); receiveMessageThread.start(); } //implement the OnClickListener interface @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch(v.getId()){ case 101: //主线程发送消息给自己 Looper looper; looper = Looper.myLooper(); //get the Main looper related with the main thread //如果不给任何参数的话会用当前线程对应的Looper(这里就是Main Looper)为Handler里面的成员mLooper赋值 mHandler = new EventHandler(looper); //mHandler = new EventHandler(); // 清除整个MessageQueue里的消息 mHandler.removeMessages(0); String obj = "This main thread's message and received by itself!"; //得到Message对象 Message m = mHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, obj); // 将Message对象送入到main thread的MessageQueue里面 mHandler.sendMessage(m); break; case 102: //other线程发送消息给主线程 postRunnable = false; noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread(); noLooerThread.start(); break; case 103: //other thread获取它自己发送的消息 tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message"); ownLooperThread = new OwnLooperThread(); ownLooperThread.start(); break; case 104: //other thread通过Post Runnable方式发送消息给主线程 postRunnable = true; noLooerThread = new NoLooperThread(); noLooerThread.start(); break; case 105: //主线程发送消息给other thread if(null!=mOtherThreadHandler){ tv.setText("please look at the error level log for other thread received message from main thread"); String msgObj = "message from mainThread"; Message mainThreadMsg = mOtherThreadHandler.obtainMessage(1, 1, 1, msgObj); mOtherThreadHandler.sendMessage(mainThreadMsg); } break; case 106: finish(); break; } } class EventHandler extends Handler { public EventHandler(Looper looper) { super(looper); } public EventHandler() { super(); } public void handleMessage(Message msg) { //可以根据msg.what执行不同的处理,这里没有这么做 switch(msg.what){ case 1: tv.setText((String)msg.obj); break; case 2: tv.setText((String)msg.obj); noLooerThread.stop(); break; case 3: //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息 Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj); ownLooperThread.stop(); break; default: //不能在非主线程的线程里面更新UI,所以这里通过Log打印收到的消息 Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj); break; } } } //NoLooperThread class NoLooperThread extends Thread{ private EventHandler mNoLooperThreadHandler; public void run() { Looper myLooper, mainLooper; myLooper = Looper.myLooper(); mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数 String obj; if(myLooper == null){ mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper); obj = "NoLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!"; } else { mNoLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper); obj = "This is from NoLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!"; } mNoLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0); if(false == postRunnable){ //send message to main thread Message m = mNoLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(2, 1, 1, obj); mNoLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m); Log.e(sTag, "NoLooperThread id:" + this.getId()); }else{ //下面new出来的实现了Runnable接口的对象中run函数是在Main Thread中执行,不是在NoLooperThread中执行 //注意Runnable是一个接口,它里面的run函数被执行时不会再新建一个线程 //您可以在run上加断点然后在eclipse调试中看它在哪个线程中执行 mNoLooperThreadHandler.post(new Runnable(){ @Override public void run() { tv.setText("update UI through handler post runnalbe mechanism!"); noLooerThread.stop(); } }); } } } //OwnLooperThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare(); class OwnLooperThread extends Thread{ private EventHandler mOwnLooperThreadHandler; public void run() { Looper.prepare(); Looper myLooper, mainLooper; myLooper = Looper.myLooper(); mainLooper = Looper.getMainLooper(); //这是一个static函数 String obj; if(myLooper == null){ mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(mainLooper); obj = "OwnLooperThread has no looper and handleMessage function executed in main thread!"; } else { mOwnLooperThreadHandler = new EventHandler(myLooper); obj = "This is from OwnLooperThread self and handleMessage function executed in NoLooperThread!"; } mOwnLooperThreadHandler.removeMessages(0); //给自己发送消息 Message m = mOwnLooperThreadHandler.obtainMessage(3, 1, 1, obj); mOwnLooperThreadHandler.sendMessage(m); Looper.loop(); } } //ReceiveMessageThread has his own message queue by execute Looper.prepare(); class ReceiveMessageThread extends Thread{ public void run() { Looper.prepare(); mOtherThreadHandler = new Handler(){ public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Log.e(sTag, (String)msg.obj); } }; Looper.loop(); } } }
使用Looper.myLooper静态方法可以取得当前线程的Looper对象。
使用mHandler = new EevntHandler(Looper.myLooper()); 可建立用来处理当前线程的Handler对象;其中,EevntHandler是Handler的子类。
使用mHandler = new EevntHandler(Looper.getMainLooper()); 可建立用来处理main线程的Handler对象;其中,EevntHandler是Handler的子类。
1.5.1.主线程给自己发送消息示例
主线程发送消息:
在onClick的case 101中创建一个继承自Handler的EventHandler对象,然后获取一个消息,然后通过EventHandler对象调用sendMessage把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。主线程由系统创建,系统会给它建立一个Looper对象和MessageQueue,所以可以接收消息。这里只要根据主线程的Looper对象初始化EventHandler对象,就可以通过EventHandler对象发送消息到主线程的消息队列中。
主线程处理消息:
这里是通过EventHandler的handleMessage函数处理的,其中收到的Message对象中what值为一的消息就是发送给它的,然后把消息里面附带的字符串在TextView上显示出来。
1.5.2.其他线程给主线程发送消息示例
其他线程发送消息(这里是说不使用Runnable作为callback的消息):
首先postRunnable设为false,表示不通过Runnable方式进行消息相关的操作。然后启动线程noLooerThread, 然后以主线程的Looper对象为参数建立EventHandler的对象mNoLooperThreadHandler,然后获取一个Message并把一个字符串赋值给它的一个成员obj,然后通过mNoLooperThreadHandler把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。
主线程处理消息:
这里是通过EventHandler的handleMessage函数处理的,其中收到的Message对象中what值为二的消息就是上面发送给它的,然后把消息里面附带的字符串在TextView上显示出来。
1.5.3.其他线程给自己发送消息示例
其他线程发送消息:
其他非主线程建立后没有自己的Looper对象,所以也没有MessageQueue,需要给非主线程发送消息时需要建立MessageQueue以便接收消息。下面说明如何给自己建立MessageQueue和Looper对象。从OwnLooperThread的run函数中可以看见有一个Looper.prepare()调用,这个就是用来建立非主线程的MessageQueue和Looper对象的。
所以这里的发送消息过程是建立线程mOwnLooperThread,然后线程建立自己的Looper和MessageQueue对象,然后根据上面建立的Looper对象建立对应的EventHandler对象mOwnLooperThreadHandler,然后由mOwnLooperThreadHandler建立消息并且发送到自己的MessageQueue里面。
其他线程处理接收的消息:
线程要接收消息需要在run函数中调用Looper.loop(),然后loop函数会从MessageQueue中取出消息交给对应的Handler对象mOwnLooperThreadHandler处理,在mOwnLooperThreadHandler的handleMessage函数中会把Message对象中what值为三的消息(上面发送的消息)在Log中打印出来,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。
1.5.4.其他线程以Runnable为消息参数给主线程发送消息示例
其他线程发送消息(这里是说使用Runnable作为callback的消息):
首先postRunnable设为true,表示通过Runnable方式进行消息相关的操作。然后启动线程noLooerThread, 然后以主线程的Looper对象为参数建立EventHandler的对象mNoLooperThreadHandler,然后获取一个Message并把一个字符串赋值给它的一个成员obj,然后通过mNoLooperThreadHandler把消息发送到主线程的MessageQueue中。
主线程处理消息:
主线程收到上面发送的Message后直接运行上面Runnable对象中的run函数进行相应的操作。run函数通过Log打印一个字符串,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。
1.5.5.主线程给其他线程发送消息示例
主线程发送消息:
这里首先要求线程receiveMessageThread运行(在onCreate函数中完成),并且准备好自己的Looper和MessageQueue(这个通过ReceiveMessageThread中的run函数中的Looper.prepare()调用完成),然后根据建立的Looper对象初始化Handler对象mOtherThreadHandler。然后在onClick的case 105中由mOtherThreadHandler建立一个消息(消息中有一个字符串对象)并且发送到线程receiveMessageThread中的MessageQueue中。
其他线程处理接收的消息:
线程要接收消息需要在run函数中调用Looper.loop(),然后loop函数会从MessageQueue中取出消息交给对应的Handler对象mOtherThreadHandler处理,在mOtherThreadHandler的handleMessage函数中会把Message对象中的字符串对象在Log中打印出来,可以通过Logcat工具查看log。