GDI+ for VCL基础 -- GDI+ 与 VCL

陆续写了十几篇关于《GDI+Delphi程序的应用》的文章后,应几个小友来信要求,将我所使用的GDI+for VCL,包括DelphiC++Builder版发布在了csdn的资源下载区。

GDI+ C语言版本同时GDI+ for VCL版本2010.7.10修改版下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/source/2737743

其中的Delphi版与目前网上流通的版本不完全兼容;而C++Builder本来自带有C++版的Gdiplus,但由于与VCL有些冲突,使用起来较麻烦,所以本人参照Delphi版完全重新写了一个供C++Builder使用的VCL版(开源的),本BLOG中的有关GDI+的Delphi例子很容易就移植到C++Builder。

下面就GDI+ for VCL的一些特点作简单介绍:

GDI+是伴随Windows XP系统出现的增强性图形设备接口子系统,除了一整套API外,还提供了几十个C++类和大量的数据类型,同传统的Win32 GDI相比,GDI+不仅优化和扩展了GDI,而且使得使用C/C++开发Windows程序图形界面更容易操作。但是,对于Delphi和C++Builder所共用的VCL来说,由于VCL通过TCanvas、TBitmap和TImage等及其相关的类,把传统的GDI封装的几乎无可挑剔,类似C++的GDI+类,在易操作上就没什么优势可言了。但是,要想把GDI+封装成完全的VCL风格也存在几个问题:
1、正是由于VCL对GDI良好的封装,VCL所有与界面和图形有关的类对GDI存在严重的依赖性,即使GDI+封装成完全的VCL风格,也无法“插足”已有的界面和图形类,充其量只能起到“敲敲边鼓”的辅助作用,所以把GDI+封装成完全的VCL风格意义不大,除非GDI+为主,完全重构原有的界面和图形类;
2、现有大量的C++、.NET有关GDI+的代码移植到Delphi(C++Builser)时,结构修改量太大,而且对于已经熟悉C++或者.NET GDI+的人来说,重新掌握新的VCL风格无疑是痛苦的;
3、GDI+的坐标计量类型有整数和实数2套,如果按VCL风格写,势必要舍弃一套,保留整数型当然是最好的,但这2套类型又都不那么完整,整数型更是个半吊子系统。
鉴于以上原因,无论是目前网上流通的GDI+ for Delphi版本,还是本人改写的GDI+ for VCL,都基本采用了原C++类风格,甚至于.net的GDI+版本也与.net其它类风格不一样,更多的保留了原C++风格(就我个人的看法,不知什么原因,GDI+ for C++版本无论是架构设计,还是代码水平,其实都很差,同C++的STL没法比)。
当然,同网上流通的GDI+ for Delphi版本比,我改写的GDI+ for VCL版本并没有完全照搬原C++代码,兼顾了部分VCL和.NET风格,比如加入了VCL异常、布尔类型和绝大部分枚举和集合类型都采用了VCL风格、增加了.NET风格的Pens和Brushs等全局变量(C++Builder)或者全局函数(Delphi)。
GDI+ for VCL的所有类(不包括TPens和TBrushs)都派生于TGdiplusBase:
TCloneAPI = function(Native:GpNative;varclone:GpNative):TStatus;stdcall;

TGdiplusBase
= class (TObject)
private
FNative:GpNative;
protected
constructorCreateClone(SrcNative:GpNative;clonefunc:TCloneAPI
= nil);
propertyNative:GpNativereadFNativewriteFNative;
public
constructorCreate;
class functionNewInstance:TObject; override ;
procedureFreeInstance;
override ;
end;

原C++的GdiplusBase只是重载了new和delete操作符,分别以GDI+的GdipAlloc和GdipFree替换了原系统默认的内存分配和释放方法,而TGdiplusBase也相应的重载了TObject的NewInstance方法和FreeInstance方法(其实在不重载也能正常运行);

在TGdiplusBase中有个保护的GpNative(指针)类型的成员Native(Delphi中说明为属性,C++builder直接说明为数据成员),供所用派生类使用(原C++类将这个成员分散说明在各个类中),这个数据成员就是Gdiplus.dll内部使用的类指针,GDI+类都是通过对应的内部类指针对Dll Exports函数的调用实现的(假如你讨厌GDI+的类,你完全可以抛开它们而直接使用指针操作原始的Dll Exports函数);

至于TGdiplusBase构造方法CreateClone则是我为了简化派生类的Clone方法所提供的基类保护方法。

GDI+ for VCL定义了一个异常类EGdiplusException:

EGdiplusException = class (Exception)
private
FGdipError:TStatus;
functionGetGdipErrorString:
string ;
public
constructorCreateStatus(Status:TStatus);
propertyGdipError:TStatusreadFGdipError;
propertyGdipErrorString:
string readGetGdipErrorString;
end;

除各类的析构方法外,其它类方法都使用了异常检查,这使得GDI+ for VCL代码同原C++代码和目前流通的GDI+ for Delphi比,更加方便和健壮,通过使用EGdiplusException.GdipError或者EGdiplusException.GdipErrorString,可以得到GDI+最后一次异常代码或信息。

GDI+ for VCL重新定义了绝大多数数据类型,如将C++风格的常量和枚举类型改为了VCL风格的枚举和集合类型,重构某些数据结构,以提供对VCL数据类型的支持或转换。以Color类为例,改写后的TGpColor:

// Known Color

#defineKnownColorCount141
static const ARGB kcAliceBlue = 0xfff0f8ff;
static const ARGB kcAntiqueWhite = 0xfffaebd7;
(略)

class Color
{
private :

union
{
ARGBFARGB;
struct
{
BYTEFBlue;
BYTEFGreen;
BYTEFRed;
BYTEFAlpha;
};
};
static TIdentMapEntryKnownColors[];

void MakeARGB(BYTEa,BYTEr,BYTEg,BYTEb);
void MakeARGB(BYTEa,Graphics::TColorcolor);
COLORREFGetCOLORREF();
AnsiStringGetKnownName(
void );

public :

Color();
Color(Color
& color);
Color(ARGBargb);
Color(BYTEalpha,ARGBargb);
Color(BYTEr,BYTEg,BYTEb);
Color(BYTEa,BYTEr,BYTEg,BYTEb);
Color(BYTEalpha,Graphics::TColorcolor);
Color(Graphics::TColorcolor);
Color(AnsiStringName,BYTEAlpha
= 255 );

static ColorFromTColor(BYTEalpha,Graphics::TColorcolor);
static ColorFromTColor(Graphics::TColorcolor);
static ColorFromArgb(ARGBargb);
static ColorFromArgb(BYTEalpha,ARGBargb);
static ColorFromArgb(BYTEr,BYTEg,BYTEb);
static ColorFromArgb(BYTEa,BYTEr,BYTEg,BYTEb);
static ColorFromName(AnsiStringName,BYTEAlpha = 255 );
static ColorFromCOLORREF(BYTEalpha,COLORREFrgb);
static ColorFromCOLORREF(COLORREFrgb);

bool IsEmpty();
Color
& operator = (Colorc);
Color
& operator = (ARGBc);
bool operator == (Color & c);
bool operator != (Color & c);

static ARGBStringToARGB(AnsiStringName,BYTEAlpha = 255 );
static AnsiStringARGBToString(ARGBargb);

__propertyARGBArgb
= {read = FARGB};
__propertyBYTEAlpha
= {read = FAlpha};
__propertyBYTEA
= {read = FAlpha};
__propertyBYTERed
= {read = FRed};
__propertyBYTER
= {read = FRed};
__propertyBYTEGreen
= {read = FGreen};
__propertyBYTEG
= {read = FGreen};
__propertyBYTEBlue
= {read = FBlue};
__propertyBYTEB
= {read = FBlue};
__propertyCOLORREFRgb
= {read = GetCOLORREF};
__propertyAnsiStringName
= {read = GetKnownName};

};

typedefColorTGpColor,
* PGpColor;
typedefARGBTARGB,
* PARGB;

不仅提供了对VCL的TColor类型的支持(定义为TGpColor类型的参数可直接传递TColor类型),也提供了对GDI+标准颜色的支持与转换(按标准颜色名称得到标准颜色或者按标准颜色取得名称)。在Delphi中,对应TGpColor的地方一律采用TARGB类型,同时提供了与TGpColor函数成员类似的转换方法:

functionARGBToString(Argb:TARGB): string ;
functionStringToARGB(
const S: string ;Alpha:BYTE = 255 ):TARGB;
procedureGetARGBValues(Proc:TGetStrProc);
functionARGBToIdent(Argb:Longint;varIdent:
string ):Boolean;
functionIdentToARGB(
const Ident: string ;varArgb:Longint):Boolean;

functionARGB(r,g,b:BYTE):TARGB;overload;
functionARGB(a,r,g,b:BYTE):TARGB;overload;
functionARGB(a:Byte;Argb:TARGB):TARGB;overload;

functionARGBToCOLORREF(Argb:TARGB):Longint;
functionARGBToColor(Argb:TARGB):Graphics.TColor;
functionARGBFromCOLORREF(Rgb:Longint):TARGB;overload;
functionARGBFromCOLORREF(Alpha:Byte;Rgb:Longint):TARGB;overload;
functionARGBFromTColor(Color:Graphics.TColor):TARGB;overload;
functionARGBFromTColor(Alpha:Byte;Color:Graphics.TColor):TARGB;overload;

GDI+ for VCL还增加了.NET风格的Pens和Brushs等全局变量(C++Builder)或者全局函数(Delphi),不仅提供了141种标准颜色的画笔和画刷,也可使用自定义颜色调用Pens和Brushs的缺省数组(Delphi)或者重载的操作符(C++Builder)形成新的画笔和画刷,大大简化了一般的GDI+编程代码,C++Builder的定义为:

static TGpPens Pens;
static TGpBrushs Brushs;

而Delphi则定义为:

function Pens: TPens;
function Brushs: TBrushs;

你可能注意到上面的类型说明中Delphi和C++Builder类的名称不一样,前者为TGpPens和TGpBrushs,而后者直接写为TPens和TBrushs,这是本人写代码时的一点疏忽,不过对写代码没任何影响。

有关GDI+与VCL的话题就说到这里,下面用Delphi和C++Builder以一个简单相同的例子程序作为本文的结尾。

Delphi代码:

unitmain;

interface

uses
Windows,Messages,SysUtils,Variants,Classes,Graphics,Controls,Forms,
Dialogs,StdCtrls,Buttons,ExtCtrls;

type
TMainForm
= class (TForm)
BitBtn1:TBitBtn;
CbColor:TComboBox;
procedureFormPaint(Sender:TObject);
procedureCbColorDrawItem(Control:TWinControl;Index:Integer;
Rect:TRect;State:TOwnerDrawState);
procedureFormCreate(Sender:TObject);
procedureCbColorChange(Sender:TObject);
private
{Privatedeclarations}
procedureGetKnownColorStr(
const s: string );
public
{Publicdeclarations}
end;

var
MainForm:TMainForm;

implementation

usesGdiplus;

{$R
* .dfm}

procedureTMainForm.CbColorChange(Sender:TObject);
begin
Invalidate;
end;

procedureTMainForm.CbColorDrawItem(Control:TWinControl;Index:Integer;
Rect:TRect;State:TOwnerDrawState);
var
g:TGpGraphics;
r:TGpRect;
begin
g:
= TGpGraphics.Create(CbColor.Canvas.Handle);
try
CbColor.Canvas.FillRect(Windows.TRect(Rect));
r:
= GpRect(Rect.Left,Rect.Top,CbColor.ItemHeight,CbColor.ItemHeight - 4 );
OffSet(r,
2 , 2 );
g.FillRectangle(Brushs[StringToARGB(CbColor.Items[Index])],r);
g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Black,r);
CbColor.Canvas.TextOut(r.X
+ r.Width + 5 ,r.Y,CbColor.Items[Index]);
finally
g.Free;
end;
end;

procedureTMainForm.FormCreate(Sender:TObject);
begin
GetARGBValues(GetKnownColorStr);
CbColor.ItemIndex:
= 0 ;
end;

procedureTMainForm.FormPaint(Sender:TObject);
const
QualityStr:array[
0 .. 4 ]of string =
(
' Default ' , ' HighSpeed ' , ' HighQuality ' , ' GammaCorrected ' , ' AssumeLinear ' );
Alphas:array[
0 .. 3 ]ofByte = ( 255 , 128 , 64 , 32 );
var
g:TGpGraphics;
font:TGpFont;
kc,bc:TARGB;
i,j:Integer;
begin
// 建立与窗口关联的Graphics对象,使用Handle建立在D7中效果很好,可2007不停闪烁
// g:=TGpGraphics.Create(Handle,False);
g: = TGpGraphics.Create(Canvas.Handle);
// 建立与本窗口字体关联的Gdiplus字体对象,以下3句都可建立,
// 但是第三句显示有点不一样,可能没包括字符集的信息
font: = TGpFont.Create(Canvas.Handle);
// font:=TGpFont.Create(Canvas.Handle,Self.Font.Handle);
// font:=TGpFont.Create(Self.Font.Name,Self.Font.Size,Self.Font.Style);
kc: = StringToARGB(CbColor.Items[CbColor.ItemIndex]);
if (kcand$ 808080 ) = $ 808080 thenbc: = kcBlack
else bc: = kcAliceBlue;
// 以下使用内建的Pens和Brushs作图,也可分别使用TGpPen和TGpBrush建立
g.DrawLine(Pens.Brown, 120 , 30 , 659 , 30 );
g.FillRectangle(Brushs[bc],
120 , 38 , 540 , 200 );
// 显示纵标题
for i: = 0 to 4 do
g.DrawString(QualityStr[i],font,Brushs.Black,
4.0 ,i * 40 + 48 );
// 显示横标题
for i: = 0 to 3 do
g.DrawString(
' Alpha: ' + IntToStr(Alphas[i]),font,Brushs.Black, 130.0 + i * 140 , 8 );
g.DrawString(
' 选择显示颜色 ' ,font,Brushs.Black, 4.0 , 260.0 );
// 根据所选颜色和Alpha,用不同的合成品质画色块
for i: = 0 to 3 do
begin
for j: = Integer(Low(TCompositingQuality))toInteger(High(TCompositingQuality)) do
begin
g.CompositingQuality:
= TCompositingQuality(j);
g.DrawLine(Pens[ARGB(Alphas[i],kc),
20 ],
130 + i * 140 ,j * 40 + 58 , 230 + i * 140 ,j * 40 + 58 );
end;
end;
font.Free;
g.Free;
end;

procedureTMainForm.GetKnownColorStr(
const s: string );
begin
CbColor.Items.Add(s);
end;

end.

C++ Builder代码:

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifndefmainH
#define mainH
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include < Classes.hpp >
#include
< Controls.hpp >
#include
< StdCtrls.hpp >
#include
< Forms.hpp >
#include
< Buttons.hpp >
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class TMainForm: public TForm
{
__published:
// IDE-managedComponents
TBitBtn * BitBtn1;
TComboBox
* CbColor;
void __fastcallCbColorDrawItem(TWinControl * Control, int Index,TRect & Rect,
TOwnerDrawStateState);
void __fastcallCbColorChange(TObject * Sender);
void __fastcallFormPaint(TObject * Sender);
private : // Userdeclarations
void __fastcallGetKnownColorStr( const Strings);
public : // Userdeclarations
__fastcallTMainForm(TComponent * Owner);
};
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern PACKAGETMainForm * MainForm;
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif


// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include
< vcl.h >
#pragma hdrstop

#include
" main.h "
#include
" Gdiplus.hpp "
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
#pragma package(smart_init)
#pragma resource"*.dfm"
TMainForm
* MainForm;
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
__fastcallTMainForm::TMainForm(TComponent * Owner)
:TForm(Owner)
{
GetARGBValues(GetKnownColorStr);
CbColor
-> ItemIndex = 0 ;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void __fastcallTMainForm::GetKnownColorStr( const Strings)
{
CbColor
-> Items -> Add(s);
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void __fastcallTMainForm::CbColorDrawItem(TWinControl * Control, int Index,
TRect
& Rect,TOwnerDrawStateState)
{
TGpGraphics
* g = new TGpGraphics(CbColor -> Canvas -> Handle);
try
{
CbColor
-> Canvas -> FillRect(Rect);
TGpRectr(Rect.Left,Rect.Top,CbColor
-> ItemHeight,CbColor -> ItemHeight - 4 );
r.Offset(
2 , 2 );
TGpColorc
= TGpColor::StringToARGB(CbColor -> Items -> Strings[Index]);
TGpBrush
* b = Brushs[c];
g
-> FillRectangle(b,r);
g
-> DrawRectangle(Pens.Black,r);
CbColor
-> Canvas -> TextOutA(r.X + r.Width + 5 ,r.Y,CbColor -> Items -> Strings[Index]);
}
__finally
{
deleteg;
}
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void __fastcallTMainForm::CbColorChange(TObject * Sender)
{
Invalidate();
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void __fastcallTMainForm::FormPaint(TObject * Sender)
{
const static StringQualityStr[ 5 ] =
{
" Default " , " HighSpeed " , " HighQuality " , " GammaCorrected " , " AssumeLinear " };
const static ByteAlphas[ 4 ] = { 255 , 128 , 64 , 32 };

// TGpGraphics*g=newTGpGraphics(Handle,false);
TGpGraphics * g = new TGpGraphics(Canvas -> Handle);
// 建立与本窗口字体关联的Gdiplus字体对象,以下3句都可建立,
// 但是第三句显示有点不一样,可能没包括字符集的信息
TGpFont * font = new TGpFont(Canvas -> Handle);
// TGpFont*font=newTGpFont(Canvas->Handle,Font->Handle);
// TGpFont*font=newTGpFont(Font->Name,Font->Size,Font->Style);
try
{
TARGBkc
= TGpColor::StringToARGB(CbColor -> Items -> Strings[CbColor -> ItemIndex]);
TARGBbc
= (kc & 0x808080 ) == 0x808080 ? kcBlack:kcAliceBlue;
g
-> DrawLine(Pens.Brown, 120 , 30 , 659 , 30 );
g
-> FillRectangle(Brushs[bc], 120 , 38 , 540 , 200 );
for ( int i = 0 ;i < 5 ;i ++ )
g
-> DrawString(QualityStr[i],font,Brushs.Black, 4.0 ,i * 40 + 48 );
for ( int i = 0 ;i < 4 ;i ++ )
g
-> DrawString( " Alpha: " + IntToStr(Alphas[i]),
font,Brushs.Black,
130.0 + i * 140 , 8.0 );
g
-> DrawString( " 选择显示颜色 " ,font,Brushs.Black, 4.0 , 260.0 );
for ( int i = 0 ;i < 4 ;i ++ )
{
for ( int j = 0 ;j < 5 ;j ++ )
{
g
-> CompositingQuality = (TCompositingQuality)j;

g
-> DrawLine(Pens(TGpColor(Alphas[i],kc), 20 ),
130 + i * 140 ,j * 40 + 58 , 230 + i * 140 ,j * 40 + 58 );
}
}
}
__finally
{
deletefont;
deleteg;
}
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

运行结果:

GDI+ for VCL基础 -- GDI+ 与 VCL_第1张图片

通过这个例子,可以进一步了解前面介绍的颜色转换函数的应用、Pens和Brushs的应用;同时也增加对GDI+颜色类型TARGB不同于TColor的感性认识,即对Alpha的了解以及不同的Alphi值在不同的合成品质下的差异;还可掌握TCanvas与GDI+混合使用自绘TComboBox选项的技巧。

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