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var userObject = new Object(); userObject.lastLoginTime = new Date(); alert(userObject.lastLoginTime);
var userObject = {}; // equivalent to new Object() userObject[“lastLoginTime”] = new Date(); alert(userObject[“lastLoginTime”]);
var userObject = { “lastLoginTime”: new Date() }; alert(userObject.lastLoginTime);
function func(x) { alert(x); } func(“blah”);
var func = function(x) { alert(x); }; func(“blah2”);
var func = new Function(“x”, “alert(x);”); func(“blah3”);
function sayHi(x) { alert(“Hi, “ + x + “!”); } sayHi.text = “Hello World!”; sayHi[“text2”] = “Hello World... again.”; alert(sayHi[“text”]); // displays “Hello World!” alert(sayHi.text2); // displays “Hello World... again.”
// assign an anonymous function to a variable var greet = function(x) { alert(“Hello, “ + x); }; greet(“MSDN readers”); // passing a function as an argument to another function square(x) { return x * x; } function operateOn(num, func) { return func(num); } // displays 256 alert(operateOn(16, square)); // functions as return values function makeIncrementer() { return function(x) { return x + 1; }; } var inc = makeIncrementer(); // displays 8 alert(inc(7)); // functions stored as array elements var arr = []; arr[0] = function(x) { return x * x; }; arr[1] = arr[0](2); arr[2] = arr[0](arr[1]); arr[3] = arr[0](arr[2]); // displays 256 alert(arr[3]); // functions as object properties var obj = { “toString” : function() { return “This is an object.”; } }; // calls obj.toString() alert(obj);
var myDog = { “name” : “Spot”, “bark” : function() { alert(“Woof!”); }, “displayFullName” : function() { alert(this.name + “ The Alpha Dog”); }, “chaseMrPostman” : function() { // implementation beyond the scope of this article } }; myDog.displayFullName(); myDog.bark(); // Woof!
function displayQuote() { // the value of “this” will change; depends on // which object it is called through alert(this.memorableQuote); } var williamShakespeare = { “memorableQuote”: “It is a wise father that knows his own child.”, “sayIt” : displayQuote }; var markTwain = { “memorableQuote”: “Golf is a good walk spoiled.”, “sayIt” : displayQuote }; var oscarWilde = { “memorableQuote”: “True friends stab you in the front.” // we can call the function displayQuote // as a method of oscarWilde without assigning it // as oscarWilde’s method. //”sayIt” : displayQuote }; williamShakespeare.sayIt(); // true, true markTwain.sayIt(); // he didn’t know where to play golf // watch this, each function has a method call() // that allows the function to be called as a // method of the object passed to call() as an // argument. // this line below is equivalent to assigning // displayQuote to sayIt, and calling oscarWilde.sayIt(). displayQuote.call(oscarWilde); // ouch!
alert(“NaN is NaN: “ + isNaN(NaN)); function x() { this.isNaN = function() { return “not anymore!”; }; } // alert!!! trampling the Global object!!! x(); alert(“NaN is NaN: “ + isNaN(NaN));
Dog spot = new Dog();
function DogConstructor(name) { this.name = name; this.respondTo = function(name) { if(this.name == name) { alert(“Woof”); } }; } var spot = new DogConstructor(“Spot”); spot.respondTo(“Rover”); // nope spot.respondTo(“Spot”); // yeah!
var spot = new DogConstructor(“Spot”);
// create an empty object var spot = {}; // call the function as a method of the empty object DogConstructor.call(spot, “Spot”);
// Think of this as class Dog function Dog(name) { // instance variable this.name = name; // instance method? Hmmm... this.respondTo = function(name) { if(this.name == name) { alert(“Woof”); } }; } var spot = new Dog(“Spot”);
function respondTo() { // respondTo definition } function Dog(name) { this.name = name; // attached this function as a method of the object this.respondTo = respondTo; }
var buddy = new Dog(“Buddy“);buddy 所引用的对象将从它的原型继承属性和方法,尽管仅从这一行可能无法明确判断原型来自哪里。对象 buddy 的原型来自构造函数(在这里是函数 Dog)的属性。
var spot = new Dog(“Spot”); // Dog.prototype is the prototype of spot alert(Dog.prototype.isPrototypeOf(spot)); // spot inherits the constructor property // from Dog.prototype alert(spot.constructor == Dog.prototype.constructor); alert(spot.constructor == Dog); // But constructor property doesn’t belong // to spot. The line below displays “false” alert(spot.hasOwnProperty(“constructor”)); // The constructor property belongs to Dog.prototype // The line below displays “true” alert(Dog.prototype.hasOwnProperty(“constructor”));
Dog.prototype = new Object();
function GreatDane() { } var rover = new GreatDane(); var spot = new GreatDane(); GreatDane.prototype.getBreed = function() { return “Great Dane”; }; // Works, even though at this point // rover and spot are already created. alert(rover.getBreed()); // this hides getBreed() in GreatDane.prototype spot.getBreed = function() { return “Little Great Dane”; }; alert(spot.getBreed()); // but of course, the change to getBreed // doesn’t propagate back to GreatDane.prototype // and other objects inheriting from it, // it only happens in the spot object alert(rover.getBreed());
function DateTime() { } // set static method now() DateTime.now = function() { return new Date(); }; alert(DateTime.now());
function filter(pred, arr) { var len = arr.length; var filtered = []; // shorter version of new Array(); // iterate through every element in the array... for(var i = 0; i < len; i++) { var val = arr[i]; // if the element satisfies the predicate let it through if(pred(val)) { filtered.push(val); } } return filtered; } var someRandomNumbers = [12, 32, 1, 3, 2, 2, 234, 236, 632,7, 8]; var numbersGreaterThan100 = filter( function(x) { return (x > 100) ? true : false; }, someRandomNumbers); // displays 234, 236, 632 alert(numbersGreaterThan100);
var greaterThan300 = filter( function(x) { return (x > 300) ? true : false; }, someRandomNumbers);
function makeGreaterThanPredicate(lowerBound) { return function(numberToCheck) { return (numberToCheck > lowerBound) ? true : false; }; }
var greaterThan10 = makeGreaterThanPredicate(10); var greaterThan100 = makeGreaterThanPredicate(100); alert(filter(greaterThan10, someRandomNumbers)); alert(filter(greaterThan100, someRandomNumbers));
function Person(name, age) { this.getName = function() { return name; }; this.setName = function(newName) { name = newName; }; this.getAge = function() { return age; }; this.setAge = function(newAge) { age = newAge; }; }
var ray = new Person(“Ray”, 31); alert(ray.getName()); alert(ray.getAge()); ray.setName(“Younger Ray”); // Instant rejuvenation! ray.setAge(22); alert(ray.getName() + “ is now “ + ray.getAge() + “ years old.”);
function Person(name, age) { var occupation; this.getOccupation = function() { return occupation; }; this.setOccupation = function(newOcc) { occupation = newOcc; }; // accessors for name and age }
Person.prototype.somePublicMethod = function() { // doesn’t work! // alert(this.name); // this one below works alert(this.getName()); };
// class Pet function Pet(name) { this.getName = function() { return name; }; this.setName = function(newName) { name = newName; }; } Pet.prototype.toString = function() { return “This pet’s name is: “ + this.getName(); }; // end of class Pet var parrotty = new Pet(“Parrotty the Parrot”); alert(parrotty);
// class Dog : Pet // public Dog(string name, string breed) function Dog(name, breed) { // think Dog : base(name) Pet.call(this, name); this.getBreed = function() { return breed; }; // Breed doesn’t change, obviously! It’s read only. // this.setBreed = function(newBreed) { name = newName; }; } // this makes Dog.prototype inherits // from Pet.prototype Dog.prototype = new Pet(); // remember that Pet.prototype.constructor // points to Pet. We want our Dog instances’ // constructor to point to Dog. Dog.prototype.constructor = Dog; // Now we override Pet.prototype.toString Dog.prototype.toString = function() { return “This dog’s name is: “ + this.getName() + “, and its breed is: “ + this.getBreed(); }; // end of class Dog var dog = new Dog(“Buddy”, “Great Dane”); // test the new toString() alert(dog); // Testing instanceof (similar to the is operator) // (dog is Dog)? yes alert(dog instanceof Dog); // (dog is Pet)? yes alert(dog instanceof Pet); // (dog is Object)? yes alert(dog instanceof Object);
var MSDNMagNS = {}; MSDNMagNS.Pet = function(name) { // code here }; MSDNMagNS.Pet.prototype.toString = function() { // code }; var pet = new MSDNMagNS.Pet(“Yammer”);
var MSDNMagNS = {}; // nested namespace “Examples” MSDNMagNS.Examples = {}; MSDNMagNS.Examples.Pet = function(name) { // code }; MSDNMagNS.Examples.Pet.prototype.toString = function() { // code }; var pet = new MSDNMagNS.Examples.Pet(“Yammer”);
// MSDNMagNS.Examples and Pet definition... // think “using Eg = MSDNMagNS.Examples;” var Eg = MSDNMagNS.Examples; var pet = new Eg.Pet(“Yammer”); alert(pet);
function object(o) { function F() {} F.prototype = o; return new F(); }然后,由于 JavaScript 中的对象是可延展的,因此可以方便地在创建对象之后,根据需要用新字段和新方法增大对象。
MyNamespace.MyClass = function() { MyNamespace.MyClass.initializeBase(this); this._myProperty = null; } Then, you need to define the class members itself in its prototype: MyNamespace.MyClass.prototype = { get_myProperty: function() { return this._myProperty;}, set_myProperty: function(value) { this._myProperty = value; }, doSomething: function() { MyNamespace.MyClass.callBaseMethod(this, “doSomething”); /* do something more */ } }
MyNamespace.MyClass.registerClass( “MyNamespace.MyClass “, MyNamespace.BaseClass);