Yii PHP 框架分析(四)

Yii应用的入口脚本最后一句启动了WebApplication

Yii::createWebApplication($config)->run();

CApplication:

public function run()
{
   $this->onBeginRequest(new CEvent($this));
   $this->processRequest();
   $this->onEndRequest(new CEvent($this));
}

processRequest()开始处理请求,由CWebApplication实现:

public function processRequest()
{
   if(is_array($this->catchAllRequest) && isset($this->catchAllRequest[0]))
   {
    $route=$this->catchAllRequest[0];
    foreach(array_splice($this->catchAllRequest,1) as $name=>$value)
     $_GET[$name]=$value;
   }
   else
    $route=$this->getUrlManager()->parseUrl($this->getRequest());
   $this->runController($route);
}

urlManager应用组件的parseUrl() 创建了$route (形式为controllerID/actionID的字符串),runController()创建Controller对象开始处理http请求。

$route 的值可能存在以下几种情况:
- 为空: 用 defaultController 值代替;
- “moduleID/controllerID/actionID”: module下的
- “controllerID/actionID” : 最常见的形式
- “folder1/folder2/controllerID/actionID” 多级目录下的控制器

runController首先调用createController()创建控制器对象


public function createController($route,$owner=null)
{
   // $owner为空则设置为$this,即 $_app对象
   if($owner===null)
    $owner=$this;
   // $route为空设置为defaultController,在$config里配置
   if(($route=trim($route,'/'))==='')
    $route=$owner->defaultController;
   $caseSensitive=$this->getUrlManager()->caseSensitive;

   $route.='/';
   // 逐一取出 $route 按 ‘/’分割后的第一段进行处理
   while(($pos=strpos($route,'/'))!==false)
   {
    // $id 里存放的是 $route 第一个 ‘/’前的部分
    $id=substr($route,0,$pos);
    if(!preg_match('/^w+$/',$id))
     return null;
    if(!$caseSensitive)
     $id=strtolower($id);
    // $route 存放’/’后面部分
    $route=(string)substr($route,$pos+1);
    if(!isset($basePath)) // 完整$route的第一段
    {
     // 如果$id在controllerMap[]里做了映射
     // 直接根据$id创建controller对象
     if(isset($owner->controllerMap[$id]))
     {
      return array(
       Yii::createComponent($owner->controllerMap[$id],$id,$owner===$this?null:$owner),
       $this->parseActionParams($route),
      );
     }

     // $id 是系统已定义的 module,根据$id取得module对象作为$owner参数来createController
     if(($module=$owner->getModule($id))!==null)
      return $this->createController($route,$module);
     // 控制器所在的目录
     $basePath=$owner->getControllerPath();
     $controllerID='';
    }
    else
     $controllerID.='/';
    $className=ucfirst($id).'Controller';
    $classFile=$basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$className.'.php';
    // 控制器类文件存在,则require并创建控制器对象&返回
    if(is_file($classFile))
    {
     if(!class_exists($className,false))
      require($classFile);
     if(class_exists($className,false) && is_subclass_of($className,'CController'))
     {
      $id[0]=strtolower($id[0]);
      return array(
       new $className($controllerID.$id,$owner===$this?null:$owner),
       $this->parseActionParams($route),
      );
     }
     return null;
    }
    // 未找到控制器类文件,可能是多级目录,继续往子目录搜索
    $controllerID.=$id;
    $basePath.=DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$id;
   }
}


createController() 返回一个创建好的控制器对象和actionID, runController()调用控制器的init()方法和run($actionID)来运行控制器:

public function runController($route)
{
   if(($ca=$this->createController($route))!==null)
   {
    list($controller,$actionID)=$ca;
    $oldController=$this->_controller;
    $this->_controller=$controller;
    $controller->init();
    $controller->run($actionID);
    $this->_controller=$oldController;
   }
   else
    throw new CHttpException( 404, Yii::t('yii','Unable to resolve the request "{route}".', array( '{route}'=>$route==='' ? $this->defaultController:$route)));
}

$controller->init()里没有动作, run():

public function run($actionID)
{
   if(($action=$this->createAction($actionID))!==null)
   {
    if(($parent=$this->getModule())===null)
     $parent=Yii::app();
    if($parent->beforeControllerAction($this,$action))
    {
     $this->runActionWithFilters($action,$this->filters());
     $parent->afterControllerAction($this,$action);
    }
   }
   else
    $this->missingAction($actionID);
}

$controller->run($actionID)里首先创建了Action对象:

public function createAction($actionID)
{
   // 为空设置为defaultAction
   if($actionID==='')
    $actionID=$this->defaultAction;
   // 控制器里存在 'action'.$actionID 的方法,创建CInlineAction对象
   if(method_exists($this,'action'.$actionID) && strcasecmp($actionID,'s')) // we have actions method
    return new CInlineAction($this,$actionID);
   // 否则根据actions映射来创建Action对象
   else
    return $this->createActionFromMap($this->actions(),$actionID,$actionID);
}

这里可以看到控制器并不是直接调用了action方法,而是需要一个Action对象来运行控制器动作,这样就统一了控制器方法和actions映射的action对象对action的处理,即两种形式的action处理都统一为IAction接口的run()调用。

IAction接口要求实现run(),getId(),getController () 三个方法,Yii提供的CAction类要求构造函数提供Controller和Id并实现了getId()和getController ()的处理,Action类从CAction继承即可。

CInlineAction在web/action下,run()是很简单的处理过程,调用了Controller的action方法:

class CInlineAction extends CAction
{
public function run()
{
   $method='action'.$this->getId();
   $this->getController()->$method();
}
}

回到 $controller->run($actionID)

public function run($actionID)
{
   if(($action=$this->createAction($actionID))!==null)
   {
    if(($parent=$this->getModule())===null)
     $parent=Yii::app();
    if($parent->beforeControllerAction($this,$action))
    {
     $this->runActionWithFilters($action,$this->filters());
     $parent->afterControllerAction($this,$action);
    }
   }
   else
    $this->missingAction($actionID);
}

Yii::app()->beforeControllerAction() 实际是固定返回true的,所以action对象实际是通过控制器的runActionWithFilters()被run的

public function runActionWithFilters($action,$filters)
{
   // 控制器里没有设置过滤器
   if(empty($filters))
    $this->runAction($action);
   else
   {
    // 创建过滤器链对象并运行
    $priorAction=$this->_action;
    $this->_action=$action;
    CFilterChain::create($this,$action,$filters)->run();
    $this->_action=$priorAction;
   }
}

没有过滤器,runAction()就是最终要调用前面创建的action对象的run()方法:

public function runAction($action)
{
   $priorAction=$this->_action;
   $this->_action=$action;
   if($this->beforeAction($action))
   {
    $action->run();
    $this->afterAction($action);
   }
   $this->_action=$priorAction;
}

每个filter都要实现IFilter接口,filter实现的preFilter()方法在$action->run()之前调用,如果判断action可以执行则返回true,否则返回false

if($filter1->preFilter())
if($filter2->preFilter())
   if($filtern->preFilter())
    $action->run()
    $filtern->postFilter()
   $filter2->postFilter()
$filter1->postFilter()

在action里最常见的操作就是render view文件: renderPartial()和render()。render()在处理view文件后会把结果放入layout文件内。

public function renderPartial($view,$data=null,$return=false,$processOutput=false)
{
   if(($viewFile=$this->getViewFile($view))!==false)
   {
    $output=$this->renderFile($viewFile,$data,true);
    if($processOutput)
     $output=$this->processOutput($output);
    if($return)
     return $output;
    else
     echo $output;
   }
   else
    throw new CException(Yii::t('yii','{controller} cannot find the requested view "{view}".',
     array('{controller}'=>get_class($this), '{view}'=>$view)));
}


getViewFile($view)获得$view的完整路径:
$view 以 ‘/’开头的,以系统views目录作为起始目录+$view+.php
$view含有别名的,查找别名的真实路径
其他的以modele view目录作为起始目录+$view+.php

如果没有在$config里配置第三方的renderer,renderFile() 里实际是调用了yii自身提供的renderInternal()来render view文件:

public function renderFile($viewFile,$data=null,$return=false)
{
   $widgetCount=count($this->_widgetStack);
   // 如果配置了其他的ViewRenderer
   if(($renderer=Yii::app()->getViewRenderer())!==null)
    $content=$renderer->renderFile($this,$viewFile,$data,$return);
   else
    // yii 自身的render
    $content=$this->renderInternal($viewFile,$data,$return);
   if(count($this->_widgetStack)===$widgetCount)
    return $content;
   else
   {
    $widget=end($this->_widgetStack);
    throw new CException(Yii::t('yii','{controller} contains improperly nested widget tags in its view "{view}". A {widget} widget does not have an endWidget() call.',
     array('{controller}'=>get_class($this), '{view}'=>$viewFile, '{widget}'=>get_class($widget))));
   }
}

Yii的renderer用的是php本身作为模板系统:

public function renderInternal($_viewFile_,$_data_=null,$_return_=false)
{
   // extract函数将$_data_从数组中将变量导入到当前的符号表
   if(is_array($_data_))
    extract($_data_,EXTR_PREFIX_SAME,'data');
   else
    $data=$_data_;
   if($_return_)
   {
    ob_start();
    ob_implicit_flush(false);
    require($_viewFile_);
    return ob_get_clean();
   }
   else
    require($_viewFile_);
}

render()的实际上是先renderPartial view文件,然后renderFile layoutfile,并将view文件的结果做为$content变量传入。

public function render($view,$data=null,$return=false)
{
   $output=$this->renderPartial($view,$data,true);
   if(($layoutFile=$this->getLayoutFile($this->layout))!==false)
    $output=$this->renderFile($layoutFile,array('content'=>$output),true);

   $output=$this->processOutput($output);

   if($return)
    return $output;
   else
    echo $output;
}

processOutput将render的结果再做处理,比如在head加上css或js脚本等。

public function processOutput ($output)
{
   Yii::app()->getClientScript()->render($output);

   // if using page caching, we should delay dynamic output replacement
   if($this->_dynamicOutput!==null && $this->isCachingStackEmpty())
    $output=$this->processDynamicOutput($output);

   if($this->_pageStates===null)
    $this->_pageStates=$this->loadPageStates();
   if(!empty($this->_pageStates))
    $this->savePageStates($this->_pageStates,$output);

   return $output;
}


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