rmi
RMI（Remote Method Invocation，远程方法调用）是Java在JDK1.1中实现的，它大大增强了Java开发分布式应用的能力.RMI对于用非Java语言开发的应用系统的支持不足。不能与用非Java语言书写的对象进行通信。
RMI主要采用Java对象序列化技术和TCP协议进行远程通信. 由于不是HTTP协议，不能穿越防火墙。
JRMP: JRMP是RMI最早的实现，也是Java中默认的实现，只能在Java语言中使用。
CORBA：CORBA也是基于RMI技术发展起来的，采用了基于HTTP的IIOP协议，以及接口定义语言IDL，不但可以跨越防火墙，还可以支持跨语言的调用。 EJB: EJB也是一种RMI技术，只不过底层使用了基于HTTP的IIOP协议。
调用过程：
在此过程中，参数和返回值需要分别进行Java的序列化和反序列化.
JAVA Project 1:
Server
/**
* @author:Security
* 创建日期:2013-9-3
*/
public interface ISecurity extends Remote {
//需要远程调用的方法必须抛出RemoteException异常
public String sayHello(String name) throws RemoteException;
}
/**
* @author:Security
* 创建日期:2013-9-3
*/
public class SecurityImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements ISecurity {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8454617418203467210L;
//因为UnicastRemoteObject的构造方法抛出了RemoteException异常，
//因此这里默认的构造方法必须写，必须声明抛出RemoteException异常
public SecurityImpl() throws RemoteException {}
@Override
public String sayHello(String name) throws RemoteException {
return "hello " + name;
}
}
/**
* @author:zhouyanghong
* 创建日期:2013-9-3
* 功能：创建RMI注册表，启动RMI服务，并将远程对象注册到RMI注册表中
*/
public class SecurityServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//创建一个远程对象
ISecurity security = new SecurityImpl();
//本地主机上的远程对象注册表Registry的实例，并指定端口
LocateRegistry.createRegistry(8888);
//把远程对象注册到RMI注册服务器上，并命名为Security
//绑定的URL标准格式为：rmi://host:port/name(其中协议名可以省略）
Naming.bind("rmi://localhost:8888/SecurityRMI",security);
System.out.println("INFO:远程ISecurity对象绑定成功！");
} catch (RemoteException e) {
System.out.println("创建远程对象发生异常！");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (AlreadyBoundException e) {
System.out.println("发生重复绑定对象异常！");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
System.out.println("发生URL畸形异常！");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
JAVA Project 2:
Client
/**
* @author:Security
* 创建日期:2013-9-3
*/
public interface ISecurity extends Remote {
//需要远程调用的方法必须抛出RemoteException异常
public String sayHello(String name) throws RemoteException;
}
/**
* @author:Security
* 创建日期:2013-9-3
*/
public class SecurityClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//在RMI服务注册表中查找名称为RHello的对象，并调用其上的方法
ISecurity security =(ISecurity) Naming.lookup("rmi://localhost:8888/SecurityRMI");
System.out.println(security.sayHello("java"));
} catch (NotBoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Spring Remoting
Spring Remoting是Spring对已有远程通信技术做的集成，支持以下技术：1. RMI：通过RmiProxyFactoryBean和RmiServiceExporter支持传统的RMI（即实现了Remote借口），并且支持透明的RMI调用(任何POJO)
2. Spring HttpInvoker: Spring自己的远程调用技术，基于HTTP和Java的序列化。支持任何Java接口，对应的类是HttpInvokerProxyFactory/HttpInvokerServiceExporter。要求通信双方不但是Java，而且必须使用Spring框架。
3. Hessian、Burlap：通过HessianProxyFactoryBean、BurlapProxyFactoryBean等支持著名的Hessian/Burlap协议。
4. 当然，Spring Remoting也支持非RMI的远程调用，如JMS、WebService。 Spring Remoting采用了一些最佳实践，如采用代理和缓存机制，因而在性能上略有提升。
新建Maven Web项目：
ISecurityService接口：
public interface ISecurityService {
public String queryUser() throws Exception;
} SecurityServiceImpl实现类：
@Service
public class SecurityServiceImpl implements ISecurityService {
@Override
public String queryUser() throws Exception {
return "query seccuss";
}
} applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:tool="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"> <context:annotation-config/> <!-- 定义扫描根路径为org.lazicats.ecos的类--> <context:component-scan base-package="org.lazicats.ecos" /> <!-- 订单模块服务 --> <import resource="classpath:rmiservice/security-service.xml"/> </beans>security-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:tool="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"> <!--服务端--> <bean id="securityService" class="org.lazicats.ecos.service.impl.SecurityServiceImpl" scope="prototype"/> <!-- RMI服务 --> <bean id="security" class="org.springframework.remoting.rmi.RmiServiceExporter"> <!-- 服务类 --> <property name="service" ref="securityService" /> <!-- 服务名 --> <property name="serviceName" value="securityService" /> <!-- 服务接口 --> <property name="serviceInterface" value="org.lazicats.ecos.service.ISecurityService" /> <!-- 服务端口 --> <property name="registryPort" value="1019" /> </bean> </beans>web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath*:applicationContext*.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- Spring 启动 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 统一编码过虑器 -->
<!-- Character Encoding filter -->
<filter>
<filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.ihtml</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvcDispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvcDispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.ihtml</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
dispatcher-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:tool="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="contentType" value="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <property name="prefix" value="/pages/erp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!-- 字符编码配置 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> <property name="supportedMediaTypes"> <list> <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value> </list> </property> </bean> </list> </property> </bean> <!-- 注解支持 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 对controller包中的所有类进行扫描，以完成Bean创建和自动依赖注入的功能 --> <context:component-scan base-package="org.lazicats.ecos" /> </beans>pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>rmi</name>
<groupId>org.ecos</groupId>
<artifactId>rmi</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
<version>6.1.7</version>
<configuration>
<connectors>
<connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
<port>8888</port>
<maxIdleTime>30000</maxIdleTime>
</connector>
</connectors>
<webAppSourceDirectory>${project.build.directory}/${pom.artifactId}-${pom.version}</webAppSourceDirectory>
<contextPath>/</contextPath>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring framework -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<properties>
<!-- 项目编码设置，仅对maven有效，方便CI -->
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!-- Framework dependency version -->
<spring.version>3.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
</project>
在容器中启动项目
调用方：
ISecurityService接口：
public interface ISecurityService {
public String queryUser() throws Exception;
} application_remote_client.properties
security_common_remote_url = rmi://localhost:1019applicationContext-interface-adapter-client.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:tool="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
<!-- 加载properties文件 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath*:*.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Security RMI -->
<bean id="securityService" class="org.springframework.remoting.rmi.RmiProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="serviceUrl" value="${security_common_remote_url}/securityService"/>
<property name="serviceInterface" value="org.lazicats.ecos.service.ISecurityService"/>
</bean>
</beans> SecurityServiceTest测试类：
启动RMI服务，运行测试类
package org.lazicats.ecos.service;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* @author:zhouyanghong
* 创建日期:2013-9-2
*/
public class SecurityServiceTest {
ApplicationContext context = null;
ISecurityService securityService = null;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-interface-adapter-client.xml");
securityService = (ISecurityService) context.getBean("securityService");
}
@Test
public void testRmi() throws Exception{
String message = securityService.queryUser();
System.out.println(message);
}
}