今天开始android网络编程,平时做的android整机开发这块,基本上不大需要接触android网络变成这块知识,还是得熟悉熟悉。
本文要讲的是使用URLConnection对象和HttpClient组件访问网络以及获取 网页内容的方法。
Android对HTTP(超文本传输协议)提供了很好的支持,这里包括两种接口:
1、标准Java接口(java.net) ----HttpURLConnection,可以实现简单的基于URL请求、响应功能;
2、Apache接口(org.appache.http)----HttpClient,使用起来更方面更强大。一般来说,用这种接口。不过本文还是把第一种接口过一下。
任何一种接口,无外乎四个基本功能:访问网页、下载图片或文件、上传文件.本文示范的是访问网页和下载图片。HttpURLConnection继承自URLConnection类,用它可以发送和接口任何类型和长度的数据,且预先不用知道数据流的长度,可以设置请求方式get或post、超时时间。
先直接上代码吧:
package com.example.webdatashow; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicResponseHandler; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import android.R.string; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.app.Activity; import android.util.Log; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{ private String TAG = "webdatashow"; private Button urlConnection; private Button httpClient; private TextView webDataShow; private String pediyUrl = "http://bbs.pediy.com/forumdisplay.php?f=161"; private static final int MSG_SUCCESS = 0; private static final int MSG_FAILURE = 1; private Handler mHandler = null; private Thread mThread; private Thread httpClientThread; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.webdata); urlConnection = (Button)findViewById(R.id.urlConnection); httpClient = (Button)findViewById(R.id.httpClient); webDataShow = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.webDataShow); urlConnection.setOnClickListener(this); httpClient.setOnClickListener(this); mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MSG_SUCCESS: Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "URLConnection 连接成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); webDataShow.setText((String)msg.obj); break; case MSG_FAILURE: Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "URLConnection 连接失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); default: break; } } }; } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu); return true; } @Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()) { case R.id.urlConnection: if(mThread == null) { mThread = new Thread(urlConnRunnable); mThread.start(); } break; case R.id.httpClient: if(httpClientThread == null) { httpClientThread = new Thread(httpClientRunnable); httpClientThread.start(); } break; default: break; } } Runnable httpClientRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { httpClientWebData(); } }; Runnable urlConnRunnable = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { urlConGetWebData(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }; private void urlConGetWebData() throws IOException { URL url = new URL(pediyUrl); HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); if(httpConn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { Log.d("TAG", "---into-----urlConnection---success--"); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(httpConn.getInputStream(), "utf-8"); int i; String content = ""; while((i = isr.read()) != -1) { content = content + (char)i; } mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SUCCESS,content).sendToTarget(); isr.close(); httpConn.disconnect(); }else { Log.d("TAG", "---into-----urlConnection---fail--"); } } protected void httpClientWebData() { DefaultHttpClient httpClinet = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(pediyUrl); ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new BasicResponseHandler(); try { String content = httpClinet.execute(httpGet, responseHandler); mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_SUCCESS,content).sendToTarget(); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" > <Button android:id="@+id/urlConnection" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="60dip" android:text="urlConnection" /> <Button android:id="@+id/httpClient" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="60dip" android:text="httpClient" /> <ScrollView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" > <TextView android:id="@+id/webDataShow" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </ScrollView> </LinearLayout>
做这个需要注意几点:
1,访问网络,记得添加权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
2,使用Http协议错误:java.net.MalformedURLException: no protocol:
错误原因就是这是http请求,需要在请求地址上加入 http://协议
3,android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException
这个异常大概意思是在主线程访问网络时出的异常。 Android在4.0之前的版本 支持在主线程中访问网络,但是在4.0以后对这部分程序进行了优化,也就是说访问网络的代码不能写在主线程中了。
4,android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.
每个Android应用程序都运行在一个dalvik虚拟机进程中,进程开始的时候会启动一个主线程(MainThread),主线程负责处理和ui相关的事件,因此主线程通常又叫UI线程。而由于Android采用UI单线程模型,所以只能在主线程中对UI元素进行操作。如果在非UI线程直接对UI进行了操作,则会报错:
CalledFromWrongThreadException:only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views
。
Android为我们提供了消息循环的机制,我们可以利用这个机制来实现线程间的通信。那么,我们就可以在非UI线程发送消息到UI线程,最终让Ui线程来进行ui的操作。
对于运算量较大的操作和IO操作,我们需要新开线程来处理这些繁重的工作,以免阻塞ui线程
备注:
这两种方法分别采用HttpClient和URLConnection,好像是HttpClient方式比较稳定,一般都能下载到,但是URLConnection在EDGE网络下经常下不到数据。