bacula 网络备份

bacula 的工作原理
一个完整的bacula备份系统由5个部分组成
Director Daemon
负责监听所有备份，恢复，验证，存档事务，以及定制备份和恢复文件计划等，并将整个系统运行状态，记录在一个数据库中，
storage Daemon
在备份数据时用来指定备份和恢复数据的存储介质
file Daemon
一个安装在需要备份数据的机器上的守护进程，在备份数据时候她负责把文件传出，在恢复数据时，她负责接手数据并且恢复操作，配置文件为bacula-fd.conf
console
一个管理控制台，用户可以通过这个控制台连接到director daemon上进行管理备份，与恢复操作，有3种管理方式基于文本的控制台界面，gnome的界面和wxwidgets的图形界面，其配置文件是bconsole.conf
Monitor
一个进程监控端，负责监控director daemon ,storage daemon 和file Daemon 的守护进程

bacula的几种网络拓扑
1：director与SD以及console在一台机器上，客户端fd在另外一台机器上，或者多台机器上
2：director与console在一台机器上，sd在一台机器上，客户端fd在另外一台机器上或者多台机器上
3：diretcor fd ,sd ,console都在一台机器上，相当于自己备份自己的数据

编译安装bacula
环境
baculaserver 192.168.3.128
baculaclient 192.168.3.129

1）
在128上安装baculaserver
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/bacula/files/bacula/5.0.2/bacula-5.0.2.tar.gz/download
tar -xf bacula-5.0.2.tar.gz
cd bacula-5.0.2
./configure --prefix=/opt/ --with-mysql
如果提示找不到mysql.h安装mysqldevel包
make
make install

2）
在129上安装baculaclient

    6  tar -xf bacula-5.0.2.tar.gz
    7  cd bacula-5.0.2
    8  ls
    9  ./configure --prefix=/opt/ --enable-client-only
   10  make
   11  make install

3）
初始化mysql数据库，穿件bacula对应的mysql数据库以及访问数据库权限，bacula准备了相应的脚本
./grant_mysql_privileges
./create_mysql_database
./make_mysql_tables
！！！！！！！
默认mysql的root密码为空，请确保
mysql上验证
 use bacula;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables
    -> ;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_bacula |
+------------------+
| BaseFiles        |
| CDImages         |
| Client           |
| Counters         |
| Device           |
| File             |
| FileSet          |
| Filename         |
| Job              |
| JobHisto         |
| JobMedia         |
| Location         |
| LocationLog      |
| Log              |
| Media            |
| MediaType        |
| Path             |
| PathHierarchy    |
| PathVisibility   |
| Pool             |
| Status           |
| Storage          |
| UnsavedFiles     |
| Version          |
+------------------+


4）
配置一个bacula备份系统
4.1）
配置bacula的console端
[root@128 etc]# cat bconsole.conf

#
# Bacula User Agent (or Console) Configuration File
#

Director {
  Name = 128-dir #控制端名字，会被bacula-dir.conf and bacula-sd.conf会被引用到
  DIRport = 9101 #控制端服务器的端口
  address = 192.168.3.128 控制端服务器的ip地址
  Password = "e64OrwNyOBFzyPtQd6fBzPQJtM4Uz6a4whX6irzmQUlO" #控制端密码文件
}
4.2）
配置bacula的dirctor端
[root@128 etc]# cat bacula-dir.conf

Director {         #定义bacula的全局配置                   # define myself
  Name = 128-dir
  DIRport = 9101                # where we listen for UA connections
  QueryFile = "/opt//etc/query.sql"
  WorkingDirectory = "/opt//var/bacula/working"
  PidDirectory = "/var/run"
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 1 #定义一次能处理的最大并发数
  Password = "e64OrwNyOBFzyPtQd6fBzPQJtM4Uz6a4whX6irzmQUlO"         # Console password
  Messages = Daemon
}
########################################################################################################
Job { #定义增量备份的任务
  Name = "client1"
  Type = Backup
  Level = Incremental #定义备份级别为增量备份，levle的取值范围为 Incremental，Full完全，Differential差异备份
  Client = testfd #指定备份的客户端主机，在后面client逻辑段中进行定义
  FileSet = testfs #要指定备份的客户端数据在后面的FileSet逻辑段中进行定义
  Schedule = testscd #指定这个备份任务的执行时间策略，在后面的schendule逻辑段中进行定义
  Storage = testsd #指定备份数据的存储路径与介质，在后面的storage逻辑端中进行定义
  Messages = Standard
  Pool = testpool  #指定备份使用的pool属性，在后面的pool中指定
  Priority = 10
  Write Bootstrap = "/opt//var/bacula/working/client1.bsr" #指定备份引导信息路径
}

##########################################################################################################
Job {           #差异备份
  Name = "client"
  Type = Backup
  FileSet = testfs
  Schedule = testscd
  Storage = testsd
  Messages = Standard
  Pool = testpool
  Client = testfd
  Level = Differential
  Write Bootstrap = "/opt//var/bacula/working/client.bsr"

}

##########################################################################################################
Job {           #完全备份
  Name = "full"
  Type = Backup
  Client = testfd
  Level = Full
  FileSet="testfs"
  Schedule = "testscd"
  Pool = testpool
  Storage = testsd
  Messages = Standard
  RunBeforeJob = "/opt//etc/make_catalog_backup bacula bacula"
  RunAfterJob  = "/opt//etc/delete_catalog_backup"
  Write Bootstrap = "/opt//var/bacula/working/full.bsr"
}

##########################################################################################################
Job {           #还原任务
  Name = "RestoreFiles"
  Type = Restore
  Client= testfd
  FileSet=testfs
  Storage = testsd
  Pool = testpool
  Messages = Standard
  Where = /tmp/bacula-restores #指定默认恢复数据到这个路径
}


##########################################################################################################
FileSet {  #定义一个为testfs的备份资源，指定需要备份哪些数据，需要排除哪些数据，可以指定多个fileset
  Name = "testfs"
  Include {
    Options {
      signature = MD5; Compression=GZIP;
    }
    File = /mnt
  }

  Exclude {  #通过exclude排除不需要备份的文件或者目录，可根据具体情况修改
    File = /opt//var/bacula/working
    File = /tmp
    File = /proc
    File = /tmp
    File = /.journal
    File = /.fsck
  }
}

##########################################################################################################
Schedule { #定义一个名为testscd的任务调度策略
  Name = "testscd"
  Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05 #第一周的星期天晚上23：05进行完全备份
  Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05 #第2-5周的星期日晚上23：05进行差异备份
  Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05 #所有星期一到星期六晚上23：05进行增量备份
}


FileSet {
  Name = "Catalog"
  Include {
    Options {
      signature = MD5
    }
    File = "/opt//var/bacula/working/bacula.sql"
  }
}
##########################################################################################################
Client {        #client段用来定义哪个客户端fd的数据
  Name = testfd
  Address = 192.168.3.129
  FDPort = 9102
  Catalog = MyCatalog #使用哪个数据库存储信息，mycatalog在后面的mycatalog逻辑段中进行定义
  Password = "LFsHH7nr8h2w0NCaRls8D9VAwKNxhY9++/VO5JgMT8mN"          #director段与客户端的FD验证密码，这个值必须与客户端FD配置文件bacula-fd.conf中密码相同
  File Retention = 30 days            # 30 days
  Job Retention = 6 months            # six months
  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired Jobs/Files
}

##################################################################################

Storage {               #用来定义将客户端的数据备份到哪个存储设备上
  Name = testsd
  Address = 192.168.3.128
  SDPort = 9103
  Password = "2gBQMeX33WVnxRnlapcVV775lmiBrAe6LEr+/3o+BKg/"
  Device = testdev
  Media Type = File
}
###################################################################################
Catalog {
  Name = MyCatalog
  dbname = "bacula"; dbuser = "bacula"; dbpassword = ""
}

Messages {
  Name = Standard
  mailcommand = "/opt//sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r"
  operatorcommand = "/opt//sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r"
  mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped
  operator = root@localhost = mount
  console = all, !skipped, !saved
  append = "/opt//var/bacula/working/log" = all, !skipped
  catalog = all
}

Messages {
  Name = Daemon
  mailcommand = "/opt//sbin/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula daemon message\" %r"
  mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped
  console = all, !skipped, !saved
  append = "/opt//var/bacula/working/log" = all, !skipped
}

#####################################################################################
Pool {          #定义供job任务使用的池属性信息，例如设定备份文件过期时间，是否覆盖过期的备份数据，是否自动清除过期备份等
  Name = testpool
  Pool Type = Backup
  Recycle = yes                       # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes
  AutoPrune = yes                     # Prune expired volumes
  Volume Retention = 7 days
  Label Format = "db-${Year}-${Month:p/2/0/r}-${Day:p/2/0/r}-id${JobId}"
  Maximum Volumes = 7
  Recycle Current Volume = yes
  Maximum Volume Jobs = 1


}
#################################################################################
Console {
  Name = 128-mon
  Password = "VwKvb8Up/nOIpWjHkCDuiRi8vyd+Jf/kZi9bl1oxxw+O"
  CommandACL = status, .status
}

[root@128 etc]#

4.3）
配置bacula的SD
[root@128 etc]# cat bacula-sd.conf

Storage {                             # definition of myself
  Name = 128-sd
  SDPort = 9103                  # Director's port
  WorkingDirectory = "/opt//var/bacula/working"
  Pid Directory = "/var/run"
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
}

Director {
  Name = 128-dir
  Password = "2gBQMeX33WVnxRnlapcVV775lmiBrAe6LEr+/3o+BKg/"
}

Director {
  Name = 128-mon
  Password = "VwKvb8Up/nOIpWjHkCDuiRi8vyd+Jf/kZi9bl1oxxw+O"
  Monitor = yes
}

Device {
  Name = testdev
  Media Type = File
  Archive Device = /mnt
  LabelMedia = yes;                   #通过label命令来建立卷文件
  Random Access = Yes;
  AutomaticMount = yes;               # when device opened, read it
  RemovableMedia = no;
  AlwaysOpen = no;
}

Messages {
  Name = Standard
  director = 128-dir = all
}

[root@128 etc]#

4.4）
配置bacula的fd段
[root@129 etc]# cat bacula-fd.conf

Director {
  Name = 128-dir
  Password = "LFsHH7nr8h2w0NCaRls8D9VAwKNxhY9++/VO5JgMT8mN"
}
Director {
  Name = 128-mon
  Password = "VwKvb8Up/nOIpWjHkCDuiRi8vyd+Jf/kZi9bl1oxxw+O"
  Monitor = yes
}
FileDaemon {                          # this is me
  Name = localhost.localdomain-fd
  FDport = 9102                  # where we listen for the director
  WorkingDirectory = /opt//var/bacula/working
  Pid Directory = /var/run
  Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20
}
Messages {
  Name = Standard
  director = 129-dir = all, !skipped, !restored
}

[root@129 etc]#

启动和关闭bacula[root@128 etc]# /opt/sbin/bacula stop
Stopping the Bacula File daemon
Stopping the Bacula Storage daemon
Stopping the Bacula Director daemon
[root@128 etc]# /opt/sbin/bacula start
Starting the Bacula Storage daemon
Starting the Bacula File daemon
Starting the Bacula Director daemon
[root@128 etc]#
或者[root@128 etc]# /opt/etc/bacula-ctl-
bacula-ctl-dir  bacula-ctl-fd   bacula-ctl-sd 
{start|stop|restart}依次启动或者关闭服务
查看端口监听
[root@128 etc]# netstat -lantp | grep bacula
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9101                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      15105/bacula-dir   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9102                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      15097/bacula-fd    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9103                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      15087/bacula-sd 
[root@128 etc]# /opt/sbin/bconsole
Connecting to Director 192.168.3.128:9101
1000 OK: 128-dir Version: 5.0.2 (28 April 2010)
Enter a period to cancel a command.

客户端上启动file daemon

[root@129 etc]# /opt/sbin/bacula start
Starting the Bacula File daemon
[root@129 etc]# netstat -lantp | grep bacula
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9102                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      27904/bacula-fd
 

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