虚拟机unbuntu的RAID实验

先在VMWARE添加硬件，3块SCSI硬盘，如果要做RAID5就得四块了。

然后用fdisk将硬盘分区，注意分区的系统格式。

Disk /dev/sdd: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xe45cf3b9

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdd1               1         130     1044193+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd2             131         260     1044225   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdd3             261         391     1052257+  fd  Linux raid autodetect

Disk /dev/sde: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb51587ec

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sde1               1         130     1044193+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sde2             131         260     1044225   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sde3             261         391     1052257+  fd  Linux raid autodetect

Disk /dev/sdf: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5c56f4ae

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdf1               1         130     1044193+  fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdf2             131         260     1044225   fd  Linux raid autodetect
/dev/sdf3             261         391     1052257+  fd  Linux raid autodetect

 

安装mdadm，并确认 apt-get install mdadm,

nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ lsmod | grep md
md_mod                 82068  0
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ cat /proc/devices | grep md
  1 ramdisk
  9 md
253 mdp
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities :
unused devices: <none>

 

RAID 0:

nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -l0 -n3 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 64K
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0]
md0 : active raid0 sdf1[2] sde1[1] sdd1[0]
      3132288 blocks 64k chunks
     
unused devices: <none>
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ mdadm -D /dev/md0
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md0: Permission denied
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
        Version : 00.90.03
  Creation Time : Sun Aug  7 01:35:11 2011
     Raid Level : raid0
     Array Size : 3132288 (2.99 GiB 3.21 GB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 0
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sun Aug  7 01:35:11 2011
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

     Chunk Size : 64K

           UUID : 7da54c47:fdd46140:e896b948:8bdba58f (local to host nestor-desktop)
         Events : 0.1

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       49        0      active sync   /dev/sdd1
       1       8       65        1      active sync   /dev/sde1
       2       8       81        2      active sync   /dev/sdf1
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.40.8 (13-Mar-2008)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
195840 inodes, 783072 blocks
39153 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368
24 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (16384 blocks):
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mkdir /raid0disk
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mount /dev/md0 /raid0disk
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$

 

RAID 1:

nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm -Cv /dev/md1  -l1 -n2 -x1 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sde2 /dev/sdf2
mdadm: size set to 1044160K
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdf2[2](S) sde2[1] sdd2[0]
      1044160 blocks [2/2] [UU]
     
md0 : active raid0 sdf1[2] sde1[1] sdd1[0]
      3132288 blocks 64k chunks
     
unused devices: <none>
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ mdadm -D /dev/md1
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md1: Permission denied
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
        Version : 00.90.03
  Creation Time : Sun Aug  7 01:43:55 2011
     Raid Level : raid1
     Array Size : 1044160 (1019.86 MiB 1069.22 MB)
  Used Dev Size : 1044160 (1019.86 MiB 1069.22 MB)
   Raid Devices : 2
  Total Devices : 3
Preferred Minor : 1
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sun Aug  7 01:44:00 2011
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

           UUID : ee1158f1:5d371eef:e896b948:8bdba58f (local to host nestor-desktop)
         Events : 0.4

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       50        0      active sync   /dev/sdd2
       1       8       66        1      active sync   /dev/sde2

       2       8       82        -      spare   /dev/sdf2
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.40.8 (13-Mar-2008)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
65280 inodes, 261040 blocks
13052 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8160 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mkdir /raid1disk
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mount /dev/md1 /raid1disk

 

RAID 5, 并模拟坏盘：

nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm -Cv /dev/md5  -l5 -n3 -x1 -c128 /dev/sdd3 /dev/sde3 /dev/sdf3 /dev/sdc3
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: size set to 1052160K
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ mdadm -D /dev/md5
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md5: Permission denied
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
        Version : 00.90.03
  Creation Time : Sun Aug  7 05:04:38 2011
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2104320 (2.01 GiB 2.15 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1052160 (1027.67 MiB 1077.41 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 4
Preferred Minor : 5
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sun Aug  7 05:05:08 2011
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 1

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 128K

           UUID : b14234b7:8b18c28b:e896b948:8bdba58f (local to host nestor-desktop)
         Events : 0.4

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       8       51        0      active sync   /dev/sdd3
       1       8       67        1      active sync   /dev/sde3
       2       8       83        2      active sync   /dev/sdf3

       3       8       35        -      spare   /dev/sdc3
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ mkfs.ext3 /dev/md5
mke2fs 1.40.8 (13-Mar-2008)
mkfs.ext3: Permission denied while trying to determine filesystem size
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/md5
mke2fs 1.40.8 (13-Mar-2008)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
131648 inodes, 526080 blocks
26304 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216
17 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
7744 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mkdir /raid5disk
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ mount /dev/md5 /raid5disk
mount: only root can do that
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mount /dev/md5 /raid5disk
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo gedit /etc/fstat
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab

q
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ q



nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm /dev/md5 -f /dev/sdd3
mdadm: set /dev/sdd3 faulty in /dev/md5
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ mdadm -D /dev/md5
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md5: Permission denied
nestor@nestor-desktop:~$ sudo mdadm -D /dev/md5
/dev/md5:
        Version : 00.90.03
  Creation Time : Sun Aug  7 05:04:38 2011
     Raid Level : raid5
     Array Size : 2104320 (2.01 GiB 2.15 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 1052160 (1027.67 MiB 1077.41 MB)
   Raid Devices : 3
  Total Devices : 4
Preferred Minor : 5
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Sun Aug  7 05:16:53 2011
          State : clean, degraded, recovering
 Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
 Failed Devices : 1
  Spare Devices : 1

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 128K

 Rebuild Status : 80% complete

           UUID : b14234b7:8b18c28b:e896b948:8bdba58f (local to host nestor-desktop)
         Events : 0.6

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       3       8       35        0      spare rebuilding   /dev/sdc3
       1       8       67        1      active sync   /dev/sde3
       2       8       83        2      active sync   /dev/sdf3

       4       8       51        -      faulty spare   /dev/sdd3

 

将这些设备加入/etc/fstab启动项：

/dev/md0        /raid0disk      auto    defaults        0       0
/dev/md1        /raid1disk      auto    defaults        0       0
/dev/md5        /raid5disk      auto    defaults        0       0