ELK 日志分析系统
大纲：
一、简介
二、Logstash
三、Redis
四、Elasticsearch
五、Kinaba
一、简介
1、核心组成
ELK由Elasticsearch、Logstash和Kibana三部分组件组成；
Elasticsearch是个开源分布式搜索引擎，它的特点有：分布式，零配置，自动发现，索引自动分片，索引副本机制，restful风格接口，多数据源，自动搜索负载等。
Logstash是一个完全开源的工具，它可以对你的日志进行收集、分析，并将其存储供以后使用
kibana 是一个开源和免费的工具，它可以为 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日志分析友好的 Web 界面，可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。
2、四大组件
Logstash: logstash server端用来搜集日志；
Elasticsearch: 存储各类日志；
Kibana: web化接口用作查寻和可视化日志；
Logstash Forwarder: logstash client端用来通过lumberjack 网络协议发送日志到logstash server；
3、ELK工作流程
在需要收集日志的所有服务上部署logstash，作为logstash agent（logstash shipper）用于监控并过滤收集日志，将过滤后的内容发送到Redis，然后logstash indexer将日志收集在一起交给全文搜索服务ElasticSearch，可以用ElasticSearch进行自定义搜索通过Kibana 来结合自定义搜索进行页面展示。
4、ELK的帮助手册
ELK官网：https://www.elastic.co/
ELK官网文档：https://www.elastic.co/guide/index.html
ELK中文手册：http://kibana.logstash.es/content/elasticsearch/monitor/logging.html
注释
ELK有两种安装方式
(1)集成环境：Logstash有一个集成包，里面包括了其全套的三个组件；也就是安装一个集成包。
(2)独立环境：三个组件分别单独安装、运行、各司其职。(比较常用)
本实验也以第二种方式独立环境来进行演示；单机版主机地址为：192.168.1.104
二、Logstash
1、安装jdk
Logstash的运行依赖于Java运行环境。 # yum -y install java-1.8.0 # java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_51" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode)
2、安装logstash
# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz # tar zxf logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 配置logstash的环境变量 # echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin" > /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh # . /etc/profile
3、logstash常用参数
-e :指定logstash的配置信息，可以用于快速测试; -f :指定logstash的配置文件；可以用于生产环境;
4、启动logstash
4.1 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息，用于快速测试，直接输出到屏幕。
# logstash -e "input {stdin{}} output {stdout{}}"
my name is zhengyansheng. //手动输入后回车，等待10秒后会有返回结果
Logstash startup completed
2015-10-08T13:55:50.660Z 0.0.0.0 my name is zhengyansheng.
这种输出是直接原封不动的返回...
4.2 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息，用于快速测试，以json格式输出到屏幕。
# logstash -e 'input{stdin{}}output{stdout{codec=>rubydebug}}'
my name is zhengyansheng. //手动输入后回车，等待10秒后会有返回结果
Logstash startup completed
{
"message" => "my name is zhengyansheng.",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T13:57:31.851Z",
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
这种输出是以json格式的返回...
5、logstash以配置文件方式启动
5.1 输出信息到屏幕
# vim logstash-simple.conf
input { stdin {} }
output {
stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
}
# logstash -f logstash-simple.conf //普通方式启动
Logstash startup completed
# logstash agent -f logstash-simple.conf --verbose //开启debug模式
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
hello world. //手动输入hello world.
{
"message" => "hello world.",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:01:43.724Z",
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
效果同命令行配置参数一样...
5.2 logstash输出信息存储到redis数据库中
刚才我们是将信息直接显示在屏幕上了，现在我们将logstash的输出信息保存到redis数据库中,如下
前提是本地(192.168.1.104)有redis数据库，那么下一步我们就是安装redis数据库.
# cat logstash_to_redis.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
redis {
host => '192.168.1.104'
data_type => 'list'
key => 'logstash:redis'
}
}
如果提示Failed to send event to Redis，表示连接Redis失败或者没有安装，请检查...
6、 查看logstash的监听端口号
# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbose # netstat -tnlp |grep java tcp 0 0 :::9301 :::* LISTEN 1326/java
三、Redis
1、安装Redis
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.19.tar.gz yum install tcl -y tar zxf redis-2.8.19.tar.gz cd redis-2.8.19 make MALLOC=libc make test //这一步时间会稍久点... make install cd utils/ ./install_server.sh //脚本执行后，所有选项都以默认参数为准即可 Welcome to the redis service installer This script will help you easily set up a running redis server Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379] Selecting default: 6379 Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf] Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.conf Please select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log] Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.log Please select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379] Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379 Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server] Selected config: Port : 6379 Config file : /etc/redis/6379.conf Log file : /var/log/redis_6379.log Data dir : /var/lib/redis/6379 Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-server Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli Is this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort. Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379 Installing service... Successfully added to chkconfig! Successfully added to runlevels 345! Starting Redis server... Installation successful!
2、查看redis的监控端口
# netstat -tnlp |grep redis tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3843/redis-server * tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:21365 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2290/src/redis-serv tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 3843/redis-server *
3、测试redis是否正常工作
# cd redis-2.8.19/src/ # ./redis-cli -h 192.168.1.104 -p 6379 //连接redis 192.168.1.104:6379> ping PONG 192.168.1.104:6379> set name zhengyansheng OK 192.168.1.104:6379> get name "zhengyansheng" 192.168.1.104:6379> quit
4、redis服务启动命令
# ps -ef |grep redis root 3963 1 0 08:42 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379
5、redis的动态监控
# cd redis-2.8.19/src/ # ./redis-cli monitor //reids动态监控
6、logstash结合redis工作
6.1 首先确认redis服务是启动的
# netstat -tnlp |grep redis tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3843/redis-server * tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:21365 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2290/src/redis-serv tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 3843/redis-server *
6.2 启动redis动态监控
# cd redis-2.8.19/src/ # ./redis-cli monitor OK
6.3 基于入口redis启动logstash
# cat logstash_to_redis.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
redis {
host => '192.168.1.104'
data_type => 'list'
key => 'logstash:redis'
}
}
# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbose
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
dajihao linux
{
"message" => "dajihao linux",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z",
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
6.4 查看redis的监控接口上的输出
# ./redis-cli monitor
OK
1444315328.103928 [0 192.168.1.104:56211] "rpush" "logstash:redis" "{\"message\":\"dajihao linux\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z\",\"host\":\"0.0.0.0\"}"
如果redis的监控上也有以上信息输出，表明logstash和redis的结合是正常的。
四、Elasticsearch
1、安装Elasticsearch
# wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz # tar zxf elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
2、修改elasticsearch配置文件elasticsearch.yml并且做以下修改.
# vim /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/config/elasticsearch.yml discovery.zen.ping.multicast.enabled: false #关闭广播，如果局域网有机器开9300 端口，服务会启动不了 network.host: 192.168.1.104 #指定主机地址，其实是可选的，但是最好指定因为后面跟kibana集成的时候会报http连接出错（直观体现好像是监听了:::9200 而不是0.0.0.0:9200） http.cors.allow-origin: "/.*/" http.cors.enabled: true #这2项都是解决跟kibana集成的问题，错误体现是 你的 elasticsearch 版本过低，其实不是
3、启动elasticsearch服务
# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch #日志会输出到stdout # /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch -d #表示以daemon的方式启动 # nohup /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch > /var/log/logstash.log 2>&1 &
4、查看elasticsearch的监听端口
# netstat -tnlp |grep java tcp 0 0 :::9200 :::* LISTEN 7407/java tcp 0 0 :::9300 :::* LISTEN 7407/java
5、elasticsearch和logstash结合
将logstash的信息输出到elasticsearch中
# cat logstash-elasticsearch.conf
input { stdin {} }
output {
elasticsearch { host => "192.168.1.104" }
stdout { codec=> rubydebug }
}
6、基于配置文件启动logstash
# /usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin/logstash agent -f logstash-elasticsearch.conf
Pipeline started {:level=>:info}
Logstash startup completed
python linux java c++ //手动输入
{
"message" => "python linux java c++",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z",
"host" => "0.0.0.0"
}
7、curl命令发送请求来查看elasticsearch是否接收到了数据
# curl
{
"took" : 28,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 1,
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [ {
"_index" : "logstash-2015.10.08",
"_type" : "logs",
"_id" : "AVBH7-6MOwimSJSPcXjb",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source":{"message":"python linux java c++","@version":"1","@timestamp":"2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z","host":"0.0.0.0"}
} ]
}
}
8、安装elasticsearch插件
#Elasticsearch-kopf插件可以查询Elasticsearch中的数据，安装elasticsearch-kopf，只要在你安装Elasticsearch的目录中执行以下命令即可： # cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/ # ./plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf -> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf... Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip... Downloading ............................................................................................. Installed lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf into /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/plugins/kopf 执行插件安装后会提示失败，很有可能是网络等情况... -> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf... Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip... Failed to install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf, reason: failed to download out of all possible locations..., use --verbose to get detailed information 解决办法就是手动下载该软件，不通过插件安装命令... cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/plugins wget https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip unzip master.zip mv elasticsearch-kopf-master kopf 以上操作就完全等价于插件的安装命令
9、浏览器访问kopf页面访问elasticsearch保存的数据
# netstat -tnlp |grep java tcp 0 0 :::9200 :::* LISTEN 7969/java tcp 0 0 :::9300 :::* LISTEN 7969/java tcp 0 0 :::9301 :::* LISTEN 8015/java
10、从redis数据库中读取然后输出到elasticsearch中
# cat logstash-redis.conf
input {
redis {
host => '192.168.1.104' # 我方便测试没有指定password，最好指定password
data_type => 'list'
port => "6379"
key => 'logstash:redis' #自定义
type => 'redis-input' #自定义
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
host => "192.168.1.104"
codec => "json"
protocol => "http" #版本1.0+ 必须指定协议http
}
}
五、Kinaba
1、安装Kinaba
# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz # tar zxf kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
2、修改kinaba配置文件kinaba.yml
# vim /usr/local/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64/config/kibana.yml elasticsearch_url: "http://192.168.1.104:9200"
3、启动kinaba
/usr/local/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64/bin/kibana
输出以下信息，表明kinaba成功.
{"name":"Kibana","hostname":"localhost.localdomain","pid":1943,"level":30,"msg":"No existing kibana index found","time":"2015-10-08T00:39:21.617Z","v":0}
{"name":"Kibana","hostname":"localhost.localdomain","pid":1943,"level":30,"msg":"Listening on 0.0.0.0:5601","time":"2015-10-08T00:39:21.637Z","v":0}
kinaba默认监听在本地的5601端口上
4、浏览器访问kinaba
4.1 使用默认的logstash-*的索引名称，并且是基于时间的，点击“Create”即可。
4.2 看到如下界面说明索引创建完成。
4.3 点击“Discover”，可以搜索和浏览Elasticsearch中的数据。
>>>结束<<<
1、ELK默认端口号 elasticsearch：9200 9300 logstash : 9301 kinaba : 5601 2、错误汇总 (1)java版本过低 [2015-10-07 18:39:18.071] WARN -- Concurrent: [DEPRECATED] Java 7 is deprecated, please use Java 8. (2)Kibana提示Elasticsearch版本过低... This version of Kibana requires Elasticsearch 2.0.0 or higher on all nodes. I found the following incompatible nodes in your cluster: Elasticsearch v1.7.2 @ inet[/192.168.1.104:9200] (127.0.0.1) 解决办法：
软件包以打包上传：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hqfeFvY