C# 实现录音功能

C# 中使用DirectSound录音

一,声卡录音的基本原理

为了实现一个录音的基本过程,至少需要以下对象的支持:

1.录音设备,对我们的PC设备就是声卡。这个录音设备可以进行的操作应该有开始和关闭。

2.缓冲区,也就是我们录制的声音放在哪里的问题。

二,DirectSound对录音的描述模型

1.DirectSound对录音的支持类

Capture,设备对象,可以看作是声卡的描述。

CaptureBuffer,缓冲区对象,存放录入的音频数据。

Notify,事件通知对象,由于录音是一个长时间的过程,因此使用一个缓冲队列(多个缓冲区)接受数据,每当一个缓冲区满的时候,系统使用这个对象通知应用程序取走这个缓冲区,并继续录音。

以上三个对象是进行录音操作的主要对象,由于在C++中队DirectSound的操作DirectX帮助文档中已经有很详细的说明,这里就不再赘述了。本文主要是针对Managed Code。除了以上三个主要的DirectSound类,还需要以下几个辅助类。

WaveFormat,描述了进行录制的声音波形的格式,例如采样率,单声道还是立体声,每个采样点的长度等等。

Thread,线程类,由于录音的过程是需要不断处理缓冲区满的事件,因此新建一个线程对此进行单独处理。

AutoResetEvent,通知的事件,当缓冲区满的时候,使用该事件作为通知事件。

三,代码解析(SoundRecord类)

1.需要引用的程序集

using System;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Threading;

using System.IO;

//对DirectSound的支持

using Microsoft.DirectX;

using Microsoft.DirectX.DirectSound;

2.SoundRecord的成员数据

        public const int cNotifyNum = 16;       // 缓冲队列的数目
        private int mNextCaptureOffset = 0;      // 该次录音缓冲区的起始点

        private int mSampleCount = 0;            // 录制的样本数目
        private int mNotifySize = 0;             // 每次通知大小

        private int mBufferSize = 0;             // 缓冲队列大小

        private string mFileName = string.Empty;     // 文件名

        private FileStream mWaveFile = null;         // 文件流

        private BinaryWriter mWriter = null;         // 写文件
        private Capture mCapDev = null;              // 音频捕捉设备

        private CaptureBuffer mRecBuffer = null;     // 缓冲区对象

        private Notify mNotify = null;               // 消息通知对象
        private WaveFormat mWavFormat;                       // 录音的格式

        private Thread mNotifyThread = null;                 // 处理缓冲区消息的线程

        private AutoResetEvent mNotificationEvent = null;    // 通知事件

 

3.对外操作的函数

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数,设定录音设备,设定录音格式
        /// </summary>
        public SoundRecord1()
        {
            //初始化录音设备
            InitCaptureDevice();

            //设定录音格式
            mWavFormat = CreateWaveFormat();
        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 设定录音结束后保存的文件,包括路径
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filename"></param>
        public void SetFileName(string filename)
        {
            mFileName = filename;
        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 开始录音
        /// </summary>
        public void RecStart()
        {
            //创建录音文件
            CreateSoundFile();

            //创建一个录音缓冲区,并开始录音
            CreateCaptureBuffer();

            //建立通知消息,当缓冲区满的时候处理方法
            InitNotifications();

            mRecBuffer.Start(true);
        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 停止录音
        /// </summary>
        public void RecStop()
        {
            // 关闭通知消息
            if (null != mNotificationEvent)
                mNotificationEvent.Set();

            // 停止录音
            mRecBuffer.Stop();

            // 写入缓冲区最后的数据
            RecordCapturedData();

            // 回写长度信息
            mWriter.Seek(4, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            mWriter.Write((int)(mSampleCount + 36));   // 写文件长度
            mWriter.Seek(40, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            mWriter.Write(mSampleCount);                // 写数据长度
           
            mWriter.Close();

            mWaveFile.Close();

            mWriter = null;

            mWaveFile = null;
        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化音频设备,此处使用主录音设备
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>调用成功返回true,否则返回false</returns>
        private bool InitCaptureDevice()
        {
            //获取默认音频捕捉设备
            CaptureDevicesCollection devices = new CaptureDevicesCollection();//枚举音频捕捉设备

            Guid deviceGuid = Guid.Empty;//音频捕捉设备的ID

            if (devices.Count > 0)
            {
                deviceGuid = devices[0].DriverGuid;
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("设备中没有音频设备");
                return false;
            }

            //用指定的捕捉设备创建Capture对象
            try
            {
                mCapDev = new Capture(deviceGuid);
            }
            catch (DirectXException e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Message.ToString());
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建录音格式,此处使用16bit,16KHz,Mono的录音格式
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>WaveFormat结构体</returns>
        private WaveFormat CreateWaveFormat()
        {
            WaveFormat format = new WaveFormat();
            format.FormatTag = WaveFormatTag.Pcm;  //PCM
            format.SamplesPerSecond = 8000;       //16KHz
            format.BitsPerSample = 16;           //16bit
            format.Channels = 1;                //Mono

            format.BlockAlign = (short)(format.Channels * (format.BitsPerSample / 8));

            format.AverageBytesPerSecond = format.BlockAlign * format.SamplesPerSecond;

            return format;
        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建录音使用的缓冲区
        /// </summary>
        private void CreateCaptureBuffer()
        {

            // 缓冲区的描述对象

            CaptureBufferDescription bufferdescription = new CaptureBufferDescription();

            if (null != mNotify)
            {

                mNotify.Dispose();
                mNotify = null;
            }

            if (null != mRecBuffer)
            {

                mRecBuffer.Dispose();
                mRecBuffer = null;

            }
            // 设定通知的大小,默认为1s钟

            mNotifySize = (1024 > mWavFormat.AverageBytesPerSecond / 8) ? 1024 : (mWavFormat.AverageBytesPerSecond / 8);

            mNotifySize -= mNotifySize % mWavFormat.BlockAlign;
            // 设定缓冲区大小
            mBufferSize = mNotifySize * cNotifyNum;

            // 创建缓冲区描述 
            bufferdescription.BufferBytes = mBufferSize;

            bufferdescription.Format = mWavFormat;           // 录音格式
           
            // 创建缓冲区
            mRecBuffer = new CaptureBuffer(bufferdescription, mCapDev);

            mNextCaptureOffset = 0;

        }

 

       /// <summary>
        /// 初始化通知事件,将原缓冲区分成16个缓冲队列,在每个缓冲队列的结束点设定通知点.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool InitNotifications()
        {

            if (null == mRecBuffer)
            {

                MessageBox.Show("未创建录音缓冲区");

                return false;

            }

            // 创建一个通知事件,当缓冲队列满了就激发该事件.
            mNotificationEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);

            // 创建一个线程管理缓冲区事件
            if (null == mNotifyThread)
            {

                mNotifyThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(WaitThread));
                mNotifyThread.Start();

            }

            // 设定通知的位置
            BufferPositionNotify[] PositionNotify = new BufferPositionNotify[cNotifyNum + 1];

            for (int i = 0; i < cNotifyNum; i++)
            {

                PositionNotify[i].Offset = (mNotifySize * i) + mNotifySize - 1;

                PositionNotify[i].EventNotifyHandle = mNotificationEvent.Handle;

            }
            mNotify = new Notify(mRecBuffer);

            mNotify.SetNotificationPositions(PositionNotify, cNotifyNum);

            return true;

        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 将录入的数据写入到wav文件
        /// </summary>
        private void RecordCapturedData()
        {
            byte[] CaptureData = null;

            int ReadPos;
            int CapturePos;
            int LockSize;
            mRecBuffer.GetCurrentPosition(out CapturePos, out ReadPos);

            LockSize = ReadPos - mNextCaptureOffset;

            if (LockSize < 0)
            {
                LockSize += mBufferSize;
            }

            //对其缓冲区边界,实际上由于开始设定完整,这个操作是多余的
            LockSize -= (LockSize % mNotifySize);

            if (0 == LockSize)
                return;

            //读取缓冲区内的数据
            CaptureData = (byte[])mRecBuffer.Read(mNextCaptureOffset, typeof(byte), LockFlag.None, LockSize);

            //写入Wav文件
            mWriter.Write(CaptureData, 0, CaptureData.Length);

            //更新已经录制的数据长度
            mSampleCount += CaptureData.Length;

            //移动录制数据的起始点,通知消息只负责知识产生消息的位置,并不记录上次录制的位置
            mNextCaptureOffset += CaptureData.Length;

            mNextCaptureOffset %= mBufferSize;
        }

 

        private void WaitThread()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                //等待缓冲区的通知消息
                mNotificationEvent.WaitOne(Timeout.Infinite, true);

                //录制数据
                RecordCapturedData();
            }
        }

 

        /// <summary>
        /// 保存文件的波形文件,并写入必要的文件头
        /// </summary>
        private void CreateSoundFile()
        {

            /**************************************************************************

         Here is where the file will be created. A

         wave file is a RIFF file, which has chunks

         of data that describe what the file contains.

         A wave RIFF file is put together like this:
         The 12 byte RIFF chunk is constructed like this:

         Bytes 0 - 3 :  'R' 'I' 'F' 'F'

         Bytes 4 - 7 :  Length of file, minus the first 8 bytes of the RIFF description.

                           (4 bytes for "WAVE" + 24 bytes for format chunk length +

                           8 bytes for data chunk description + actual sample data size.)

          Bytes 8 - 11: 'W' 'A' 'V' 'E'
          The 24 byte FORMAT chunk is constructed like this:

          Bytes 0 - 3 : 'f' 'm' 't' ' '

          Bytes 4 - 7 : The format chunk length. This is always 16.

          Bytes 8 - 9 : File padding. Always 1.

          Bytes 10- 11: Number of channels. Either 1 for mono,  or 2 for stereo.

          Bytes 12- 15: Sample rate.

          Bytes 16- 19: Number of bytes per second.

          Bytes 20- 21: Bytes per sample. 1 for 8 bit mono, 2 for 8 bit stereo or

                          16 bit mono, 4 for 16 bit stereo.

          Bytes 22- 23: Number of bits per sample.
          The DATA chunk is constructed like this:

          Bytes 0 - 3 : 'd' 'a' 't' 'a'

          Bytes 4 - 7 : Length of data, in bytes.

          Bytes 8 -...: Actual sample data.

                    ***************************************************************************/

            // Open up the wave file for writing.

 

            mWaveFile = new FileStream(mFileName, FileMode.Create);

            mWriter = new BinaryWriter(mWaveFile);
            // Set up file with RIFF chunk info.

            char[] ChunkRiff = { 'R', 'I', 'F', 'F' };

            char[] ChunkType = { 'W', 'A', 'V', 'E' };

            char[] ChunkFmt = { 'f', 'm', 't', ' ' };

            char[] ChunkData = { 'd', 'a', 't', 'a' };

            short shPad = 1;                // File padding

            int nFormatChunkLength = 0x10;  // Format chunk length.

            int nLength = 0;                // File length, minus first 8 bytes of RIFF description. This will be filled in later.

            short shBytesPerSample = 0;     // Bytes per sample.
            // 一个样本点的字节数目

            if (8 == mWavFormat.BitsPerSample && 1 == mWavFormat.Channels)

                shBytesPerSample = 1;

            else if ((8 == mWavFormat.BitsPerSample && 2 == mWavFormat.Channels) || (16 == mWavFormat.BitsPerSample && 1 == mWavFormat.Channels))

                shBytesPerSample = 2;

            else if (16 == mWavFormat.BitsPerSample && 2 == mWavFormat.Channels)

                shBytesPerSample = 4;

            // RIFF 块

            mWriter.Write(ChunkRiff);

            mWriter.Write(nLength);

            mWriter.Write(ChunkType);
            // WAVE块

            mWriter.Write(ChunkFmt);

            mWriter.Write(nFormatChunkLength);

            mWriter.Write(shPad);

            mWriter.Write(mWavFormat.Channels);

            mWriter.Write(mWavFormat.SamplesPerSecond);

            mWriter.Write(mWavFormat.AverageBytesPerSecond);

            mWriter.Write(shBytesPerSample);

            mWriter.Write(mWavFormat.BitsPerSample);

            // 数据块

            mWriter.Write(ChunkData);

            mWriter.Write((int)0);   // The sample length will be written in later.

        }

 

5.外部窗体调用方式

声明部分:

private SoundRecord recorder= null;//录音

窗体构造函数:

recorder = new SoundRecord();

启动声音按钮:

        private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string wavfile = null;
            wavfile = "test.wav";

            recorder.SetFileName(wavfile);
            recorder.RecStart();
        }

终止声音按钮:

        private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            recorder.RecStop();
            recorder = null;
        }

播放声音按钮:

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        public static extern bool PlaySound(string szSound, IntPtr hMod, int flags);
        private void btnPlay_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            PlaySound("test.wav", IntPtr.Zero, 0x00020000 | 0x0001);
        }

6.需要添加的外部引用文件

在系统的System32目录下添加以下两个引用文件,如果没有,在DirectX的开发包内可以找到。

Microsoft.DirectX.dll;

Microsoft.DirectX.DirectSound.dll;

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