Linux 下Oracle 开机自启动 与 oratab， dbstart 脚本 说明

 一./etc/oratab说明

直接使用cat 查看这个文件：

 

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gg1:/home/oracle> cat /etc/oratab  

#  

   

# This file is used by ORACLEutilities.  It is created by root.sh  

# and updated by the Database ConfigurationAssistant when creating  

# a database.  

   

# A colon, ':', is used as the fieldterminator.  A new line terminates  

# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', arecomments.  

#  

# Entries are of the form:  

#  $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y|W>:  

#  

# The first and second fields are thesystem identifier and home  

# directory of the databaserespectively.  The third filed indicates  

# to the dbstart utility that the databaseshould , "Y", or should not,  

# "N", be brought up at systemboot time.  

#  

# Multiple entries with the same$ORACLE_SID are not allowed.  

#  

#  

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1:N  

 

这里是我测试环境上的文件，在这个注释里面，对这个文件讲的比较清楚。/etc/oratab 由root.sh 脚本创建，在用DBCA 创建实例时也会更新这个文件。

 

当$ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y> 设置为Y时，允许实例自启动，当设置为N时，则不允许自启动。 这个文件里的配置仅仅起一个开关的作用，其并不会具体的执行启动和关闭，具体的操作由$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart和dbshut 脚本来实现。 这2个脚本在执行时会检查/etc/oratab 文件里的配置，为Y时才能继续执行。

 

所以配置数据库自启动和关闭的步骤如下：

（1）    配置/etc/oratab

（2）    修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart和dbshut，并将其添加到/etc/rc(.local) 文件中。

 

这里是使用oracle 自带的dbstart 和dbshut脚本，如果使用自己写的脚本来启动或关闭DB 就不需要关心这个文件的设置了。

 

二.$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart，dbshut 说明

2.1 dbstart 脚本

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gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin>cat dbstart  

#!/bin/sh  

#  

# $Id: dbstart.sh 22-may-2008.05:05:45arogers Exp $  

# Copyright (c) 1991, 2008, Oracle. Allrights reserved.   

#  

   

###################################  

#  

# usage: dbstart $ORACLE_HOME  

#  

# This script is used tostart ORACLE from /etc/rc(.local).  

# It should ONLY beexecuted as part of the system boot procedure.  

#  

# This script will start all databaseslisted in the oratab file  

# whose third field is a"Y".  If the third field is setto "Y" and  

# there is no ORACLE_SID for an entry (thefirst field is a *),  

# then this script will ignore that entry.  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--这里就是我们之前说的，这个仅启动/etc/oratab 文件中标记为Y的实例。</span>  

#  

# This script requires that ASMORACLE_SID's start with a +, and  

# that non-ASM instance ORACLE_SID's do notstart with a +.  

#  

# If ASM instances are to be started withthis script, it cannot be used inside an rc*.d directory, and should be invokedfrom rc.local only. Otherwise, the CSS service may not be available yet, andthis script will block init from completing the boot cycle.  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--如果是ASM 实例，那么只能从rc.local中调用，否则CSS 服务可能不可用。</span>  

#  

# If you want dbstart to auto-start asingle-instance database that uses  

# an ASM server that is auto-started by CRS(this is the default behavior  

# for an ASM cluster), you must change thedatabase's ORATAB entry to use  

# a third field of "W" and theASM's ORATAB entry to use a third field of "N".  

# These values specify that dbstartauto-starts the database only after  

# the ASM instance is up and running.  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--注意这里的W，其表示等待所有的ASM 实例启动完毕后在启动数据库。</span>  

#  

# Note:  

# Use ORACLE_TRACE=T for tracing thisscript.  

#  

# The progress log for each instancebringup plus Error and Warning message[s]  

# are logged in file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log.The error messages related to  

# instance bringup are also logged tosyslog (system log module).  

# The Listener log is located at$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--启动日志存放在$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log里。</span>  

#  

# On all UNIX platforms except SOLARIS  

# ORATAB=/etc/oratab  

#  

# To configure, update ORATAB withInstances that need to be started up  

#   Entries are of the form:  

#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y|W>:  

#   An example entry:  

#   main:/usr/lib/oracle/emagent_10g:Y  

#  

# Overall algorithm:  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--启动顺序</span>  

# 1) Bring up all ASM instances with 'Y'entry in status field in oratab entry  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--启动状态为Y的所有ASM 实例</span>  

# 2) Bring up all Database instances with'Y' entry in status field in  

#   oratab entry  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--启动所有状态为Y的数据库实例</span>  

# 3) If there are Database instances with'W' entry in status field  

#   then  

#     iterate over all ASM instances (irrespective of 'Y' or 'N') AND  

#     wait for all of them to be started  

#   fi  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--如果数据库的状态为W，则等待ASM 实例启动完毕，再启动</span>  

# 4) Bring up all Database instances with'W' entry in status field in  

#   oratab entry  

<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">--启动所有状态为W的数据库实例</span>  

#  

#####################################  

   

LOGMSG="logger -puser.alert -s "  

   

trap 'exit' 1 2 3  

   

# for script tracing  

case $ORACLE_TRACE in  

  T)set -x ;;  

esac  

     

# Set path if path not set (if called from/etc/rc)  

SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ;export PATH  

SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH  

   

# First argument is used to bring up OracleNet Listener  

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1  

if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then  

 echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start OracleNet Listener"  

 echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"  

else  

 LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log  

   

  #Set the ORACLE_HOME for the Oracle Net Listener, it gets reset to  

  # adifferent ORACLE_HOME for each entry in the oratab.  

 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER  

   

  #Start Oracle Net Listener  

  if[ -x $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then  

   echo "$0: Starting Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG2>&1  

   $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 &  

   VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTLfor " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`  

   export VER10LIST  

 else  

   echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listener using$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"  

  fi  

fi  

   

# Set this in accordance with the platform  

ORATAB=/etc/oratab  

if [ ! $ORATAB ] ; then  

 echo "$ORATAB not found"  

 exit 1;  

fi  

   

# Checks Version Mismatch between Listenerand Database Instance.  

# A version 10 listener is required for anOracle Database 10g database.  

# Previous versions of the listener are notsupported for use with an Oracle  

# Database 10g database. However, it ispossible to use a version 10 listener  

# with previous versions of the Oracledatabase.  

checkversionmismatch() {  

  if[ $VER10LIST ] ; then  

   VER10INST=`sqlplus -V | grep "Release " | cut -d' ' -f3 | cut-d'.' -f1`  

   if [ $VER10LIST -lt $VER10INST ] ; then  

     $LOGMSG "Listener version $VER10LIST NOT supported with Databaseversion $VER10INST"  

     $LOGMSG "Restart Oracle Net Listener using an alternateORACLE_HOME_LISTNER:"  

     $LOGMSG "lsnrctl start"  

   fi  

  fi  

}  

   

# Starts a DatabaseInstance  

startinst() {  

  #Called programs use same database ID  

 export ORACLE_SID  

   

  #Put $ORACLE_HOME/bin into PATH and export.  

 PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${SAVE_PATH} ; export PATH  

  #add for bug # 652997  

 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${SAVE_LLP} ; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH  

 PFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora  

 SPFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile${ORACLE_SID}.ora  

 SPFILE1=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile.ora  

   

 echo ""  

 echo "$0: Starting up database \"$ORACLE_SID\""  

 date  

 echo ""  

   

 checkversionmismatch  

   

  #See if it is a V6 or V7 database  

 VERSION=undef  

  if[ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba ] ; then  

   SQLDBA=sqldba  

   VERSION=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba command=exit | awk '  

     /SQL\*DBA: (Release|Version)/ {split($3, V, ".") ;  

     print V[1]}'`  

   case $VERSION in  

     "6") ;;  

     *) VERSION="internal" ;;  

   esac  

 else  

   if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/svrmgrl ] ; then  

     SQLDBA=svrmgrl  

     VERSION="internal"  

   else  

     SQLDBA="sqlplus /nolog"  

   fi  

  fi  

   

 STATUS=1  

  if[ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.dbf ] ; then  

   STATUS="-1"  

  fi  

  if[ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.ora ] ; then  

   STATUS="-1"  

  fi  

 pmon=`ps -ef | grep -w "ora_pmon_$ORACLE_SID"  | grep -v grep`  

  if[ "$pmon" != "" ] ; then  

   STATUS="-1"  

   $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" alreadystarted."  

  fi  

   

  if[ $STATUS -eq -1 ] ; then  

   $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" possibly leftrunning when system went down (system crash?)."  

   $LOGMSG "Action: Notify Database Administrator."  

   case $VERSION in  

     "6")  sqldba"command=shutdown abort" ;;  

     "internal")  $SQLDBA$args <<EOF  

connect internal  

shutdown abort  

EOF  

       ;;  

     *)  $SQLDBA $args <<EOF  

connect / as sysdba  

shutdown abort  

quit  

EOF  

       ;;  

   esac  

   

   if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then  

     STATUS=1  

   else  

     $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOTstarted."  

   fi  

  fi  

   

  if[ $STATUS -eq 1 ] ; then  

   if [ -e $SPFILE -o -e $SPFILE1 -o -e $PFILE ] ; then  

     case $VERSION in  

       "6")  sqldbacommand=startup ;;  

       "internal")  $SQLDBA<<EOF  

connect internal  

startup  

EOF  

         ;;  

       *)  $SQLDBA <<EOF  

connect / as sysdba  

startup  

quit  

EOF  

         ;;  

     esac  

   

     if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then  

       echo ""  

        echo "$0: ${INST}\"${ORACLE_SID}\" warm started."  

     else  

       $LOGMSG ""  

       $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOTstarted."  

     fi  

   else  

     $LOGMSG ""  

     $LOGMSG "No init file found for ${INST}\"${ORACLE_SID}\"."  

     $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOTstarted."  

   fi  

  fi  

}  

   

# Starts an ASM Instance  

startasminst() {  

  #Called programs use same database ID  

 export ORACLE_SID  

 ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

  #Called scripts use same home directory  

 export ORACLE_HOME  

   

  #For ASM instances, we have a dependency on the CSS service.  

  #Wait here for it to become available before instance startup.  

   

  #Is the 10g install intact? Are all necessary binaries present?  

  if[ ! -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl ]; then  

   $LOGMSG "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl not found when attempting tostart"  

   $LOGMSG "  ASM instance$ORACLE_SID."  

   

 else  

   COUNT=0  

   $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css  

   RC=$?  

   while [ "$RC" != "0" ];  

     do  

     COUNT=`expr $COUNT + 1`  

     if [ $COUNT = 15 ] ; then  

       # 15 tries with 20 sec interval => 5 minutes timeout  

       $LOGMSG "Timed out waiting to start ASM instance$ORACLE_SID"          

       $LOGMSG "  CSS service is NOTavailable."  

        exit $COUNT  

     fi  

     $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CSS service to be available beforestarting "  

     $LOGMSG " ASM instance $ORACLE_SID. Wait $COUNT."  

     sleep 20  

     $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css  

     RC=$?  

   done  

  fi  

 startinst  

}  

   

# Start of dbstartupscript  

#  

# Loop for every entry in oratab file andand try to start  

# that ORACLE.  

#  

# ASM instances need to be started before'Database instances'  

# ASM instance is identified with '+'prefix in ORACLE_SID  

# Following loop brings up ASM instance[s]  

   

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

do  

case $LINE in  

 \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

  *)  

 ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

  if[ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

    #same as NULL SID - ignore this entry  

   ORACLE_SID=""  

   continue  

  fi  

  #Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.  

  if[ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then  

    #If ASM instances  

   if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then  

     INST="ASM instance"  

     ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

     # Called scripts use same home directory  

     export ORACLE_HOME  

     # file for logging script's output  

     LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log  

     touch $LOG  

     chmod a+r $LOG  

     echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"  

     startasminst >> $LOG 2>&1  

   fi  

  fi  

  ;;  

esac  

done  

   

# exit if there was any trouble bringing upASM instance[s]  

if [ "$?" != "0" ] ;then  

 exit 2  

fi  

   

#  

# Following loop brings up 'Database instances'  

#  

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

do  

case $LINE in  

 \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

  *)  

 ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

  if[ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

    #same as NULL SID - ignore this entry  

    ORACLE_SID=""  

   continue  

  fi  

  #Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.  

  if[ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then  

    #If non-ASM instances  

   if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then  

     INST="Database instance"  

     ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

     # Called scripts use same home directory  

     export ORACLE_HOME  

     # file for logging script's output  

     LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log  

     touch $LOG  

     chmod a+r $LOG  

     echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"  

     startinst >> $LOG 2>&1  

   fi  

  fi  

  ;;  

esac  

done  

   

#  

# Following loop brings up 'Databaseinstances' that have wait state 'W'  

#  

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

do  

case $LINE in  

 \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

  *)  

 ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

  if[ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

    #same as NULL SID - ignore this entry  

   ORACLE_SID=""  

   continue  

  fi  

  #Proceed only if last field is 'W'.  

  if[ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then  

   W_ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

    #DB instances with 'W' (wait state) have a dependency on ASM instances via CRS.  

    #Wait here for 'all' ASM instances to become available.  

   cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

   do  

   case $LINE in  

     \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

     *)  

     ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

     if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

       # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry  

       ORACLE_SID=""  

       continue  

     fi  

     if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then  

       INST="ASM instance"  

       ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

       if [ -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl ] ; then  

         COUNT=0  

         NODE=`olsnodes -l`  

         RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID isrunning"`  

         RC=$?  

         while [ "$RC" != "0" ]; # wait until this comes up!  

         do  

           COUNT=$((COUNT+1))  

           if [ $COUNT = 5 ] ; then  

              # 5 tries with 60 sec interval=> 5 minutes timeout  

              $LOGMSG "Error: Timed outwaiting on CRS to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID"          

              exit $COUNT  

           fi  

           $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CRS service to start ASM instance$ORACLE_SID"  

           $LOGMSG "Wait $COUNT."  

           sleep 60  

           RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID isrunning"`  

           RC=$?  

         done  

       else  

         $LOGMSG "Error: \"${W_ORACLE_SID}\" has dependency on ASMinstance \"${ORACLE_SID}\""  

         $LOGMSG "Error: Need $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl to check thisdependency"  

       fi  

     fi     # asm instance  

     ;;  

    esac  

   done # innner while  

  fi  

  ;;  

esac  

done # outer while  

   

# by now all the ASM instances have come upand we can proceed to bring up  

# DB instance with 'W' wait status  

   

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

do  

case $LINE in  

 \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

  *)  

 ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

  if[ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

    #same as NULL SID - ignore this entry  

   ORACLE_SID=""  

   continue  

  fi  

  #Proceed only if last field is 'W'.  

  if[ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then  

   INST="Database instance"  

   if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then  

     $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOTstarted"  

     $LOGMSG "Error: incorrect usage: 'W' not allowed for ASMinstances"  

     continue  

   fi  

   ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

    #Called scripts use same home directory  

   export ORACLE_HOME  

    #file for logging script's output  

   LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log  

   touch $LOG  

    chmod a+r $LOG  

   echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"  

   startinst >> $LOG 2>&1  

  fi  

  ;;  

esac  

done  

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin>  

 

 

2.2 dbshut 脚本

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gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin>cat dbshut  

#!/bin/sh  

#  

# $Id: dbshut.sh 22-may-2008.05:19:31arogers Exp $  

# Copyright (c) 1991, 2008, Oracle. Allrights reserved.   

#  

   

###################################  

#  

# usage: dbshut $ORACLE_HOME  

#  

# This script is used to shutdown ORACLEfrom /etc/rc(.local).  

# It should ONLY be executed as part of thesystem boot procedure.  

#  

# This script will shutdown all databaseslisted in the oratab file  

# whose third field is a "Y" or"W".  If the third field is setto "Y" and  

# there is no ORACLE_SID for an entry (thefirst field is a *),  

# then this script will ignore that entry.  

#  

# This script requires that ASMORACLE_SID's start with a +, and  

# that non-ASM instance ORACLE_SID's do notstart with a +.  

#  

# Note:  

# Use ORACLE_TRACE=T for tracing this script.  

# Oracle Net Listener is also shutdownusing this script.  

#  

# The progress log for each instanceshutdown is logged in file  

# $ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log.  

#  

# On all UNIX platforms except SOLARIS  

# ORATAB=/etc/oratab  

#  

# To configure, update ORATAB withInstances that need to be shutdown  

#   Entries are of the form:  

#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:  

#   An example entry:  

#   main:/usr/lib/oracle/emagent_10g:Y  

#  

#####################################  

   

trap 'exit' 1 2 3  

case $ORACLE_TRACE in  

  T) set-x ;;  

esac  

   

# Set path if path not set (if called from/etc/rc)  

SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ;export PATH  

SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH  

   

# The this to bring down Oracle Net Listener  

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1  

if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then  

  echo"ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle NetListener"  

 echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"  

else  

 LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log  

   

  #Set the ORACLE_HOME for the Oracle Net Listener, it gets reset to  

  # adifferent ORACLE_HOME for each entry in the oratab.  

 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER  

   

  #Stop Oracle Net Listener  

  if[ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then  

   echo "$0: Stoping Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG2>&1  

   $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl stop >> $LOG 2>&1 &  

 else  

   echo "Failed to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener using$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"  

  fi  

fi  

   

# Set this in accordance with the platform  

ORATAB=/etc/oratab  

if [ ! $ORATAB ] ; then  

 echo "$ORATAB not found"  

 exit 1;  

fi  

   

# Stops an instance  

stopinst() {  

 ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

  if[ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

   ORACLE_SID=""  

  fi  

# Called programs use same database ID  

 export ORACLE_SID  

 ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

# Called scripts use same home directory  

 export ORACLE_HOME  

# Put $ORACLE_HOME/bin into PATH andexport.  

 PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${SAVE_PATH} ; export PATH  

# add for bug 652997  

 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${SAVE_LLP} ; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH  

 PFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora  

   

# See if it is a V6 or V7 database  

 VERSION=undef  

  if[ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba ] ; then  

   SQLDBA=sqldba  

   VERSION=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba command=exit | awk '  

     /SQL\*DBA: (Release|Version)/ {split($3, V, ".") ;  

     print V[1]}'`  

   case $VERSION in  

     "6") ;;  

     *) VERSION="internal" ;;  

   esac  

 else  

   if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/svrmgrl ] ; then  

     SQLDBA=svrmgrl  

     VERSION="internal"  

   else  

     SQLDBA="sqlplus /nolog"  

    fi  

  fi  

   

 case $VERSION in  

   "6")  sqldbacommand=shutdown ;;  

   "internal")  $SQLDBA<<EOF  

connect internal  

shutdown immediate  

EOF  

    ;;  

    *)  $SQLDBA <<EOF  

connect / as sysdba  

shutdown immediate  

quit  

EOF  

    ;;  

 esac  

   

  iftest $? -eq 0 ; then  

   echo "${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" shut down."  

 else  

   echo "${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" not shut down."  

  fi  

}  

   

#  

# Loop for every entry in oratab file andand try to shut down  

# that ORACLE  

#  

# Following loop shuts down 'DatabaseInstance[s]' with 'Y' entry  

   

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

do  

 case $LINE in  

 \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

  *)  

 ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

  if[ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

     # NULL SID - ignore  

     ORACLE_SID=""  

     continue  

  fi  

  #Proceed only if last field is 'Y' or 'W'  

  if[ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then  

   if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then  

     INST="Database instance"  

     ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

     LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log  

     echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file$LOG"  

     stopinst >> $LOG 2>&1  

   fi  

  fi  

  ;;  

 esac  

done  

   

#  

# Following loop shuts down 'DatabaseInstance[s]' with 'W' entry  

#  

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

do  

 case $LINE in  

 \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

  *)  

 ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

  if[ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

     # NULL SID - ignore  

     ORACLE_SID=""  

     continue  

  fi  

  #Proceed only if last field is 'Y' or 'W'  

  if[ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then  

   if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then  

     INST="Database instance"  

     ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

     LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log  

     echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file$LOG"  

     stopinst >> $LOG 2>&1  

   fi  

  fi  

  ;;  

 esac  

done  

   

#  

# Following loop shuts down 'ASMInstance[s]'  

#  

   

cat $ORATAB | while read LINE  

do  

  case$LINE in  

   \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab  

   *)  

   ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`  

   if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then  

     # NULL SID - ignore  

     ORACLE_SID=""  

     continue  

   fi  

    #Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.  

    #Entries whose last field is not Y or N are not DB entry, ignore them.  

   if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y"] ; then  

     if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then  

       INST="ASM instance"  

       ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`  

       LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log  

       echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file$LOG"  

       stopinst >> $LOG 2>&1  

     fi  

   fi  

  ;;  

 esac  

done  

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin>  

 

通过以上信息，我们可以看出，我们只需要修改/etc/oratab脚本就可以了，dbstart 和dbshut命令可以从/etc/oratab里获取需要的参数值。

 

三.DB 开机自启动示例

3.1 修改/etc/oratab的值为Y

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin>ll /etc/oratab

-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 722 Jan 3020:36 /etc/oratab

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin>cat /etc/oratab

#

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1:Y

 

3.2 修改dbstart的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER，使其指向$ORACLE_HOME:

# First argument is used to bring up OracleNet Listener

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

 

3.3  用root用户在rc.local里添加如下内容：

 

[root@gg1 ~]# cat /etc/rc.local  

#!/bin/sh

#

# This script will be executed *after* allthe other init scripts.

# You can put your own initialization stuffin here if you don't

# want to do the full Sys V style initstuff.

 

touch /var/lock/subsys/local

su - oracle -c"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin/dbstart"

su - oracle -c"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin/emctl start dbconsole"

 

这里注意必须用oracle 用户来启动脚本。

 

3.4 reboot 系统，Oracle就自动启动了。

 

在我们的配置中，启动的包括监听，实例和OEM。

 

启动日志如下：

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1>cat startup.log

 

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin/dbstart:Starting up database "gg1"

Mon Jan 30 20:48:26 CST 2012

 

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production onMon Jan 30 20:48:31 2012

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

SQL> Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  939495424 bytes

Fixed Size                  2233960 bytes

Variable Size             675285400 bytes

Database Buffers          255852544 bytes

Redo Buffers                6123520 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining andReal Application Testing options

 

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin/dbstart:Database instance "gg1" warm started.

 

 

gg1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1>cat listener.log

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin/dbstart:Starting Oracle Net Listener

 

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 -Production on 30-JAN-2012 21:24:37

 

Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/bin/tnslsnr:please wait...

 

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 -Production

System parameter file is/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/gg1/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=gg1)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

 

Connecting to(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=gg1)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version11.2.0.3.0 - Production

Start Date                30-JAN-2012 21:24:40

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 1 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/gg1/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=gg1)(PORT=1521)))

 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully