转载地址:http://kerry.blog.51cto.com/172631/648430/
http://os.51cto.com/art/201109/288604.htm
SA们现在都知道运维自动化的重要性,尤其是对于在服务器数量按几百台、几千台增加的公司而言,单单是装系统,如果不通过自动化来完成,根本是不可想象的。
运维自动化安装方面,早期一般使用人工配置pxe+dhcp+tftp配合kickstart,现在开源工具就多了,如cobbler,OpenQRM和Spacewalk。本文重点介绍Cobbler。
Cobbler介绍
Cobbler是一个快速网络安装linux的服务,而且在经过调整也可以支持网络安装windows。该工具使用python开发,小巧轻便(才15k行代码),使用简单的命令即可完成PXE网络安装环境的配置,同时还可以管理DHCP,DNS,以及yum包镜像。
Cobbler支持命令行管理,web界面管理,还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。
和Kickstart不同的是,使用cobbler不会因为在局域网中启动了dhcp而导致有些机器因为默认从pxe启动在重启服务器后加载tftp内容导致启动终止。
常用架构如下图:
cobbler的安装部署配置
1、安装rpmforce源
CentOS 5.5默认的Repository里找不到Cobbler,先安装rpmforce这个Repository
cd /opt
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm
2、安装相关软件
yum -y install cobbler dhcp httpd xinetd tftp-server
3、检查cobbler配置
cobbler check
根椐提示修改配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/settings 中的 server 和 next_server 对应的127.0.0.1修改为本服务器的 IP 地址,
manage_dhcp 设为 1,以便管理 DHCP
将 /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 中 disable = no
4、导入精简后的ISO
mkdir -p /mnt/iso
mount -o loop /data/KerryOS-1.0-i386.iso /mnt/iso
cobbler import --mirror=/mnt/iso --name=kerryOS-1.0-i386
查看导入结果
cobbler distro list
5、修改 DHCP 和 Kickstart 配置模板
#修改DHCP配置模板
vi /etc/dhcpd.conf
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
ddns-update-style interim; allow booting; allow bootp; ignore client-updates; set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier; subnet 192.168.9.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.9.1; #路由器地址 option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子网掩码选项 option domain-name-servers 192.168.9.1; #DNS地址 range dynamic-bootp 192.168.9.200 192.168.9.254; #动态IP范围 filename "/pxelinux.0"; default-lease-time 21600; #缺省租约时间 max-lease-time 43200; #最大租约时间 next-server 192.168.9.230; #指定引导服务器 }
#修改 Kickstart 配置模板
mv /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg.bak
mv /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg.bak
vi /etc/cobbler/default.ks
vi /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-i386/ks.cfg
vi /var/www/cobbler/kickstarts/kerryOS-1.0-xen-i386/ks.cfg
# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda. #Install OS instead of upgrade install #Use text mode install text #Use CDROM installation media cdrom lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us #Skip the X Configuration skipx #Use network installation url --url=http://192.168.9.230/cobbler/ks_mirror/kerryOS-1.0-i386 #Network information #network --device eth0 --bootproto static --ip 192.168.9.226 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --gateway 192.168.9.1 --nameserver 192.168.9.1 --noipv6 --onboot=yes --hostname kerry-web-001 network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 --hostname kerry-web-001 #root -- 1q2w3e rootpw --iscrypted $1$n07CbCot$GP.VBeICPHj.QkJb5Y2C2. firewall --disabled #System authorization information authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5 selinux --disabled timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai #System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr #Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr yes # Set the Mouse mouse generic3ps/2 # The following is the partition information you requested # Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed # here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is # not guaranteed to work #Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=200 --asprimary part / --fstype ext3 --size=10000 part swap --size=2048 part /data --fstype ext3 --size=1 --grow #--- Reboot the host after installation is done reboot %packages %packages @base @core @development-libs @development-tools @editors @text-internet keyutils trousers fipscheck device-mapper-multipath imake %post --nochroot # Mount CDROM mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom mount -r -t iso9660 /tmp/cdrom /mnt/cdrom cp /mnt/cdrom/ipmod /mnt/sysimage/root/ipmod > /dev/null umount /mnt/cdrom %post #vim syntax on sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc 2>/dev/null echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc 2>/dev/null #init_ssh ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config" sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf #client sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf # Remove the ISO File translation files find / -name TRANS.TBL -exec rm {} \; /dev/null 2>/dev/null # Remove some unneeded services #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cat << EOF +--------------------------------------------------------------+ | === Welcome to Tunoff services === | +--------------------------------------------------------------+ EOF #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*` do CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-` echo $CURSRV case $CURSRV in crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sshd | syslog | local ) echo "Base services, Skip!" ;; *) echo "change $CURSRV to off" chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off service $CURSRV stop ;; esac done # file descriptors ulimit -HSn 65535 echo -ne " * soft nofile 65536 * hard nofile 65536 " >>/etc/security/limits.conf #set sysctl true > /etc/sysctl.conf cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 kernel.shmmax = 68719476736 kernel.shmall = 4294967296 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_default = 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 net.core.somaxconn = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535 EOF /sbin/sysctl -p #close ctrl+alt+del sed -i "s/ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/#ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now/" /etc/inittab #set purview chmod 600 /etc/passwd chmod 600 /etc/shadow chmod 600 /etc/group chmod 600 /etc/gshadow
6、生成并同步所有配置
cobbler sync
7、启动相关的服务
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/xinetd start
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start
chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
chkconfig --level 35 xinetd on
chkconfig --level 35 dhcpd on
chkconfig --level 35 cobblerd on
#记得关闭防火墙
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
chkconfig --level 35 iptables off
8、相关配置文件及目录
cobbler相关配置文件: /etc/cobbler
cobbler数据存储目录: /var/www/cobbler
dhcp配置文件: /etc/dhcpd.conf
dhcp租期缓存文件: /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
pxe配置文件: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
ks模板文件: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts_*.ks
9、客户端通过PXE安装系统
启动另一台新服务器,通过 PXE 启动进入,提示"boot:"时输入"menu"即可进入蓝色的 Cobbler 安装界面,选择安装项,自动完成系统安装。
10、重装系统
CentOS 5.5默认的Repository里找不到koan,先安装rpmforce这个Repository
cd /opt
wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm
#在要重装的机器安装koan
yum -y install koan
#查看cobbler服务器有哪些安装盘
koan --list-profiles --server=192.168.9.230
#选择要重装的系统并重启
koan --replace-self --server=192.168.9.230 --profile=kerryOS-1.0-i386
reboot
11、服务控制脚本
vi /etc/init.d/cobbler_all
#!/bin/sh case $1 in start) /etc/init.d/httpd start /etc/init.d/xinetd start /etc/init.d/dhcpd start /etc/init.d/cobblerd start ;; stop) /etc/init.d/httpd stop /etc/init.d/xinetd stop /etc/init.d/dhcpd stop /etc/init.d/cobblerd stop ;; status) /etc/init.d/httpd status /etc/init.d/xinetd status /etc/init.d/dhcpd status /etc/init.d/cobblerd status ;; sync) cobbler sync ;; *) echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|status|sync'!"; exit 2>&1 >/dev/null & ;; esac
chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler_all
/etc/init.d/cobbler_all start|stop|startus|sync