CCNP学习笔记-OSPF

一、.什么是链路状态路由协议?

彼此之间通过发送HELLO信息建立邻居关系,形成第一张表邻居表,然后邻居彼此发送链路状态信息LSA(端口的IP前缀和状态),同步LSA,形成第二张表LSDB链路状态数据库,相当于有了整个网络的拜年,然后以自己为源,LSDB中的所有链路状态为目的,运行SPF(最短路径优先)算法,计算出到目的最短的COST,然后写入路由表的行为,叫链路状态协议。

二、OSPF的5个数据包

HELLO 用来建立和维持邻居关系,选举DR、BDR。

LSDBD 链路状态数据描述包。通告本端LSA,以摘要显示,即LSA的HEAD。

LSR      链路状态请求包。向对端请求自己没有的LSA。

LSU      链路状态更新包。回应对端请求,向其发送LSA。

LSAck 链路状态确认包。确认收到对端发送的LSA。

三、OSPF的七个状态

1、down 过去dead-interval时间未收到邻居发来的Hello报文

2、init 本端已受到邻居发来的Hello报文,但其中没有我端的router id,即邻居未受到我的hello报文。

3、2-way 双方都受到了Hello报文。若两端均为DRother的话即会停留在这个状态。

4、 Exstart 互相交换DBD报文,建立主从关系。

5、exchange 双方用DBD表述LSDB,互相交换。

6、loading 发送LSR。

7、full 对端的LSA本端均有,两端建立邻接关系。
 

四、OSPF的HELLO报文使用组播地址224.0.0.5

5.OSPF的5种网络类型:

五。OSPF支持的网络类型
1.广播:用组播224.0.0.5 224.0.0.6发送协议报文,选举DR/BDR。
2.非广播多路访问:用单播发送协议报文,选举DR/BDR,手工指定邻居
3.点到点

4.点到多点:

5.点到多点非广播

六、OSPF中LSA的7种常用类型

1.TYPE-1 内部LSA ,由内部所有路由器产生。

实例

 

 

在R1与R2之间配置OSPF

R1(config)#router ospf 100 
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
R1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 ar 200
R1(config-router)#net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 ar 200

2(config)#router ospf 100

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2.

R2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 ar 200
R2(config-router)#net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 ar 200

查看LSA TYPE-1

R2#show ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 100)

               

  Router Link States (Area 200)   类型1

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         65          0x80000003 0x00CF95 3
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         64          0x80000002 0x00D18C 3

2.TYPE2 网络LSA,存在于广播网络中

拓扑同上

1.在R2与R3之间启动OSPF

R2(config)#router ospf 100
R2(config-router)#net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

R3(config)#router ospf  100
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
R3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 a 0
R3(config-router)#net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

查看详细信息:

R2#sh ip ospf database router 查看OSPF数据库的类型1的详细信息

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 0) 类型1

  LS age: 378
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links  链路1
  Link State ID: 2.2.2.2     链路ID
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2  传输过来的路由ID
  LS Seq Number: 80000002  用于更新
  Checksum: 0xCE4  检验和
  Length: 36  长度
  Area Border Router
  Number of Links: 1   链路的号码,也是用于更新和查看

    Link connected to: a Transit Network  
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 23.0.0.1
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 23.0.0.1
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1   接口开销

在R3查看TYPE-2

R3#show ip os database

 

            OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 0)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         127         0x80000002 0x000CE4 1

3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         127         0x80000002 0x004F7C 2

 

                Net Link States (Area 0)  类型2

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

23.0.0.1        2.2.2.2         127         0x80000001 0x0008FD

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)    类型3

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

1.1.1.0         2.2.2.2         175         0x80000001 0x00B53B

2.2.2.0         2.2.2.2         175         0x80000001 0x000F1F

12.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         175         0x80000001 0x0033B5

 

 

分析OSPF七种LSA类型

拓扑如下图

TYPE 4

R4  R5分别启RIP,并重发布路由信息。

R4(config-router)#version 2

R4(config-router)#no auto-summary

R4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.0    

R4(config-router)#net 45.0.0.0

 

R5(config)#router ospf 100

R5(config-router)#router-id 5.5.5.5

R5(config-router)#net 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 a 200

R5(config-router)#net 51.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 200

R5(config-router)#redistribute  rip sub tag 144

R5(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#router rip

R5(config-router)#version 2

R5(config-router)#no auto-summary

R5(config-router)#net 45.0.0.0

R5(config-router)#red ospf 100 metric 1

 

查看OSPF 数据库

查看路由表:

R2#sho ip route

O E2    4.4.4.0 [110/20] via 12.0.0.1, 00:02:16, Serial1/0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2    45.0.0.0 [110/20] via 12.0.0.1, 00:02:17, Serial1/0

修改外部进入和路由类型为OE1,使COST进行累加

 

R5(config)#router ospf 100

R5(config-router)#no red rip

R5(config-router)#red rip metric 1 metric-type 1 tag 144 sub

查看路由表:

R1#sho ip route

       4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    4.4.4.0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:08, Serial1/2

      45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    45.0.0.0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:09, Serial1/2

 

 

查看类型5具体信息

R1#sho ip os da ex

 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

 

                Type-5 AS External Link States

 

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA

  LS age: 1054

  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)

  LS Type: AS External Link

  Link State ID: 4.4.4.0 (External Network Number )

  Advertising Router: 5.5.5.5   �D�D�D�D�D这个就是ASBR

  LS Seq Number: 80000001

  Checksum: 0xA8DA

  Length: 36

  Network Mask: /24

        Metric Type: 1 (Comparable directly to link state metric)

        TOS: 0

        Metric: 1

        Forward Address: 0.0.0.0

        External Route Tag: 144 

查看类型4具体信息

R1#show ip ospf database asbr-summary

 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

 

                Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)

 

  LS age: 205

  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC, Upward)

  LS Type: Summary Links(AS Boundary Router)

 Link State ID: 5.5.5.5 (AS Boundary Router address)  ABR指定ASBR。我怎么知道到外部去,怎么走,谁告诉我,ABR告诉我ASBR怎么走。

 

  Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1   谁产生的这个消息,ABR是起源

  LS Seq Number: 80000001

  Checksum: 0xF8EA

  Length: 28

  Network Mask: /0

        TOS: 0  Metric: 64

 

虚链路:

 

R4(config)#no router rip

R4(config)#router ospf 100

R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4

R4(config-router)#net 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 a 100

R4(config-router)#net 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 100

 

R5(config)#router ospf 100

R5(config-router)#no red rip

R5(config-router)#net 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 100

R5(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#no router rip

 

 

R5(config-router)#do show ip route

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       51.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.2, 00:03:31, Serial1/2

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    2.2.2.0 [110/129] via 51.0.0.2, 00:03:31, Serial1/2

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    12.0.0.0 [110/128] via 51.0.0.2, 00:03:31, Serial1/2

     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       45.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

 

R4(config-router)#do show ip ro

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       45.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

我们发现R4上没有任何的从R5传递过来的信息,因为R5不是跟area0直连的ARB,解决的方法就是在area200建立虚链路,让R4逻辑的跟area0建立连接的关系,将area200形成过渡的区域。

R1(config-router)#area 200 virtual-link 5.5.5.5

 

R5(config-router)#area 200 virtual-link 1.1.1.1 这里指的是对等体的路由ID而非接口IP地址,区域指定的是穿过的区域。

下面我们查看R4上的路由表:

R4(config-router)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       45.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

R4(config-router)#do show ip route   看到学到了所有路由条目。

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    51.0.0.0 [110/128] via 45.0.0.2, 00:02:02, Serial1/1

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    1.1.1.0 [110/129] via 45.0.0.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    2.2.2.0 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:01:53, Serial1/1

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    5.5.5.0 [110/65] via 45.0.0.2, 00:02:02, Serial1/1

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    12.0.0.0 [110/192] via 45.0.0.2, 00:01:54, Serial1/1

     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       45.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

 

查看虚链路信息:

R5#show ip os virtual-links

Virtual Link OSPF_VL1 to router 1.1.1.1 is up

  Run as demand circuit

  DoNotAge LSA allowed.

  Transit area 200, via interface Serial1/2, Cost of using 64

  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,

  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    Hello due in 00:00:00

    Adjacency State FULL (Hello suppressed) 这里必须为FULL

    Index 1/3, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0

    First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

    Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0

    Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

 

这时拓扑逻辑变为以下:

查看LSDB

R5#show ip os database

 

            OSPF Router with ID (5.5.5.5) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 0)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         1     (DNA) 0x80000008 0x00B90B 4

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         1363  (DNA) 0x80000004 0x00CD8E 3

5.5.5.5         5.5.5.5         537         0x80000002 0x00632C 1

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

5.5.5.0         1.1.1.1         1343  (DNA) 0x80000001 0x0043A5

5.5.5.0         5.5.5.5         546         0x80000001 0x0048D0

45.0.0.0        5.5.5.5         546         0x80000001 0x002A91

51.0.0.0        1.1.1.1         1373  (DNA) 0x80000001 0x005471

51.0.0.0        5.5.5.5         546         0x80000001 0x00DBD9

 

所有通过虚拟路学习到的都以DNA做标记

 

汇总:

首在在R2上建立几个环回接口并宣告进入OSPF

172.16.1.0    172.16.2.0         172.16.3.0        172.16.4.0

在区域中汇总

R1(config-router)#area 100 range 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0 

查看汇总后的路由表:

R1#show ip route ospf 100

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       2.2.2.0 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:45, Serial1/0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       5.5.5.0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:45, Serial1/2

     172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masks

O       172.16.4.1/32 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:45, Serial1/0

O       172.16.1.1/32 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:45, Serial1/0

O       172.16.0.0/21 is a summary, 00:00:45, Null0

O       172.16.3.1/32 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:45, Serial1/0

O       172.16.2.1/32 [110/65] via 12.0.0.2, 00:00:45, Serial1/0

     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    45.0.0.0 [110/128] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:45, Serial1/2

 

R4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    51.0.0.0 [110/128] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    1.1.1.0 [110/129] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    2.2.2.0 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    5.5.5.0 [110/65] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:16, Serial1/1

     172.16.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O IA    172.16.4.1 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:12, Serial1/1

O IA    172.16.1.1 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:12, Serial1/1

O IA    172.16.3.1 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:12, Serial1/1

O IA    172.16.2.1 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:12, Serial1/1

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    12.0.0.0 [110/192] via 45.0.0.2, 00:00:12, Serial1/1

     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       45.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

我们看到从R4上没有查看到汇总信息,因为R5现在的身份不是area100中的一个普通的内部设备,而是通过启动虚链路后,形成了跟area0直连的一个ABR

R5(config-router)#area 0 range 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

查看R4路由表:

R4#show ip ro  

R4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    51.0.0.0 [110/128] via 45.0.0.2, 00:07:34, Serial1/1

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    1.1.1.0 [110/129] via 45.0.0.2, 00:07:28, Serial1/1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    2.2.2.0 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:07:28, Serial1/1

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    5.5.5.0 [110/65] via 45.0.0.2, 00:07:34, Serial1/1

     172.16.0.0/21 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    172.16.0.0 [110/193] via 45.0.0.2, 00:02:38, Serial1/1

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    12.0.0.0 [110/192] via 45.0.0.2, 00:07:30, Serial1/1

     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       45.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1

 

 

由此可知,汇总必须在区域内所有ABR上执行。

 

我们在R2R3之间启RIP,使R2成为ASBR,在R3上启用多环回口并宣告进入RIP

R2#show ip os database | begin  Type-5

                Type-5 AS External Link States

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

3.3.3.0         2.2.2.2         178         0x80000001 0x006995 144

23.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         178         0x80000001 0x00A947 144

122.22.22.0     2.2.2.2         178         0x80000001 0x00A1BF 144

122.22.23.0     2.2.2.2         178         0x80000001 0x0096C9 144

122.22.24.0     2.2.2.2         178         0x80000001 0x008BD3 144

122.22.25.0     2.2.2.2         178         0x80000001 0x0080DD 144

现在在R2上做汇总:因为他是ASBR

R2(config-router)#summary-address 122.22.16.0 255.255.240.0

R4#show ip ospf database | begin Type-5

                Type-5 AS External Link States

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

3.3.3.0         2.2.2.2         1437        0x80000001 0x006995 144

23.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         1437        0x80000001 0x00A947 144

122.22.16.0     2.2.2.2         992         0x80000001 0x006E98 0

R4#show ip route   

      122.0.0.0/20 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2    122.22.16.0 [110/20] via 45.0.0.2, 00:17:12, Serial1/1

 

INTERNET静态路由在OSPF中传递

R5(config)#int fa0/0

R5(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.26 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#no sh

R5(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.30.1

 

查看R5路由表:

R5(config)#do show ip rou

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.30.1

把默认路由放到ospf里面,以type-5的形式去传递:

R5(config-router)#default-information originate

我们到R2查看LSDB

R2#show ip ospf database | begin Type-5

                Type-5 AS External Link States

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

0.0.0.0         5.5.5.5         96          0x80000001 0x00A199 100

3.3.3.0         2.2.2.2         644         0x80000002 0x006796 144

23.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         644         0x80000002 0x00A748 144

122.22.16.0     2.2.2.2         133         0x80000002 0x006C99 0

 

查看路由表产生一条O*E2路由:

R2#show ip route

O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 12.0.0.1, 00:00:11, Serial1/0

O*E2=到达外部去的默认路由!!!!通过TYPE-5传递进来的

 

 

特殊区域:

Stub区域(末节区域):

步骤:

1.配置ospfrip,并且在发布rip进入到ospf,最终查看ospfR5的路由表是完整

R1(config)#router ospf 100

R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1

R1(config-router)#net 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

R1(config-router)#net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

R1(config-router)#net 51.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 100

 

R2(config)#router ospf 100

R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2

R2(config-router)#net 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

R2(config-router)#net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 0

R2(config-router)#net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 200

 

R3(config)#router ospf 100       

R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3

R3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 a 200

R3(config-router)#net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 a 200

R3(config-router)#red rip sub metric-type 1 tag 144

R3(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#router rip

R3(config-router)#version 2

R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

R3(config-router)#net 34.0.0.0

R3(config-router)#red ospf 100 metric 1

 

R4(config)#router rip

R4(config-router)#ver 2

R4(config-router)#noa u

R4(config-router)#no au

R4(config-router)#no auto-summary

R4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.0

R4(config-router)#net 34.0.0.0

 

R5(config)#router ospf 100

R5(config-router)#router-id 5.5.5.5

R5(config-router)#net 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 a 100

R5(config-router)#net 51.0.0.0 0.0.0.255  a 100

 

R5#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    34.0.0.0 [110/149] via 51.0.0.1, 00:04:03, Serial1/2

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       51.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.1, 00:05:03, Serial1/2

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    2.2.2.0 [110/129] via 51.0.0.1, 00:05:03, Serial1/2

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    3.3.3.0 [110/130] via 51.0.0.1, 00:04:30, Serial1/2

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E1    4.4.4.0 [110/149] via 51.0.0.1, 00:02:45, Serial1/2

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    23.0.0.0 [110/129] via 51.0.0.1, 00:05:03, Serial1/2

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    12.0.0.0 [110/128] via 51.0.0.1, 00:05:03, Serial1/2

 

R5#ping 4.4.4.4 source 5.5.5.5

 

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 5.5.5.5

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 112/132/164 ms

 

配置STUB区域:

R1(config)#router osp 100

R1(config-router)#area 100 stub

 

R5(config)#router ospf 100

R5(config-router)#area 100 stub

注:区域中的所有设备都需要改变自己的类型是stub区域。

这时区域100内除了R1ABR)外均无法学习到Type-5的路由信息;产生一条O*IA的默认路由,起源于ABR

R5(config-router)#do show ip rou

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 51.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       51.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:54, Serial1/2

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    2.2.2.0 [110/129] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:54, Serial1/2

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    3.3.3.0 [110/130] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:54, Serial1/2

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    23.0.0.0 [110/129] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:54, Serial1/2

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    12.0.0.0 [110/128] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:55, Serial1/2

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.1, 00:00:55, Serial1/2

R5#ping 4.4.4.4 source 5.5.5.5

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 5.5.5.5

!!!!!

R5#show ip ospf database

 

            OSPF Router with ID (5.5.5.5) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 100)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         1042        0x80000004 0x00CD51 2

5.5.5.5         5.5.5.5         1039        0x80000004 0x00BE30 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 100)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

0.0.0.0         1.1.1.1         1075        0x80000001 0x0093A6

1.1.1.0         1.1.1.1         1075        0x80000002 0x006DC8

2.2.2.0         1.1.1.1         1075        0x80000002 0x00CB27

3.3.3.0         1.1.1.1         1075        0x80000002 0x00B13D

12.0.0.0        1.1.1.1         1075        0x80000002 0x006D80

23.0.0.0        1.1.1.1         1075        0x80000002 0x00E7F9

未产生Type-5的信息:

 

完全末节区域:

R1(config-router)#area 100 stub no-summary

注:完全末节区域只需要ABR上配置即可。

R5#show ip ospf database 查看LSDBType-3的信息条目被过滤,只有Type-1的信息

 

            OSPF Router with ID (5.5.5.5) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 100)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         38          0x80000006 0x00C953 2

5.5.5.5         5.5.5.5         1195        0x80000004 0x00BE30 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 100)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

0.0.0.0         1.1.1.1         47          0x80000001 0x0093A6

 

R5#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 51.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       51.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/2

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 51.0.0.1, 00:02:07, Serial1/2

以上证明。完全末梢区域只存在Type-1  Type-2的路由信息。

IS-IS中间系统到中间系统,他的level-1的路由就相当于这种路由!!!

 

删除所有末梢和完全末梢区域信息:

R1(config-router)#no area 100 stub no-summary

R1(config-router)#no area 100 stub

 

R5(config)#router ospf 100

R5(config-router)#no area 100 stub

 

NSSA的区域以及完全末节NSSA他是工作在area0ASBR之间的区域!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

R2(config-router)#area 200 nssa

 

R3(config)#router ospf 100

R3(config-router)#area 200 nssa

 

R3#show ip os database  查看LSDB,只看到Type-7的信息而没有Type-5的信息

 

            OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         68          0x80000005 0x00A129 2

3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         64          0x80000006 0x001B90 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

1.1.1.0         2.2.2.2         96          0x80000003 0x005791

2.2.2.0         2.2.2.2         96          0x80000003 0x00B075

5.5.5.0         2.2.2.2         96          0x80000002 0x004B52

12.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         96          0x80000003 0x00D40C

51.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         96          0x80000003 0x005A1F

 

                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

4.4.4.0         3.3.3.3         69          0x80000001 0x00A5BC 144

34.0.0.0        3.3.3.3         69          0x80000001 0x007AD1 144

 

R2#show ip ospf database  NSSA区域的ABR查看到Type-7变为Type-5的信息

 

            OSPF Router with ID (2.2.2.2) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 0)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         871         0x80000005 0x00CE93 3

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         172         0x80000005 0x00D483 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

3.3.3.0         2.2.2.2         140         0x80000001 0x00F435

5.5.5.0         1.1.1.1         375         0x80000001 0x0043A5

23.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         823         0x80000002 0x0029F2

51.0.0.0        1.1.1.1         871         0x80000002 0x005272

 

                Router Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         144         0x80000005 0x00A129 2

3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         142         0x80000006 0x001B90 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

1.1.1.0         2.2.2.2         172         0x80000003 0x005791

2.2.2.0         2.2.2.2         173         0x80000003 0x00B075

5.5.5.0         2.2.2.2         173         0x80000002 0x004B52

12.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         173         0x80000003 0x00D40C

51.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         173         0x80000003 0x005A1F

 

                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

4.4.4.0         3.3.3.3         147         0x80000001 0x00A5BC 144

34.0.0.0        3.3.3.3         147         0x80000001 0x007AD1 144

 

                Type-5 AS External Link States

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

4.4.4.0         2.2.2.2         139         0x80000001 0x005818 144

34.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         140         0x80000001 0x002D2D 144

 

R1#show ip os database 从区域0内的一台普通路由器上查看LSDB信息发现只有Type-5的信息

 

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 0)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         855         0x80000005 0x00CE93 3

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         158         0x80000005 0x00D483 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

3.3.3.0         2.2.2.2         126         0x80000001 0x00F435

5.5.5.0         1.1.1.1         360         0x80000001 0x0043A5

23.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         810         0x80000002 0x0029F2

51.0.0.0        1.1.1.1         855         0x80000002 0x005272

 

                Router Link States (Area 100)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         364         0x80000008 0x00A771 2

5.5.5.5         5.5.5.5         15          0x80000007 0x009A4F 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 100)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

1.1.1.0         1.1.1.1         370         0x80000002 0x004FE4

2.2.2.0         1.1.1.1         371         0x80000002 0x00AD43

3.3.3.0         1.1.1.1         126         0x80000001 0x009558

12.0.0.0        1.1.1.1         371         0x80000002 0x004F9C

23.0.0.0        1.1.1.1         371         0x80000002 0x00C916

 

                Summary ASB Link States (Area 100)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

2.2.2.2         1.1.1.1         153         0x80000001 0x00836C

 

                Type-5 AS External Link States

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

4.4.4.0         2.2.2.2         126         0x80000001 0x005818 144

34.0.0.0        2.2.2.2         126         0x80000001 0x002D2D 144

 

R2#sho ip route NSSA区域的ABR发现ON1的路由信息,表示穿越NSSA区域的路由。

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O N1    34.0.0.0 [110/22] via 23.0.0.2, 00:08:20, FastEthernet0/0

     51.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    51.0.0.0 [110/128] via 12.0.0.1, 00:08:20, Serial1/0

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       1.1.1.0 [110/65] via 12.0.0.1, 00:08:47, Serial1/0

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       3.3.3.0 [110/2] via 23.0.0.2, 00:08:20, FastEthernet0/0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O N1    4.4.4.0 [110/22] via 23.0.0.2, 00:08:20, FastEthernet0/0

     5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA    5.5.5.0 [110/129] via 12.0.0.1, 00:08:21, Serial1/0

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       23.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       12.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

 

完全末节NSSA  不允许ABR把类型3的传递给NSSA区域!!!!在ABR上需要输入no-summary的命令

R2(config-router)#area 200 nssa no-summary

 

R3#show ip os database ASBR查看LSA信息,没有发现类型3的信息。

 

            OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         1217        0x80000005 0x00A129 2

3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         1213        0x80000006 0x001B90 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

0.0.0.0         2.2.2.2         109         0x80000001 0x00FC31

 

                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

4.4.4.0         3.3.3.3         1218        0x80000001 0x00A5BC 144

34.0.0.0        3.3.3.3         1218        0x80000001 0x007AD1 144

 

R3#show ip route  查看路由表没有类型3的信息产生一条由ABR发送的默认路由。

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 23.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       4.4.4.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial1/0

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       23.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2] via 23.0.0.1, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0

 

我们再查看RIP的路由信息:

R4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 34.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       3.3.3.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       23.0.0.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0

R*   0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0

R4RIP的角度去看,只学习到了NSSA区域中宣告的路由,其他的从AREA0转发过来就全部的被过滤掉了!!!!

 

R5发布一条静态路由进入OSPF

R5(config)#ip route 20.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 null 0

R5(config)#router ospf 100

R5(config-router)#red static metric-type 1 tag 122 subnet

 

R3#sho ip os database  ASBR 上查看LSDB发现没有这条路由,因为这条路由从R5进入到AREA0就变成类型3了,但是summary的信息是不给NSSA的。

            OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         481         0x80000006 0x009F2A 2

3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         319         0x80000007 0x001991 3

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

0.0.0.0         2.2.2.2         1178        0x80000001 0x00FC31

 

                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

4.4.4.0         3.3.3.3         319         0x80000002 0x00A3BD 144

34.0.0.0        3.3.3.3         319         0x80000002 0x0078D2 144

 

R3ASBR)上发布一条静态路由:

R3(config)#ip route 30.30.30.0 255.255.255.0 null 0

R3(config)#router ospf 100

R3(config-router)#red static sub metric-type 1 tag 166

这条路由通过NSSA区域以N路由的形式传递给ASBR R3,那么R3就再发布进入到了RIP,如何阻挡!!!

R4#sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 34.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       2.2.2.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial1/0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       3.3.3.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial1/0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       23.0.0.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial1/0

     30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       30.30.30.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial1/0

R*   0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:23, Serial1/0

 

还是在R2上增加对NSSA区域的控制力度!!!!

R2(config-router)#area 200 nssa no-redistribution no-summary

 

R4#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is 34.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0

 

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       34.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       2.2.2.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/0

     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       3.3.3.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/0

     4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       23.0.0.0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/0

R*   0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 34.0.0.1, 00:00:16, Serial1/0

 

R3(config-router)#do show ip os da

 

            OSPF Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 100)

 

                Router Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count

2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         977         0x80000006 0x00BF0D 2

3.3.3.3         3.3.3.3         973         0x80000005 0x00BC06 2

 

                Net Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

23.0.0.2        3.3.3.3         976         0x80000001 0x007585

 

                Summary Net Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum

0.0.0.0         2.2.2.2         85          0x80000002 0x00FA32

 

                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 200)

 

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag

4.4.4.0         3.3.3.3         101         0x80000001 0x00A5BC 144

34.0.0.0        3.3.3.3         101         0x80000001 0x007AD1 144

 

 

 

 

各种类型路由表示符号:

O

内部

OIA

之间

OE1

外部,累加costdefault=20

OE2

外部,不累加costdefault=20

O*E1   ASBR产生的

Default routeospf传递的时候产生的

O*E2   ASBR产生的

Default routeospf传递的时候产生的

O*IA   ABR产生的

末节区域或者次末节区域产生的。

O N2

穿越了NSSA区域的路由,不累加

O N1

穿越了NSSA区域的路由,进行累加cost

R*

OSPF通过NSSA来控制的行为

 

 

 

 

 

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