Perl Learning - 15 (s///)

s/// is the most common expression using RE to do "search and replace".

 

s/patten/replace/ searches the 'patten' and replaces it to 'replace'.

 

'patten' is the patten we talked in perlRE, it can be a variable though.
'replace' is the characters whichever you want to replace the result of search, it can be variable too.

 

$_="He's out bowling with Barney tonight.";
s/Barney/Fred/; # Barney replaced by Fred
s/with (\w+)/agaist $1's team/;
print "$_\n";

 

s/// returns a value: replace success returns true, failure returns false.

 

$_="fred flintstone";
if(s/fred/wilma/){
 print "Successfully replaced fred with wilma!\n";
 print "$_\n";
}

 

/g flag can replace all the result, instead of once by default.

 

$_="home, sweet home!";
s/home/cave/g;
print "$_\n";

 

$_="   Input     data may have      extra whitespace.  ";
s/\s+/ /g;
print "$_\n";

 

Above example is used to compress multiple whitespaces to one single space.

 

We can use other symbol in other then s///

 

$_="   Input     data may have      extra whitespace.  ";
s<\s+>[ ]g;
s(^\s+)<>g;
s#\s+$##g;
print "$_\n";

 

Note if use the patten symbols different from replace symbols, they need two pairs of () [] {} ... those pair'ed symbols. /// ### !!! ... those single don't have to.

 

Flags /i /x /s used in m// can also be used in s///

 

$_="hello 1
hello 2
wilma again
LOL
Fred, WILMA come on!
_ _END_ _
line 1
line 2
line 3";
 s#wilma#Wilma#gi;
 s{_ _END_ _.*}{}gs;
 print;

 

All wilma/wiLMA/WIlmA are replaced by Wilma, lines starting with '_ _END_ _' all are deleted.

 

Also, =~ can be used to replace variables other than $_ by default.

 

$file_name =~ s#^.*/##s; # remove all unix style path

 

/U changes all characters after it to upper case;
/L changes all characters after it to lower case;
/E close the window of /U or /L;
/u changes one character after it to upper case;
/l changes one character after it to loser case;
/u/L changes one character after it to upper case and all other characters to lower case;
/l/U changes one character after it to lower case and all other characters to upper case.

 

$_ =“I saw Barney with Fred.”;
s/(fred|barney)/\U$1/gi;

 

$_="I saw barney with FREd.";
s/(\w+) with (\w+)/\u\L$2\E with \u\L$1/i;
print "$_\n";

 

They can be used in " " as well:

 

$name="fred flintstone";
print "Hello, \L\u$name\E, would you LIKE to play a game?\n";