struts 控制用的
hibernate 操作数据库的
spring 用解耦的
Struts 、 spring 、 Hibernate 在各层的作用
1 ) struts 负责 web 层 .
ActionFormBean 接收网页中表单提交的数据,然后通过 Action 进行处理,再 Forward 到对应的网页。
在 struts-config.xml 中定义 <action-mapping>, ActionServlet 会加载。
2 ) spring 负责业务层管理,即 Service (或 Manager).
1 . service 为 action 提供统计的调用接口,封装持久层的 DAO.
2 .可以写一些自己的业务方法。
3 .统一的 javabean 管理方法
4 .声明式事务管理
5. 集成 Hiberante
3 ) Hiberante ,负责持久化层,完成数据库的 crud 操作
hibernate 为持久层,提供 OR/Mapping 。
它有一组 .hbm.xml 文件和 POJO, 是跟数据库中的表相对应的。然后定义 DAO ,这些是跟数据库打交道的类,它们会使用 PO 。
在 struts+spring+hibernate 的系统中,
对象的调用流程是: jsp-> Action - > Service ->DAO ->Hibernate 。
数据的流向是 ActionFormBean 接受用户的数据, Action 将数据从 ActionFromBean 中取出,封装成 VO 或 PO,
再调用业务层的 Bean 类,完成各种业务处理后再 forward 。而业务层 Bean 收到这个 PO 对象之后,会调用 DAO 接口方法,进行持久化操作。
spring:Aop管理事务控制,IoC管理各个组件的耦合,DaoTemplate作为常规持久层的快速开发模板!
struts:控制层Action,页面标签和Model数据,调用业务层
Hibernate:负责数据库和对象的映射,负责DAO层(Data Access Object:数据访问)
spring整合hibernate和struts,只要在配好了applicationContext.xml,在struts的action中直接调用就可以了。hibernate访问数据库的操作都在spring中实现了,spring的调用又在stuts的action中实现了。这个ssh框架就连到了一起……
一个简单的SSH例子
配置文件
/SSHLoginDemo/WebRoot/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml
- 代码
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
- <struts-config>
- <data-sources />
- <form-beans>
- <form-bean name="loginForm"
- type="com.qdu.sun.struts.form.LoginForm" />
- </form-beans>
- <global-exceptions />
- <global-forwards />
- <action-mappings>
- <action attribute="loginForm" input="/login.jsp"
- name="loginForm" path="/login" scope="request"
- type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy">
- <forward name="success" path="/success.jsp" />
- <forward name="fail" path="/fail.jsp" />
- </action>
- </action-mappings>
- <message-resources
- parameter="com.qdu.sun.struts.ApplicationResources" />
- <plug-in
- className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
- <set-property property="contextConfigLocation"
- value="/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml" />
- </plug-in>
- </struts-config>
/SSHLoginDemo/src/applicationContext.xml
- 代码
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd">
- <bean id="login" class="com.qdu.sun.BO.LoginBO" />
- <bean name="/login" class="com.qdu.sun.struts.action.LoginAction">
- <property name="loginBean">
- <ref bean="login" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="sessionFactory"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation"
- value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml">
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="UserDAO" class="com.qdu.sun.hibernate.UserDAO">
- <property name="sessionFactory">
- <ref bean="sessionFactory" />
- </property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
前端页面
/SSHLoginDemo/WebRoot/login.jsp
- 代码
- <%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
- <%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean" prefix="bean"%>
- <%@ taglib uri="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html" prefix="html"%>
- <html>
- <head>
- <title>JSP for LoginForm form</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <html:form action="/login">
- password : <html:password property="password"/><html:errors property="password"/><br/>
- username : <html:text property="username"/><html:errors property="username"/><br/>
- <html:submit/><html:cancel/>
- </html:form>
- </body>
- </html>
struts
/SSHLoginDemo/src/com/qdu/sun/struts/action/LoginAction.java
- 代码
- /*
- * Generated by MyEclipse Struts
- * Template path: templates/java/JavaClass.vtl
- */
- package com.qdu.sun.struts.action;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
- import com.qdu.sun.BO.LoginBO;
- import com.qdu.sun.struts.form.LoginForm;
- /**
- * MyEclipse Struts
- * Creation date: 08-26-2008
- *
- * XDoclet definition:
- * @struts.action path="/login" name="loginForm" input="/login.jsp" scope="request" validate="true"
- * @struts.action-forward name="success" path="welcome.jsp"
- * @struts.action-forward name="fail" path="fail.jsp"
- */
- public class LoginAction extends Action {
- /*
- * Generated Methods
- */
- /**
- * Method execute
- * @param mapping
- * @param form
- * @param request
- * @param response
- * @return ActionForward
- */
- private LoginBO loginBean;
- public LoginBO getLoginBean() {
- return loginBean;
- }
- public void setLoginBean(LoginBO loginBean) {
- this.loginBean=loginBean;
- }
- public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
- HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
- LoginForm loginForm = (LoginForm) form;// TODO Auto-generated method stub
- LoginBO login=getLoginBean();
- if(login.validate(loginForm.getUsername(), loginForm.getPassword()))
- {
- request.setAttribute("username", loginForm.getUsername());
- return mapping.findForward("success");
- }
- else
- return mapping.findForward("fail");
- }
- }
/SSHLoginDemo/src/com/qdu/sun/struts/form/LoginForm.java
- 代码
- /*
- * Generated by MyEclipse Struts
- * Template path: templates/java/JavaClass.vtl
- */
- package com.qdu.sun.struts.form;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
- import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;
- /**
- * MyEclipse Struts
- * Creation date: 08-26-2008
- *
- * XDoclet definition:
- * @struts.form name="loginForm"
- */
- public class LoginForm extends ActionForm {
- /*
- * Generated fields
- */
- /** password property */
- private String password;
- /** username property */
- private String username;
- /*
- * Generated Methods
- */
- /**
- * Method validate
- * @param mapping
- * @param request
- * @return ActionErrors
- */
- public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,
- HttpServletRequest request) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- ActionErrors errors=new ActionErrors();
- if(this.username==null||this.username.length()<1)
- errors.add("username", new ActionMessage("login.username"));
- if(this.password==null||this.password.length()<1)
- errors.add("password", new ActionMessage("login.password"));
- return errors;
- }
- /**
- * Method reset
- * @param mapping
- * @param request
- */
- public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- this.username=null;
- this.password=null;
- }
- /**
- * Returns the password.
- * @return String
- */
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- /**
- * Set the password.
- * @param password The password to set
- */
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- /**
- * Returns the username.
- * @return String
- */
- public String getUsername() {
- return username;
- }
- /**
- * Set the username.
- * @param username The username to set
- */
- public void setUsername(String username) {
- this.username = username;
- }
- }
spring
/SSHLoginDemo/src/com/qdu/sun/BO/LoginBO.java
- 代码
- package com.qdu.sun.BO;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- import com.qdu.sun.hibernate.User;
- import com.qdu.sun.hibernate.UserDAO;
- public class LoginBO {
- public boolean validate(String username, String password) {
- ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
- "applicationContext.xml");
- UserDAO dao = (UserDAO) ctx.getBean("UserDAO");
- User user = new User();
- user.setPassword(password);
- user.setUsername(username);
- List list = dao.findByExample(user);
- if (list.size() > 0) {
- return true;
- } else {
- return false;
- }
- }
- }
hibernate
/SSHLoginDemo/src/com/qdu/sun/hibernate/UserDAO.java
- 代码
- package com.qdu.sun.hibernate;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
- import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
- import org.hibernate.LockMode;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
- /**
- * A data access object (DAO) providing persistence and search support for User
- * entities. Transaction control of the save(), update() and delete() operations
- * can directly support Spring container-managed transactions or they can be
- * augmented to handle user-managed Spring transactions. Each of these methods
- * provides additional information for how to configure it for the desired type
- * of transaction control.
- *
- * @see com.qdu.sun.hibernate.User
- * @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
- */
- public class UserDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport {
- private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(UserDAO.class);
- // property constants
- public static final String USERNAME = "username";
- public static final String PASSWORD = "password";
- protected void initDao() {
- // do nothing
- }
- public void save(User transientInstance) {
- log.debug("saving User instance");
- try {
- getHibernateTemplate().save(transientInstance);
- log.debug("save successful");
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("save failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public void delete(User persistentInstance) {
- log.debug("deleting User instance");
- try {
- getHibernateTemplate().delete(persistentInstance);
- log.debug("delete successful");
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("delete failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public User findById(java.lang.Integer id) {
- log.debug("getting User instance with id: " + id);
- try {
- User instance = (User) getHibernateTemplate().get(
- "com.qdu.sun.hibernate.User", id);
- return instance;
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("get failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public List findByExample(User instance) {
- log.debug("finding User instance by example");
- try {
- List results = getHibernateTemplate().findByExample(instance);
- log.debug("find by example successful, result size: "
- + results.size());
- return results;
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("find by example failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public List findByProperty(String propertyName, Object value) {
- log.debug("finding User instance with property: " + propertyName
- + ", value: " + value);
- try {
- String queryString = "from User as model where model."
- + propertyName + "= ?";
- return getHibernateTemplate().find(queryString, value);
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("find by property name failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public List findByUsername(Object username) {
- return findByProperty(USERNAME, username);
- }
- public List findByPassword(Object password) {
- return findByProperty(PASSWORD, password);
- }
- public List findAll() {
- log.debug("finding all User instances");
- try {
- String queryString = "from User";
- return getHibernateTemplate().find(queryString);
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("find all failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public User merge(User detachedInstance) {
- log.debug("merging User instance");
- try {
- User result = (User) getHibernateTemplate().merge(detachedInstance);
- log.debug("merge successful");
- return result;
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("merge failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public void attachDirty(User instance) {
- log.debug("attaching dirty User instance");
- try {
- getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(instance);
- log.debug("attach successful");
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("attach failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public void attachClean(User instance) {
- log.debug("attaching clean User instance");
- try {
- getHibernateTemplate().lock(instance, LockMode.NONE);
- log.debug("attach successful");
- } catch (RuntimeException re) {
- log.error("attach failed", re);
- throw re;
- }
- }
- public static UserDAO getFromApplicationContext(ApplicationContext ctx) {
- return (UserDAO) ctx.getBean("UserDAO");
- }
- }