PXE+NFS+FTP+kickstarter无人值守安装linux系统

 1、系统环境

Centos 5.5

IP:192.168.11.5,  Gateway: 192.168.11.1

2 、使用yum方式安装软件包

yum install -y tftp* xinetd dhcpd

3 、配置dhcp服务器

cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcpd.conf
[root@localhost tftpboot]# vi /etc/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
next-server 192.168.11.5;
allow booting;
allow bootp;

subnet 192.168.11.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

# --- default gateway
        option routers                  192.168.11.1;
        option subnet-mask              255.255.255.0;

        option nis-domain               "domain.org";
        option domain-name              "domain.org";
        option domain-name-servers      192.168.11.1;

        option time-offset              -18000; # Eastern Standard Time
#       option ntp-servers              192.168.1.1;
#       option netbios-name-servers     192.168.1.1;
# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless
# -- you understand Netbios very well
#       option netbios-node-type 2;

        range dynamic-bootp 192.168.11.128 192.168.11.254;
        default-lease-time 21600;
        max-lease-time 43200;

        # we want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address
        host ns {
                next-server marvin.redhat.com;
                hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;
                fixed-address 207.175.42.254;
        }
}

4、配置tftp服务器

[root@localhost tftpboot]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
#       protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
#       workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
#       and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -u nobody -s /tftpboot #指定目录
        disable                 = no  #将yes改为no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}
~
~
~
~
"/etc/xinetd.d/tftp" 18L, 519C

5、配置NFS服务器，添加共享目录

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/exports
/mnt *(ro,sync)
/tftpboot *(ro,sync)

6、复制pxelinux.0、initrd.img、vmlinuz、isolinux/*.msg

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/
cp /mnt/images/pxeboot/{initrd.img,vmlinuz} /tftpboot/
mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
touch /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
vi /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default linux
prompt 1
timeout 600
display boot.msg
F1 boot.msg
F2 options.msg
F3 general.msg
F4 param.msg
F5 rescue.msg
label linux
  kernel vmlinuz
#  append initrdinitrd=initrd.img
  append initrdinitrd=initrd.img   ks=nfs:192.168.11.5:/tftpboot/ks.cfg
label text
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrdinitrd=initrd.img text  以文本模式安装
label ks
  kernel vmlinuz
  append ks initrdinitrd=initrd.img
label local
  localboot 1
label memtest86
  kernel memtest
  append -

Pxe已经完成了，想用ks完成全自动安装的可以往下看。

7、使用kickstarter配置无人值守。

[root@localhost tftpboot]# pwd
/tftpboot
[root@localhost tftpboot]# ls
initrd.img  ks.cfg  pxelinux.0  pxelinux.cfg  vmlinuz
 [root@localhost tftpboot]# vi ks.cfg
install
nfs --server=192.168.11.5 --dir=/mnt
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
network --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --hostname localhost
rootpw --iscrypted $1$kE50pGl1$imqt12NcqN6KiJGToKNZo0
firewall --disable
authconfig --enableshadow --enablemd5
selinux --enforcing
timezone Asia/Shanghai
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda
# The following is the partition information you requested
# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed
# here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is
# not guaranteed to work
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100
part swap --size=2048
part / --fstype ext3 --size=1 --grow

%packages
@core
@base
device-mapper-multipath
imake
*******************************************************************************

8、启动服务

service dhcpd start
service xinetd start
service portmap start
service nfslock start
service nfs start

9、被安装服务器上安装测试（选择pxe启动方式）

到这一步说明我们配置的dhcp服务器起作用了，我们直接回撤，系统开始查找系统文件自动安装