oracle备份如何到异机还原

 

 情景描述：



有朋友问，MSSQLSERVER将数据库备份还原到其它机器很方便，基本就是傻瓜式操作，oracle有控制文件、参数文件一堆东西，

觉得还原很复杂；其实不然，我抽出了点时间，简单演示下案例，朋友们，参考下！为了简单快速，我采用RMAN备份和还原









--说明：
(1).RMAN备份到异机恢复的时候，db_name需要相同。

如果说要想改成其他的实例名，可以在恢复成功后，用nid 命令修改。 实例名的信息会
记录到控制文件里，所以如果在恢复的时候，如果实例名不一致，恢复的时候会报错。


(2).恢复的路径和源库不一致时，就需要在restore命令中使用set 命令指定新位置，
并且使用switch datafile all将变更信息更新的到控制文件中。




测试环境：

源数据库服务器A,安装在E,备份目录已在E盘；


源数据库服务器B,安装在F盘.







------------------------------------

一、源数据库准备工作

------------------------------------

--1. 查询DBID



SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

NAME            DBID
--------- ----------
ORCL       1320546556



--2. 备份源数据DB

run {
configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on;  --自动开启控制文件备份
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to 'E:\backup\controlfile\bak_%F';
allocate channel c1 device type disk format  'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
allocate channel c2 device type disk format 'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup incremental level=0 database skip inaccessible
plus archivelog filesperset 20
delete all input;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backupset;
delete noprompt obsolete;


--或

run {
configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;
allocate channel c1 device type disk format  'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
allocate channel c2 device type disk format 'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup incremental level=0 database skip inaccessible
plus archivelog filesperset 20
delete all input;
--手动直接指明备份文件名和路径
backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctrollfile' format='E:\backup\controlfile\bak_ctl_file_%U_%T';
backup spfile tag='bak_spfile' format='E:\backup\controlfile\bak_spfile_%U_%T';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backupset;
delete noprompt obsolete;



--3.手动备份spfile

create pfile='E:\backup\inittest.ora' from spfile;


------------------------------------

二、目标库准备工作：

------------------------------------

---步骤1. 创建口令文件

--如果有就不需要新建.

orapwd file=F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database\PWDorcl.ora password=password



--步骤2.恢复参数文件


--方法1.源数据库spfile并拷贝到B数据库服务器


\\192.168.2.25\e$\backup\inittest.ORA
复制到
E:\bk\inittest.ORA






--步骤3.编辑参数文件中的文件路径

如路径和原来一样，则不需修改

 eg：
 - *_DUMP_DEST
 - LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST*
 - CONTROL_FILES


---实例：

orcl.__db_cache_size=939524096
orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__oracle_base='F:\app\Administrator'#修改路径
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=855638016
orcl.__sga_target=2550136832
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=1526726656
orcl.__streams_pool_size=16777216
*.audit_file_dest='F:\app\Administrator\admin\orcl\adump'  #修改路径
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
#修改路径
*.control_files='F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control01.ctl','F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control02.ctl','F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control03.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='F:\arch'  #修改路径
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=6442450944
*.diagnostic_dest='F:\app\Administrator'  #修改路径
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=f:\arch'  #修改路径
*.nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss'
*.open_cursors=300
*.optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines=TRUE
*.pga_aggregate_target=845152256
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=2536505344
*.skip_unusable_indexes=TRUE
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'





--步骤4.重启实例，使用已编辑好的参数文件

将用pfile将B数据库服务器启动到nomout 状态

rman target /

startup nomount pfile='e:\bk\inittest.ora'






--步骤5.恢复控制文件，装载数据库



rman target /


set dbid 1320546556


restore controlfile from 'e:\bk\controlfile\BAK_CTL_FILE_6LO6SON4_1_1_20130412';


启动 restore 于 2013-04-11 13:58:58
使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录
分配的通道: ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: SID=129 设备类型=DISK

通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在还原控制文件
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 还原完成, 用时: 00:00:01
输出文件名=F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\CONTROL01.CTL
输出文件名=F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\CONTROL02.CTL
输出文件名=F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\CONTROL03.CTL
完成 restore 于 2013-04-11 13:59:00




--步骤6.将DB启动到mout状态

alter database mount;

数据库已装载
释放的通道: ORA_DISK_1


--加载备份目录

CATALOG START WITH 'E:\bk';

搜索与样式 E:\bk 匹配的所有文件

数据库未知文件的列表
====================================
文件名: E:\bk\controlfile\BAK_C-1320546556-20130411-03
文件名: E:\bk\controlfile\BAK_CTL_FILE_65O6QILO_1_1_20130411
文件名: E:\bk\controlfile\BAK_SPFILE_66O6QILQ_1_1_20130411
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_60O6QIGV
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_61O6QIGV
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_62O6QIH1
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_63O6QIH1
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_64O6QILM

是否确实要将上述文件列入目录 (输入 YES 或 NO)? yes
正在编制文件目录...
目录编制完毕

已列入目录的文件的列表
======================
文件名: E:\bk\controlfile\BAK_C-1320546556-20130411-03
文件名: E:\bk\controlfile\BAK_CTL_FILE_65O6QILO_1_1_20130411
文件名: E:\bk\controlfile\BAK_SPFILE_66O6QILQ_1_1_20130411
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_60O6QIGV
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_61O6QIGV
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_62O6QIH1
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_63O6QIH1
文件名: E:\bk\data\BAK_64O6QILM






--步骤7.restore 数据库


7.1 恢复目录不同的情况：




到Target 库查询一下：
SQL>  select trim(file_id),trim(file_name) from dba_data_files ORDER BY FILE_ID ASC;

1 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
2 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
3 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
4 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
6 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY02.DBF
7 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY03.DBF
8 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY04.DBF
9 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY05.DBF
11 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY06.DBF
12 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY07.DBF
13 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY08.DBF
14 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY09.DBF
15 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY10.DBF
16 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY01.DBF
17 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY11.DBF
18 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY12.DBF
19 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY13.DBF
20 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY14.DBF
21 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY15.DBF
22 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY16.DBF
23 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY17.DBF
24 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY18.DBF
25 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY19.DBF
26 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY20.DBF




SQL>select trim(file_id),trim(file_name) from dba_temp_files;

1 E:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF





select 'SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE'|| ' '||file_id||' '||'TO'|| ' '||''''||trim(file_name)||'''' ||';'
from dba_data_files ORDER BY FILE_ID ASC;

---如下实例:


RUN
{
# rename the datafiles
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 1 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 2 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 3 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 4 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 6 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY02.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 7 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY03.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 8 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY04.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 9 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY05.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 11 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY06.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 12 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY07.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 13 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY08.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 14 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY09.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 15 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY10.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 16 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY01.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 17 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY11.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 18 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY12.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 19 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY13.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 20 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY14.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 21 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY15.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 22 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY16.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 23 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY17.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 24 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY18.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 25 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY19.DBF';
SET NEWNAME FOR DATAFILE 26 TO 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\VPAY20.DBF';
SQL "ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE ''E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO01.LOG''
TO ''F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO01.LOG'' ";
SQL "ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE ''E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO02.LOG''
TO ''F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO02.LOG'' ";
SQL "ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE ''E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO03.LOG''
TO ''F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO03.LOG'' ";
RESTORE DATABASE;
SWITCH DATAFILE ALL;
}




对switch datafile all的说明：
--对于nocatalog 模式下，rman备份的信息是保存在控制文件里的，包括文件的路径信息。 这里的switch datafile all的作用，就是更新控制文件里的信息。


--步骤8.recover 数据库

RECOVER DATABASE;


/***常见错误:

归档日志线程=1 序列=1696
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: recover 命令 (在 04/11/2013 15:18:07 上) 失败
RMAN-06054: 介质恢复正在请求未知的线程 1 序列 1696 的归档日志以及起始 SCN 240793
29


---解决方法:

RMAN> recover database until scn 24159677;

启动 recover 于 2013-04-11 15:29:05
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1

正在开始介质的恢复
介质恢复完成, 用时: 00:00:02

完成 recover 于 2013-04-11 15:29:11

***/





----步骤9.open...resetlogs打开数据库

alter database open resetlogs;




/*******常见错误:

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: alter db 命令 (在 04/11/2013 15:38:25 上) 失败
ORA-00392: 日志 1 (用于线程 1) 正被清除, 不允许操作
ORA-00312: 联机日志 1 线程 1: 'F:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG'



----解决办法:


SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log;

    GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M'                      STATUS
---------- ----------------------------------------- ----------------
         1 50M                                       CLEARING_CURRENT
         3 50M                                       CLEARING
         2 50M                                       CLEARING



SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;  --清空日志文件



SQL> alter database clear logfile group 2;



SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;


SQL> select group#,bytes/1024/1024||'M',status from v$log;

   GROUP# BYTES/1024/1024||'M'                      STATUS
--------- ----------------------------------------- ----------------
        1 50M                                       CURRENT
        3 50M                                       UNUSED
        2 50M                                       UNUSED





*******/



---步骤10:处理temp 临时表空间

sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF   --控制文件中路径还在E盘



--A数据库表空间offline

SQL> alter database tempfile 'E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF' offline;

Database altered.



--在OS 级别移动temp的数据文件到B数据库服务器

SQL> mv E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF  F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF



--修改控制文件中temp文件的信息

SQL> alter database rename file 'E:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF' to 'F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF';





--temp 表空间online

SQL> alter database tempfile 'F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF' online;

Database altered.



--验证

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\TEMP01.DBF