软件的配置[转]
软件的配置来自 http://arithboy.org/wiki/gnu/arch/Soft.html
Contents
http_port 59.64.5.62:3128
cache_mem 100 MB
acl wang src "/home/arch/.proxy"#保存代理服务器用户的IP
http_access allow wang top ssh出错提示如下:
# sshd
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
Disabling protocol version 1. Could not load host key
Disabling protocol version 2. Could not load host key
sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting.解决方法ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N ""
ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N ""
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ""sshd 使用/etc/hosts.allow和hosts.deny.要注意配置 top ssh 无密码配置
ssh S
cat /tmp/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
rm /tmp/id_rsa.pub以后 ssh S时则直接以wang登录不需要密码了.
mkdir /etc/sfs
sfskey gen -P /etc/sfs/sfs_host_key
mkdir -p /var/sfs/root/usr1
mkdir -p /var/sfs/root/usr2
echo "Export /var/sfs/root /" >>/etc/sfs/sfsrwsd_config
echo "Export /mnt/pp/fs2 /usr2" >>/etc/sfs/sfsrwsd_config
echo "Export /mnt/skate/fs1 /usr1" >>/etc/sfs/sfsrwsd_config
echo "/var/sfs/root localhost(rw)" >> /etc/exports
echo "/mnt/pp/fs2 localhost(rw)" >> /etc/exports
echo "/mnt/skate/fs1 localhost(rw)" >> /etc/exports
#配置完成~ top Alsaalsactl restore top Mplayer 字幕配置关键是字体没有可读权限,搞了半天.font=/usr/share/texmf-local/fonts/truetype/simsun.ttf
subcp=cp936
subfont-text-scale=5 top 在apache 使用utf-8在apache配置文件中
AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-1 -> AddDefaultCharset off top .serverauth.????问题的解决使用startx启动X,主目录下有.serverauth.????文件, 详细见 http://www.shallowsky.com/blog/index.cgi/linux/serverauth.html编辑/usr/bin/startx
将
xserverauthfile=$HOME/.serverauth.$$
替换为
xserverauthfile=$XAUTHORITY top fcitxexport LC_ALL=zh_CN.gbk
export LANG=zh_CN.gbk
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx应设置在fcitx启动之前. top 普通用户使用ntfs在fstab中/dev/sda6 /mnt/e ntfs ro,user,noauto,umask=222,iocharset=utf8 0 0 top rsync 的@ERROR: chdir failed错误配置文件从网页上直接拷贝,要删除额外的符号和空格,使用TAB来对齐,即可解决. top DNS 服务器配置启动时 提示named: capset failed: Operation not permitted: please ensure that the capset kernel module is loaded. see insmod(8)加载capset模块时发现不存在,在mailist上看到应该加载模块capability,应该是模块改名了modprobe capabilityArch linux 备份系统注意事项
Arch启动速度的优化
REMOVE_SCSI=
REMOVE_SATA=
REMOVE_CDROM=1
REMOVE_USB=1
REMOVE_FW=1
REMOVE_RAID=1
REMOVE_DM=1
REMOVE_FS=然后[arch@Archlinux ~]$ hwdetect --sata
HOSTCONTROLLER_SATA: ata_piix
[arch@Archlinux ~]$ hwdetect --scsi
HOSTCONTROLLER_SCSI: sd_mod把上面检测的两个模块添加到下面HOSTCONTROLLER_IDE=
HOSTCONTROLLER_SCSI="sd_mod"
HOSTCONTROLLER_SATA="ata_piix"
HOSTCONTROLLER_USB=
FILESYSTEMS="reiserfs"然后sudo mkinitrd auto --show如果你的是ide硬盘,将REMOVE_SCSI= REMOVE_SATA=都设为1[arch@Archlinux ~]$ hwdetect --ide将显示的模块加入HOSTCONTROLLER_IDE= 即可. 现在initrd26.img体积小多了.-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3576874 2006-02-21 19:21 initrd26-full.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3079937 2006-02-23 08:54 initrd26.bak.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 808558 2006-02-23 10:01 initrd26.img后两个大家都很熟悉了. 2. 编辑 /etc/rc.conf,将不需要的模块加入 BLACKLIST.
Contents
- squid
- ssh
-
- ssh 无密码配置
- SFS 服务器配置
- Alsa
- Mplayer 字幕配置
- 在apache 使用utf-8
- .serverauth.????问题的解决
- fcitx
- 普通用户使用ntfs
- rsync 的@ERROR: chdir failed错误
- DNS 服务器配置
http_port 59.64.5.62:3128
cache_mem 100 MB
acl wang src "/home/arch/.proxy"#保存代理服务器用户的IP
http_access allow wang top ssh出错提示如下:
# sshd
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
Disabling protocol version 1. Could not load host key
Disabling protocol version 2. Could not load host key
sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting.解决方法ssh-keygen -t rsa1 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key -N ""
ssh-keygen -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key -N ""
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -N ""sshd 使用/etc/hosts.allow和hosts.deny.要注意配置 top ssh 无密码配置
假设S为远程服务器,C为本地客户端,两台机器都有用户wang.
在C里运行
ssh-keygen -t rsa一路回车即可.scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub S:/tmpssh S
cat /tmp/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
rm /tmp/id_rsa.pub以后 ssh S时则直接以wang登录不需要密码了.
注意S上~/.ssh权限为 755.
top SFS 服务器配置pacman -S sfsmkdir /etc/sfs
sfskey gen -P /etc/sfs/sfs_host_key
mkdir -p /var/sfs/root/usr1
mkdir -p /var/sfs/root/usr2
echo "Export /var/sfs/root /" >>/etc/sfs/sfsrwsd_config
echo "Export /mnt/pp/fs2 /usr2" >>/etc/sfs/sfsrwsd_config
echo "Export /mnt/skate/fs1 /usr1" >>/etc/sfs/sfsrwsd_config
echo "/var/sfs/root localhost(rw)" >> /etc/exports
echo "/mnt/pp/fs2 localhost(rw)" >> /etc/exports
echo "/mnt/skate/fs1 localhost(rw)" >> /etc/exports
#配置完成~ top Alsaalsactl restore top Mplayer 字幕配置关键是字体没有可读权限,搞了半天.font=/usr/share/texmf-local/fonts/truetype/simsun.ttf
subcp=cp936
subfont-text-scale=5 top 在apache 使用utf-8在apache配置文件中
AddDefaultCharset ISO-8859-1 -> AddDefaultCharset off top .serverauth.????问题的解决使用startx启动X,主目录下有.serverauth.????文件, 详细见 http://www.shallowsky.com/blog/index.cgi/linux/serverauth.html编辑/usr/bin/startx
将
xserverauthfile=$HOME/.serverauth.$$
替换为
xserverauthfile=$XAUTHORITY top fcitxexport LC_ALL=zh_CN.gbk
export LANG=zh_CN.gbk
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx应设置在fcitx启动之前. top 普通用户使用ntfs在fstab中/dev/sda6 /mnt/e ntfs ro,user,noauto,umask=222,iocharset=utf8 0 0 top rsync 的@ERROR: chdir failed错误配置文件从网页上直接拷贝,要删除额外的符号和空格,使用TAB来对齐,即可解决. top DNS 服务器配置启动时 提示named: capset failed: Operation not permitted: please ensure that the capset kernel module is loaded. see insmod(8)加载capset模块时发现不存在,在mailist上看到应该加载模块capability,应该是模块改名了modprobe capabilityArch linux 备份系统注意事项
1.首先备份/home分区.
2.备份全局设置,主要是修改过的系统/软件配置文件 下面是我的配置,文件名sysfile
/etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/abs/abs.conf /etc/acpi/actions /etc/fonts/local.conf /etc/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.allow /etc/hosts.deny /etc/inputrc /etc/laptop-mode/ /etc/locale.gen /etc/makepkg.conf /etc/mkinitrd.conf /etc/network-profiles /etc/pacman.conf /etc/profile /etc/rc.conf /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/squid/squid.conf /etc/rsyncd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf 2.恢复以后重新运行的命令 locale-gen visudo pppoe-setup3.PKGBUILD的备份.
建议平时使用时就设立本地软件库, 在makepkg.conf中修改
export PKGDEST=/var/mypkgs 使每次运行makepkg时会将软件包生成到/var/mypkgs中,然后运行 sudo gensync /var/abs/local /var/mypkgs/custom.db.tar.gz 在pacman.conf中添加 [custom] Server = file:///var/mypkgs 备份软件的PKGBUILD,*.install,*.patch等 find /var/abs/local -maxdepth 2 -type f ! -name "filelist" >mypkgs 上面将local下子目录中的文件(不包括目录和filelist)路径输入到mypkgs使用
tar -cjvf mypkgs.tar.bz2 -T mypkgs tar -cjvf sysfile.tar.bz2 -T sysfile备份已经安装软件列表
pacman -Q|sed -e 's/ .*[0-9]$/ /g' -e '1 i\pacman -S '|tr -d "\012" >soft chmod +x soft 生成soft文件格式为"pacman -S soft1 soft2 ... softn" 下次运行该脚本即可.这样会改变软件包的"Reason",可能将"installed as a dependency for another package"改变为"explicitly installed".
Linux下常用命令Contents- lftp
- 选择字体
- 更改网卡地址
- 获取网卡地址
- 查看目录所占空间
- 将文件名从gbk转换为utf8
- Xorg
查看文件格式
file lftp 下载整个目录 mirror -c --parallel=number remotedir localdir top 选择字体xfontsel top 更改网卡地址修改 /etc/network/interfaces 加一行 hwaddress ether ##:##:##:##:##:## 然后 # /etc/init.d/networking restart top 获取网卡地址arp -a 59.64.5.1 top 查看目录所占空间du -sh dir/ top 将文件名从gbk转换为utf8convmv -f cp936 -t utf8 --notest -r dir/ top Xorg工具 gtf xdpyinfo 用于修改显示器的各种属性等,调整老机器的花屏现象. 还有 xvidtuneArch启动速度的优化
最近lsmod一下,发现列出的模块N多,好几个屏幕才显示完,故查了一下,找到篇文章解决这个问题 http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=19097
1. 重新制作initrd.首先备份/boot/initrd26.img,修改 /etc/mkinitrd.conf. 这里的模块只是用来支持arch的启动,所以usb,cd的模块可以禁用掉,启动以后需要时再加载. 例如我的硬盘是sata的:
REMOVE_IDE=1REMOVE_SCSI=
REMOVE_SATA=
REMOVE_CDROM=1
REMOVE_USB=1
REMOVE_FW=1
REMOVE_RAID=1
REMOVE_DM=1
REMOVE_FS=然后[arch@Archlinux ~]$ hwdetect --sata
HOSTCONTROLLER_SATA: ata_piix
[arch@Archlinux ~]$ hwdetect --scsi
HOSTCONTROLLER_SCSI: sd_mod把上面检测的两个模块添加到下面HOSTCONTROLLER_IDE=
HOSTCONTROLLER_SCSI="sd_mod"
HOSTCONTROLLER_SATA="ata_piix"
HOSTCONTROLLER_USB=
FILESYSTEMS="reiserfs"然后sudo mkinitrd auto --show如果你的是ide硬盘,将REMOVE_SCSI= REMOVE_SATA=都设为1[arch@Archlinux ~]$ hwdetect --ide将显示的模块加入HOSTCONTROLLER_IDE= 即可. 现在initrd26.img体积小多了.-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3576874 2006-02-21 19:21 initrd26-full.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3079937 2006-02-23 08:54 initrd26.bak.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 808558 2006-02-23 10:01 initrd26.img后两个大家都很熟悉了. 2. 编辑 /etc/rc.conf,将不需要的模块加入 BLACKLIST.
3. 编译 /etc/rc.conf 在某些daemons前加上@,使之在后台运行.加快启动速度. 例如我的
DAEMONS=(syslog-ng network @crond @sshd @squid !alsa)