#####################################################system 优化
1增大系统连接数:ulimit -SHn 65535,如果不生效vi /etc/security/limits.conf文件最后加上
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
解决方法:
使用 ulimit �Cn 65535 可即时修改,但重启后就无效了。(注ulimit -SHn 65535 等效 ulimit -n 65535 ,-S 指soft ,-H 指hard)
有如下三种修改方式:
在/etc/rc.local 中增加一行 ulimit -SHn 65535
2. 在/etc/profile 中增加一行 ulimit -SHn 65535
3.在/etc/security/limits.conf 最后增加:
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
具体使用哪种,在 CentOS 中使用第1 种方式无效果,使用第3 种方式有效果,而在Debian 中使用第2 种有效果
3 发现存在大量 TIME_WAIT 状态的连接
问题描述: 发现大量 time_wait 状态的连接 , 有时甚至达到 7000 以上
netstat n | awk '/^tcp/ {++state[$NF]} END {for(key in state) print key,"\t",state[key]}'
查找较多 time_wait 连接
netstat -n|grep TIME_WAIT|awk '{print $5}'|sort|uniq -c|sort -rn|head -n20
发现是 DB 服务器的 mysql 和 memcache 的未释放导致。
建议:在 PHP程序开发时,建议大家尽量 mysql_close,减少 msyql消耗。
解决方法: 对于大量使用 tcp 连接的应用来说,也需要对 /etc/sysctl.conf 中的参数进行相应优化 :vim /etc/sysctl.conf
编辑文件,加入以下内容:
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
然后执行 /sbin/sysctl -p 让参数生效。优化后:发现大量的 TIME_WAIT 已不存在, mysql 进程的占用率很快就降下来的。
################################php-fpm 优化
2根据服务器内存情况,可以把PHP FastCGI子进程数调到100或以上,在4G内存的服务器上200就可以
服务器上内存为8G,我把PHP FastCGI子进程数调整到300
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
将max_children修改为300
增加 PHP-FPM 打开文件描述符的限制:
# vi /path/to/php-fpm.conf
找到“1024”
把1024 更改为 4096 或者更高.
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
<value name="style">static</value>
<value name="max_children">128</value>
<value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
<value name="max_requests">102400</value>
##########################################################################
3.调高linux内核打开文件数量,可以使用这些命令(必须是root帐号)
echo 'ulimit -HSn 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -HSn 65536' >> /etc/rc.local
source /etc/profile
###################################################php.ini 优化
调试php的时候开起display_errors = On 默认是off ;生产环境建议关闭
disable_functions =passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepas
sthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdnsrr,getservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_erro
r,posix_getcwd, posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid, posix_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid, posix_g
etppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_getpwuid, posix_getrlimit, posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty, posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid, posix_s
etpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname
把不用的函数禁用,会比较安全
open_basedir = /data/www/ #将用户可操作的文件限制在某目录
safe_mode = on #打开php的安全模式,开启重要文件的权限控制
safe_mode_exec_dir = /data/www/ #执行某些程序目录设置。不要执行任何程序,那么就可以指向我们网页目录
disable_functions = chdir,getcwd,scandir,chgrp,chmod,chown #禁用函数
expose_php = Off #关闭PHP版本信息在http头中的泄漏
display_errors = Off #禁止错误
关闭error_reporting
log_errors = On
post_max_size = 8M
upload_max_filesize = 10M
apc.enabled = 1
apc.cache_by_default = on
apc.shm_segments = 1
apc.shm_size = 32
apc.ttl = 600
apc.user_ttl = 600
apc.num_files_hint = 0
apc.write_lock = On
###########################################mysql 优化
[client]
#password = your_password
default-character-set = utf8
port = 33306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 33306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
open_files_limit = 10240
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 1024
back_log = 600
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 64
thread_concurrency = 16
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
#default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
#slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout #以上适合R720的配置
##########################################################################