oracle11g 高可用性DataGuard配置

1,环境

1.1,primary

ip: 192.168.12.210

db_name: orcl

db_unique_name: orcl

数据库版本: oracle 11g R2 32

操作系统: centos 6.2   (查询命令cat/etc/redhat-release)

1.2,standby

ip: 192.168.12.211

db_name: orcl

db_unique_name: orcl2

数据库版本: oracle 11g R2 32

操作系统: centos 6.2   (查询命令cat/etc/redhat-release)

2,准备工作

2.1,将主库至于force_logging

alter database force logging

查询是否设置成功:

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR

---

YES

2.2,将主库至于归档模式

shutdown immediateàstartup mountàalter database archivelogàalter database open

查询是否设置成功:

archive log list

Database log mode            Archive Mode

Automatic archival           Enabled

Archive destination         /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/standbylog

Oldest online log sequence    20

Next log sequence to archive  0

Current log sequence          21

2.3,修改监听(动态，静态任选一种,tnsname配置略)

建议设置静态监听

2.3.1,设置监听为动态监听模式

LISTENER1 =

 (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

   (DESCRIPTION =

     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =oracleTest211.domain)(PORT = 1521))

   )

 )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER1 = /u01/app/oracle

2.3.2设置为静态监听模式

(这种模式主要是能在nomount模式中以服务名的方式连接数据库)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =  

 (SID_LIST =  

   (SID_DESC =  

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)  

     (ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)  

     (SID_NAME = orcl)  

   )  

 )  

LISTENER =  

 (DESCRIPTION_LIST =  

   (DESCRIPTION =  

     (ADDRESS_LIST =  

       (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST = oracleTest210.domain)(PORT = 1521))  

     )  

   )  

 )

2.4打开远程访问

2.4.1检查修改sqlnet.ora文件

vi  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (ALL)

说明:

none : 表示关闭操作系统认证，只能密码认证

all : 用于linux或unix平台，本机操作系统认证，异机使用密码文件认证

nts : 用于windows平台

2.4.2检查修改参数remote_login_passwordfile

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile= exclusive

说明:

none : 不使用密码文件认证

exclusive :要密码文件认证，自己独占使用(默认值)

shared ：要密码文件认证，不同实例dba用户可以共享密码文件

3,修改添加Primary初始化参数

说明:这里使用sql 语句修改的方式避免静态文件修改可能的误输入

alter system set db_unique_name='orcl' scope=spfile;

alter system setlog_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcl2)';

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archvalid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl2 lgwr sync valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl2';

alter system setlog_archive_dest_3='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standbylogvalid_for=(standby_logfile,standby_role) db_unique_name=orcl' scope=spfile;

--其实可以不要log_archive_dest_3的配置，直接将log_archive_dest_1中的primary_role改为all_role也可以

--等同于设置STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST

alter system setlog_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archvalid_for=(all_logfiles,all_role) db_unique_name=orcl';

alter system set db_file_name_convert='orcl2','orcl'scope=spfile;

--表示当本机变成standby时将primary的路径中的字符串“orcl2”替换成“orcl”

alter system set log_file_name_convert='orcl2','orcl'scope=spfile;

alter system set fal_client='orcl';

alter system set fal_server='orcl2';  

alter system set standby_file_management=auto;

4,Primary中添加standbylog

alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby04.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby05.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby06.log' size 50M;

alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby07.log' size 50M;

5, Primary上创建静态初始化文件，密码文件

5.1创建pfile

createpfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorclnew.ora' from spfile;

5.2创建密码文件

 orapwd file='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl'password=abc123 entries=5 force=y;

查询密码文件中的用户

 select * from v$pwfile_users;

6,SCP传输参数文件和密码文件到standby，并修改

6.1传输

scp initorclnew.oraorapworcl [email protected]:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

6.2 standby上重命名参数文件和密码文件

mv initorclnew.ora initorcl2.ora

mv orapworcl orapworcl2

6.3,standby机器上新建合适的文件夹

mkdir/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/arch

mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/standbylog

6.4,修改standby参数文件

vi initorcl2.ora

orcl.__db_cache_size=167772160

orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304

orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASEset from environment

orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=201326592

orcl.__sga_target=293601280

orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0

orcl.__shared_pool_size=109051904

orcl.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='orcl'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752

*.db_unique_name='orcl2'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)'

*.fal_client='orcl2'

*.fal_server='orcl'

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(orcl,orcl2)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/archvalid_for=(all_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl2'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl lgwr syncvalid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=orcl'

*.log_archive_dest_3='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/standbylogvalid_for=(standby_logfile,standby_role) db_unique_name=orcl2'

*.memory_target=492830720

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.db_file_name_convert='orcl','orcl2'

*.log_file_name_convert='orcl','orcl2'

7两种恢复standby的方式

7.1rman duplicate操作复制数据库

rman target sys/abc123@orcl auxiliary sys/abc123@orcl2

duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from activedatabase;

7.2复制数据库文件方式

7.2.1 Primary上创建standby控制文件

alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/control01.ctl';

7.2.2 传输standby控制文件

scp /u01/control01.ctl [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/

7.2.3 关闭primary，传输数据文件

shutdown immediate

scp redo* standby0* system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf sysaux01.dbftemp01.dbf users01.dbf [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2

8,将备库置于activedataguard模式下

8.1开始recover

primary  startupàstandby startup standby 执行：

alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

sision;

8.2查询standby_log

select status from v$standby_log;

8.3修改dataguard的数据保护模式为最高可用性模式

主备库都要运行

alter database set standby database to maximize availability;

查询当前状态

select switchover_status,open_mode,database_role,db_unique_name,protection_mode,

protection_level from v$database

将备库shutdown后，主库的PROTECTION_LEVEL将变为RESYNCHRONIZATION  

9.测试

主库:create sequence seq_test

   create table test(id int)

   insert into test values(seq_test.nextval)

   commit;

备库:select * from test;

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