使用ip link set eth0 up 命令启用网卡后,网络不通的问题的解决

最近在学Linux的IP命令,在做实验的时候发现一个问题。按照文档的描述,指令:

ip link set dev eth0 up

的作用和指令

ifup eth0

的作用是一样的,但是在试验过程中发现,执行

ip link set dev eth0 up

后,网卡的状态虽然显示为UP,但是网络却不通。通过仔细检查,发现执行完上述指令后,系统虽然启用了网卡,但是并没有添加路由信息,导致网络不通,具体情况如下:


首先,先来看一下当前的系统情况:


[root@linux ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b5:e4:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.137.100/24 brd 192.168.137.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb5:e40a/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b5:e4:14 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.1.1/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb5:e414/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@linux ~]#


当前eth0网卡的状态是UP。再来看一下目前的路由情况:

[root@linux ~]# ip route show
172.16.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.16.1.1
192.168.137.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.137.100
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0  scope link  metric 1002
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1  scope link  metric 1003
default via 192.168.137.2 dev eth0


从路由表中可以看出,当前的默认网关是192.168.137.2


现在我们用ip命令禁用网卡eth0,并查看路由表

[root@linux ~]# ip link set dev eth0 down

[root@linux ~]# ip route show

[root@linux Desktop]# ip route show
172.16.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.16.1.1
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1  scope link  metric 1003
[root@linux Desktop]#

从上可以看出,禁用网卡后,默认路由也被删除了。


现在重启网卡:

[root@linux Desktop]# ip link set dev eth0 up
[root@linux Desktop]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b5:e4:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.137.100/24 brd 192.168.137.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb5:e40a/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b5:e4:14 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.1.1/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global eth1
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb5:e414/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@linux Desktop]#


从上可以看出,此时eth0网卡已经是up状态,但是无法ping通公网IP

[root@linux Desktop]# ping 8.8.8.8
connect: Network is unreachable
[root@linux Desktop]#



查看路由:

[root@linux Desktop]# ip route show
172.16.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 172.16.1.1
192.168.137.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.137.100
169.254.0.0/16 dev eth1  scope link  metric 1003
[root@linux Desktop]#


发现缺少默认路由

手动配置路由后,继续测试,结果如下:

[root@linux Desktop]# ip route add default via 192.168.137.2
[root@linux Desktop]# ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=50.1 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=50.1 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=49.9 ms
64 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=50.7 ms
^C
--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 4 received, 20% packet loss, time 4756ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 49.955/50.247/50.739/0.336 ms
[root@linux Desktop]#


总结:

虽然都说指令 ip link set eth0 up和指令ifup eth0的作用是一样的,但是通过实践表明两者还是有区别的。ip link set eth0 up仅仅启用网卡,但是不会配置路由;而ifup指令不仅启用网卡,同时会配置默认路由。


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