通过sshpass实现自动配置搭建Hadoop完全分布式所需的SSH免密码访问

通过sshpass实现以非交互的形式为ssh提供密码

1、下载源码：wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/sshpass/files/sshpass/1.05/sshpass-1.05.tar.gz/download

2、所有机器都要编译安装sshpas（master，slave）

[root@master ~]# tar zxvf sshpass-1.05.tar.gz

[root@master ~]# cd sshpass-1.05

[root@master sshpass-1.05]# ./configure

[root@master sshpass-1.05]# make && make install

3、sshpass命令介绍

使用-p 参数指定明文密码，直接登录远程服务器， 它支持将密码通过命令行,文件,环境变量提供

[root@master ~]# sshpass

Usage: sshpass [-f|-d|-p|-e] [-hV] command parameters

  -f filename   Take password to use from file

  -d number     Use number as file descriptor for getting password

  -p password   Provide password as argument (security unwise)

  -e            Password is passed as env-var "SSHPASS"

  With no parameters - password will be taken from stdin

  -h            Show help (this screen)

  -V            Print version information

At most one of -f, -d, -p or -e should be used

1）从命令行方式传递密码

sshpass -p userpassword ssh [email protected]

2）从文件读取密码

echo "user_password" > user.passwd

sshpass -f user.passwd ssh [email protected]

3）从环境变量获取密码

export SSHPASS="user_password"

sshpass -e ssh [email protected]

sshpass -p [yourpassword] ssh [yourusername]@[host] [yourcommand]

4、消除首次ssh登录时要求输入yes确认

在所有机器上修改/etc/ssh/ssh_config文件中设置StrictHostKeyChecking no即可（默认为 ask ）

[root@master ~]# grep "StrictHostKeyChecking" /etc/ssh/ssh_config

StrictHostKeyChecking no

前提条件：

1、所有节点上都要设置相同的密码

2、在节点上（slave）正确安装并作了相应配置

用法

1、确保hadoop-prepare.sh脚本具有执行权限

2、根据需要修改hadoop-prepare.sh：

2.1）修改变量ADMIN_PASS: 用户root的密码

2.2）修改变量HADOOP_USER: 要在所有节点上创建的用户的用户名

2.3）修改变量HADOOP_PASS: 所有节点上创建的用户的对应密码

2.4）所有节点的主机名的列表：

2.4.1)  方式A：在变量OTHER_HOSTS中直接给出其他节点的hostname

2.4.2）方式B：在函数hostname_list_gen()中依据一定规则，自动生成其他节点的hostname

5、执行hadoop-ssh.sh go完成配置工作

    执行hadoop-ssh.sh test验证配置

测试：

[root@master ~]# ./hadoop-ssh.sh
Usage: ./hadoop-ssh.sh {start|test|info}
[root@master ~]# ./hadoop-ssh.sh  go
>>> All hostnames:
master
slave
>>> Distributing system configurations
Skipping localhost master
/etc/ssh/ssh_config to slave
Warning: Permanently added 'slave,192.168.200.102' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
/etc/hosts to slave
Warning: Permanently added 'master,192.168.200.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Changing password for user hadoop.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user hadoop.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
>>> Generating SSH key at each host
>>> All public keys copied to localhost
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEArhzopeVGYNvU3Prt8OgEmvmqS+zNJeX30779YMWaVvOKssl1oRQmPGHoqi/ofi82xKGCLIHTJDmgD79KfS+e/JSkVn24u9blrfby/UquU4LyyTRJ2zDv95DjkdIbB1AjAnYWph/lBF5xRjiJNP3M4HTh1YicZ5B6kN+inDE7j3As27ekHRmYX/9WaX6FKxdcRYIdLw+oVet8IFIc26woM4+csnZc+hS5slb78q0kvyRkI4SVPAoUYHZ95XGN76WoNIgxUis2qVlX+npTma1ByVlfllHY90STDGnbXGWC1XzfxYLGCyjeAqpCLHDLygEDU1CJGxqKBRy++ebxviUQWw== hadoop@master
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAzu0XCFKHnFeS9dmjpHNUETVQedub0G7n8PcaKF+S9HWyMcf3geQcp7avHeYjAtbY6gR8k1U25ZrrKIyC5oVNacb48Zd7xfA09Cbx+ySc0yfkmywrxSLr5AM7GTSD1sTgtYG4gEe7UTIMRwlnLiB0dHlZMYEIs5ZFKRGGaWIcwQTVNtokeaDH6VyNE5zCb0LoAVnhxjIxSql6jwNUqi742Jar6p0l5e9Y685J56jpb6Z2HVQsZRYgQw1ocDnP9FMSb5YgROK5Tl8VzEfjWgrfR7+3RMuC0HG32dXgUlSE+D0qx5jNDhy9b969QBfYzcKWh2RBdzDImY9K7yZTjTBtvw== hadoop@slave
>>> Distributing all public keys
[root@master ~]# su - hadoop
[hadoop@master ~]$ ssh slave
Warning: Permanently added 'slave,192.168.200.102' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[hadoop@master2 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to slave closed.
        
[hadoop@slave ~]$ ssh master
Warning: Permanently added 'master,192.168.200.101' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[hadoop@master ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to master closed.

脚本内容：

[root@master ~]# cat hadoop-ssh.sh

#!/bin/sh
#by Crushlinux
#2012-07-22
ADMIN_USER="root"
ADMIN_PASS="crushlinux"
HADOOP_USER="hadoop"
HADOOP_PASS="hadoop"
    
LOCAL_HOST=`hostname`
OTHER_HOSTS="slave1 slave2 slave3"
    
function hostname_list_gen()
{
        if [ -n "$OTHER_HOSTS" ]
        then
                HOSTNAME_LIST="$LOCAL_HOST $OTHER_HOSTS"
                return
        fi
    
        HOSTNAME_LIST=""
        for i in {1..4};
        do
                for j in {1..8};
                do
                        HOSTNAME_LIST="${HOSTNAME_LIST} gd1$i$j"
                done
        done
}
function hostname_list_print()
{
        echo ">>> All hostnames:"
        for host in $HOSTNAME_LIST;
        do
                echo $host
        done
}
    
function add_user()
{
        cmd="useradd $HADOOP_USER; echo '$HADOOP_PASS' | passwd $HADOOP_USER --stdin"
        for host in $HOSTNAME_LIST;
        do
                #echo "at $host: $cmd"
                sshpass -p $ADMIN_PASS ssh $ADMIN_USER@$host $cmd
        done
}
    
function ssh_auth()
{
        echo "" > $HADOOP_USER-authorized_keys
        echo ">>> Generating SSH key at each host"
        cmd_rm='rm -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa* ~/.ssh/known_hosts'
        cmd_gen='ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa'
        cmd_cat='cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub'
        for host in $HOSTNAME_LIST;
        do
                sshpass -p $HADOOP_PASS ssh $HADOOP_USER@$host $cmd_rm
                sshpass -p $HADOOP_PASS ssh $HADOOP_USER@$host $cmd_gen
                sshpass -p $HADOOP_PASS ssh $HADOOP_USER@$host $cmd_cat >> $HADOOP_USER-authorized_keys
        done
    
        echo ">>> All public keys copied to localhost"
        #ls -l /home/$HADOOP_USER/.ssh/authorized_keys
        cat $HADOOP_USER-authorized_keys
    
        echo ">>> Distributing all public keys"
        cmd_chmod="chmod 600 /home/$HADOOP_USER/.ssh/authorized_keys"
        for host in $HOSTNAME_LIST;
        do
                sshpass -p $HADOOP_PASS scp $HADOOP_USER-authorized_keys $HADOOP_USER@$host:/home/$HADOOP_USER/.ssh/authorized_keys
                sshpass -p $HADOOP_PASS ssh $HADOOP_USER@$host $cmd_chmod
        done
}
    
function ssh_subtest()
{
        for host in $HOSTNAME_LIST;
        do
                ssh $HADOOP_USER@$host hostname
        done
}
    
function ssh_test()
{
        echo ">>> Testing SSH authorization for $HADOOP_USER in all nodes"
        cmd="./$0 subtest"
        for host in $HOSTNAME_LIST;
        do
                echo ">>> Testing SSH authorization at $host"
                sshpass -p $HADOOP_PASS scp ./$0 $HADOOP_USER@$host:~
                sshpass -p $HADOOP_PASS ssh $HADOOP_USER@$host $cmd
        done
    
        return
}
    
HOSTS_CONF="/etc/hosts"
SSH_CONF="/etc/ssh/ssh_config"
    
function system_conf()
{
        echo ">>> Distributing system configurations"
        for host in $HOSTNAME_LIST;
        do
                if [ "$host" == "$LOCAL_HOST" ]
                then
                        echo "Skipping localhost $LOCAL_HOST"
                        continue
                fi
    
                echo "$SSH_CONF to $host"
                sshpass -p $ADMIN_PASS scp $SSH_CONF $ADMIN_USER@$host:$SSH_CONF
                echo "$HOSTS_CONF to $host"
                sshpass -p $ADMIN_PASS scp $HOSTS_CONF $ADMIN_USER@$host:$HOSTS_CONF
        done
}
function print_info()
{
        echo "Version: 2011-12-20"
        return
}
case "$1" in
        start)
                hostname_list_gen
                hostname_list_print
                system_conf
                add_user
                ssh_auth
                RETVAL=0
                ;;
        subtest)
                ssh_subtest
                RETVAL=0
                ;;
        test)
                ssh_test
                RETVAL=0
                ;;
        info)
                print_info
                RETVAL=0
                ;;
        *)
                echo $"Usage: $0 {go|test|info}"
                RETVAL=2
esac
exit $RETVAL

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