Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

   总结如下：

   Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

   DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

   具体如下图：

   根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

   第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

< bean id ="sessionFactory"
           class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
       class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

< bean id ="userDao"
       class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >

   第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

< bean id ="sessionFactory"
           class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
       class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

< bean id ="transactionBase"
           class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
           lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true" >
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >

<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

< bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" >
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
</ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

< bean id ="sessionFactory"
           class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
       class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

< bean id ="transactionInterceptor"
       class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >

< bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
< property name ="beanNames" >
< list >
< value > *Dao </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property name ="interceptorNames" >
< list >
< value > transactionInterceptor </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >

<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

< bean id ="sessionFactory"
           class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
       class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >

< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
           expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
           pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts" />
</ aop:config >
</ beans >

第五种方式：全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />

< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

< bean id ="sessionFactory"
           class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >

<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
       class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >

</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

public List < User > listUsers() {
return this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
   }


}