Java数字图像处理基础知识 - 必读

写了很多篇关于图像处理的文章,没有一篇介绍Java 2D的图像处理API,文章讨论和提及的

API都是基于JDK6的,首先来看Java中如何组织一个图像对象BufferedImage的,如图:


一个BufferedImage的像素数据储存在Raster中,ColorModel里面储存颜色空间,类型等

信息,当前Java只支持一下三种图像格式- JPG,PNG,GIF,如何向让Java支持其它格式,首

先要 完成Java中的图像读写接口,然后打成jar,加上启动参数- Xbootclasspath/p

newimageformatIO.jar即可。

 

Java中如何读写一个图像文件,使用ImageIO对象即可。读图像文件的代码如下:

File file = new File("D:\\test\\blue_flower.jpg"); BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file);

写图像文件的代码如下:

File outputfile = new File("saved.png"); ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png",outputfile);

从BufferedImage对象中读取像素数据的代码如下:

int type= image.getType(); if ( type ==BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB || type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB )      return (int [])image.getRaster().getDataElements(x, y, width, height, pixels ); else     return image.getRGB( x, y, width, height, pixels, 0, width );

首先获取图像类型,如果不是32位的INT型数据,直接读写RGB值即可,否则需要从Raster

对象中读取。

 

往BufferedImage对象中写入像素数据同样遵守上面的规则。代码如下:

int type= image.getType(); if ( type ==BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB || type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB )    image.getRaster().setDataElements(x, y, width, height, pixels ); else    image.setRGB(x, y, width, height, pixels, 0, width );


读取图像可能因为图像文件比较大,需要一定时间的等待才可以,Java Advance Image

Processor API提供了MediaTracker对象来跟踪图像的加载,同步其它操作,使用方法如下:

MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker(this); //初始化对象 tracker.addImage(image_01, 1); // 加入要跟踪的BufferedImage对象image_001 tracker.waitForID(1, 10000) // 等待10秒,让iamge_01图像加载

从一个32位int型数据cARGB中读取图像RGB颜色值的代码如下:

int alpha = (cARGB >> 24)& 0xff; //透明度通道 int red = (cARGB >> 16) &0xff; int green = (cARGB >> 8) &0xff; int blue = cARGB & 0xff;

将RGB颜色值写入成一个INT型数据cRGB的代码如下:

cRGB = (alpha << 24) | (red<< 16) | (green << 8) | blue;

创建一个BufferedImage对象的代码如下:

BufferedImage image = newBufferedImage(256, 256, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);

一个完整的源代码Demo如下:

package com.gloomyfish.swing;  import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.RenderingHints; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException;  import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.swing.JComponent; import javax.swing.JFrame;  public class PlasmaDemo extends JComponent {          /**       *        */       private static final long serialVersionUID = -2236160343614397287L;       private BufferedImage image = null;       private int size = 256;            public PlasmaDemo() {           super();           this.setOpaque(false);       }              protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {           Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g;           g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);           g2.drawImage(getImage(), 5, 5, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), null);       }              private BufferedImage getImage() {           if(image == null) {               image = new BufferedImage(size, size, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);               int[] rgbData = new int[size*size];               generateNoiseImage(rgbData);               setRGB(image, 0, 0, size, size, rgbData);             File outFile = new File("plasma.jpg");             try { 				ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", outFile); 			} catch (IOException e) { 				e.printStackTrace(); 			}         }           return image;       }              public void generateNoiseImage(int[] rgbData) {           int index = 0;           int a = 255;           int r = 0;           int g = 0;           int b = 0;             for(int row=0; row<size; row++) {               for(int col=0; col<size; col++) {                   // set random color value for each pixel                   r = (int)(128.0 + (128.0 * Math.sin((row + col) / 8.0)));                   g = (int)(128.0 + (128.0 * Math.sin((row + col) / 8.0)));                   b = (int)(128.0 + (128.0 * Math.sin((row + col) / 8.0)));                                      rgbData[index] = ((clamp(a) & 0xff) << 24) |                                   ((clamp(r) & 0xff) << 16)  |                                   ((clamp(g) & 0xff) << 8)   |                                   ((clamp(b) & 0xff));                   index++;               }           }                  }              private int clamp(int rgb) {           if(rgb > 255)               return 255;           if(rgb < 0)               return 0;           return rgb;       }            public void setRGB( BufferedImage image, int x, int y, int width, int height, int[] pixels ) {           int type = image.getType();           if ( type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB || type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB )               image.getRaster().setDataElements( x, y, width, height, pixels );           else               image.setRGB( x, y, width, height, pixels, 0, width );       }              public static void main(String[] args) {           JFrame frame = new JFrame("Noise Art Panel");           frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);           frame.getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout());                      // Display the window.           frame.getContentPane().add(new PlasmaDemo(), BorderLayout.CENTER);           frame.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400 + 25,450));           frame.pack();           frame.setVisible(true);       }   }   

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