写了很多篇关于图像处理的文章,没有一篇介绍Java 2D的图像处理API,文章讨论和提及的
API都是基于JDK6的,首先来看Java中如何组织一个图像对象BufferedImage的,如图:
一个BufferedImage的像素数据储存在Raster中,ColorModel里面储存颜色空间,类型等
信息,当前Java只支持一下三种图像格式- JPG,PNG,GIF,如何向让Java支持其它格式,首
先要 完成Java中的图像读写接口,然后打成jar,加上启动参数- Xbootclasspath/p
newimageformatIO.jar即可。
Java中如何读写一个图像文件,使用ImageIO对象即可。读图像文件的代码如下:
File file = new File("D:\\test\\blue_flower.jpg"); BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file);
写图像文件的代码如下:
File outputfile = new File("saved.png"); ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png",outputfile);
从BufferedImage对象中读取像素数据的代码如下:
int type= image.getType(); if ( type ==BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB || type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB ) return (int [])image.getRaster().getDataElements(x, y, width, height, pixels ); else return image.getRGB( x, y, width, height, pixels, 0, width );
首先获取图像类型,如果不是32位的INT型数据,直接读写RGB值即可,否则需要从Raster
对象中读取。
往BufferedImage对象中写入像素数据同样遵守上面的规则。代码如下:
int type= image.getType(); if ( type ==BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB || type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB ) image.getRaster().setDataElements(x, y, width, height, pixels ); else image.setRGB(x, y, width, height, pixels, 0, width );
读取图像可能因为图像文件比较大,需要一定时间的等待才可以,Java Advance Image
Processor API提供了MediaTracker对象来跟踪图像的加载,同步其它操作,使用方法如下:
MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker(this); //初始化对象 tracker.addImage(image_01, 1); // 加入要跟踪的BufferedImage对象image_001 tracker.waitForID(1, 10000) // 等待10秒,让iamge_01图像加载
从一个32位int型数据cARGB中读取图像RGB颜色值的代码如下:
int alpha = (cARGB >> 24)& 0xff; //透明度通道 int red = (cARGB >> 16) &0xff; int green = (cARGB >> 8) &0xff; int blue = cARGB & 0xff;
将RGB颜色值写入成一个INT型数据cRGB的代码如下:
cRGB = (alpha << 24) | (red<< 16) | (green << 8) | blue;
创建一个BufferedImage对象的代码如下:
BufferedImage image = newBufferedImage(256, 256, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
一个完整的源代码Demo如下:
package com.gloomyfish.swing; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Dimension; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.awt.RenderingHints; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.swing.JComponent; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class PlasmaDemo extends JComponent { /** * */ private static final long serialVersionUID = -2236160343614397287L; private BufferedImage image = null; private int size = 256; public PlasmaDemo() { super(); this.setOpaque(false); } protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)g; g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); g2.drawImage(getImage(), 5, 5, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), null); } private BufferedImage getImage() { if(image == null) { image = new BufferedImage(size, size, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); int[] rgbData = new int[size*size]; generateNoiseImage(rgbData); setRGB(image, 0, 0, size, size, rgbData); File outFile = new File("plasma.jpg"); try { ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", outFile); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return image; } public void generateNoiseImage(int[] rgbData) { int index = 0; int a = 255; int r = 0; int g = 0; int b = 0; for(int row=0; row<size; row++) { for(int col=0; col<size; col++) { // set random color value for each pixel r = (int)(128.0 + (128.0 * Math.sin((row + col) / 8.0))); g = (int)(128.0 + (128.0 * Math.sin((row + col) / 8.0))); b = (int)(128.0 + (128.0 * Math.sin((row + col) / 8.0))); rgbData[index] = ((clamp(a) & 0xff) << 24) | ((clamp(r) & 0xff) << 16) | ((clamp(g) & 0xff) << 8) | ((clamp(b) & 0xff)); index++; } } } private int clamp(int rgb) { if(rgb > 255) return 255; if(rgb < 0) return 0; return rgb; } public void setRGB( BufferedImage image, int x, int y, int width, int height, int[] pixels ) { int type = image.getType(); if ( type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB || type == BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB ) image.getRaster().setDataElements( x, y, width, height, pixels ); else image.setRGB( x, y, width, height, pixels, 0, width ); } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame("Noise Art Panel"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout()); // Display the window. frame.getContentPane().add(new PlasmaDemo(), BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(400 + 25,450)); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } }