7个最常用的获取硬件设备信息的linux命令/工具
在linux系统下有很多linux命令或者linux工具可以用来查看系统硬件的信息，包括cpu，内存，有些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。本文将会介绍7个常用的查看硬件信息的linux命令，比如：lscpu命令，hwinfo命令， lshw命令，lspci命令，lsblk 命令和lsusb命令。
1. lscpu-获取cpu命令的信息
[root@devops ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 1
On-line CPU(s) list: 0
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
CPU socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 45
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 2194.842
BogoMIPS: 4389.68
Hypervisor vendor: Xen
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 15360K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0
2.Lshw -显示硬件信息的列表
这个命令很常用，可以通过不同的选项来显示不同的硬件信息，包括：CPU, 内存，磁盘，USB控制器，硬件驱动器等，该命令主要从/proc目录下的不同文件中获取综合的硬件信息。
默认情况下，linux下是不安装这个工具的，所以你需要先安装，然后才能使用，安装方法如下：
wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz
tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz
cd lshw-B.02.14
make && make install
[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short
H/W path Device Class Description
=====================================================
system HVM domU
/0 bus Motherboard
/0/0 memory 96KiB BIOS
/0/1 processor Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz
/0/2 memory System Memory
/0/2/0 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM
/0/2/1 memory 512MiB DIMM RAM
/0/3 memory 96KiB BIOS
/0/4 processor CPU
/0/5 memory System Memory
/0/6 memory
/0/7 memory
/0/100 bridge 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
/0/100/1 bridge 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1 scsi1 storage 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.1/0.0.0 /dev/cdrom1 disk SCSI CD-ROM
/0/100/1.2 bus 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
/0/100/1.2/1 usb1 bus UHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1.2/1/2 input QEMU USB Tablet
/0/100/1.3 bridge 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
/0/100/2 display GD 5446
/0/100/3 generic Xen Platform Device
/1 eth0 network Ethernet interface
/2 eth1 network Ethernet interface
[root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#
3. Hwinfo - 硬件信息
Hwinfo 命令也是一个用来查看硬件信息的工具，功能和lshw命令类似，但是能够获取到更多更详细的硬件信息。
按照下面的方法安装Hwinfo工具：
对于CentOS 6系统
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
#yum list hwinfo
#yum install hwinfo
对于Centos5系统
#rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm
#yum list hwinfo
#yum install hwinfo
[root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:gf-release ########################################### [100%]
[root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
gf | 2.9 kB 00:00
gf/primary_db | 58 kB 00:00
Available Packages
hwinfo.x86_64
[root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
gf | 2.9 kB 00:00
gf/primary_db | 58 kB 00:00
Available Packages
hwinfo.x86_64 20.2-1.gf.el6 gf
[root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed
.....
[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short
oops: don't know what to do with "short"
[root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short
cpu:
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz
keyboard:
/dev/input/event3 AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
/dev/ttyS0 serial console
mouse:
/dev/input/mice Adomax QEMU USB Tablet
/dev/input/mice Macintosh mouse button emulation
/dev/input/mice ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse
graphics card:
Cirrus Logic GD 5446
storage:
Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
Xen Virtual Storage 0
Xen Virtual Storage 1
Xen Virtual Storage 2
network:
eth0 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0
eth1 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1
network interface:
lo Loopback network interface
eth0 Ethernet network interface
eth1 Ethernet network interface
disk:
/dev/xvda Disk
/dev/xvdb Disk
partition:
/dev/xvda1 Partition
/dev/xvdb1 Partition
cdrom:
/dev/sr0 QEMU DVD-ROM
usb controller:
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
bios:
BIOS
bridge:
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
hub:
Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller
memory:
Main Memory
unknown:
FPU
DMA controller
PIC
Timer
Keyboard controller
XenSource Xen Platform Device
[root@devops tmp]#
4. lspci
lscpi 命令可以列出PCI总线的相关信息，以及连接在PCI总线上的其它硬件设备的信息，比如VGA适配器，USB端口信息， SATA控制器信息等。
lspic命令是pciutils工具包的一部分，所以需要先安装pciutils工具包。
#yum install pciutils
[root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated
---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================
Installing:
pciutils x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 base 85 k
Updating for dependencies:
pciutils-libs x86_64 3.1.10-2.el6 base 34 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Upgrade 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 119 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 85 kB 00:00
(2/2): pciutils-libs-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 34 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 913 kB/s | 119 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : pciutils-libs-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 1/3
Installing : pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 2/3
Cleanup : pciutils-libs-3.1.4-11.el6.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : pciutils-libs-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : pciutils-libs-3.1.4-11.el6.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6
Dependency Updated:
pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6
Complete!
Samples:
[root@devops tmp]# lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)
00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)
00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446
00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01)
[root@devops tmp]#
5. lsusb- 显示USB总线的信息
lsusb 是 usbutils 工具包的一部分，所以需要先安装usbutils工具包:
#yum install usbutils
[root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================
Installing:
usbutils x86_64 003-4.el6 base 71 k
Installing for dependencies:
libusb1 x86_64 1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 base 80 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================
Install 2 Package(s)
Total download size: 152 k
Installed size: 377 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 80 kB 00:00
(2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 71 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3.0 MB/s | 152 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 1/2
Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6
Dependency Installed:
libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6
Complete!
Sample:
[root@devops tmp]# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd
[root@devops tmp]#
6. lsblk- 显示block设备的信息
[root@devops tmp]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
xvda 202:0 0 20G 0 disk
└─xvda1 202:1 0 20G 0 part /
xvdb 202:16 0 10G 0 disk
└─xvdb1 202:17 0 10G 0 part /alidata
sr0 11:0 1 362K 0 rom
7. lsscsi- List the SCSI device information
显示 scsi/sata设备信息，比如硬盘或者光磁盘信息。
[root@devops tmp]# lsscsi
[1:0:0:0] cd/dvd QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 0.10 /dev/sr0
[root@devops tmp]#
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