系统自动化安装部署工具——cobbler

本节我们来讲一讲系统自动化安装工具,大家应该还记得我在在前面的内容中曾经有讲过一个跟这个类似的PXE安装环境,而本节我们要讲的这个cobbler其实就是PEX的加强版,那么下面我们就来学习下如何部署安装吧。

 

cobbler的介绍

cobbler是一个部署和创建系统的工具,他的主要功能就是通过一些自动化的操作来简化系统管理员的操作,他也可以使虚拟化操作变的简化;其组成部分主要包括cobbler和cobbler_web两部分。

 

cobbler所依赖的服务

想要组件一个cobbler环境,还得有以下几个服务

?TFTP (在安装cobbler时会自动装上一个)      
?rsync(一般系统自带,只需设置开机启动)      
?DHCP(可以单独安装,也可以使用dnsmasq包安装,该包同时安装了DHCP以及DNS)      
?DNS(这个其实也可以不用)

 

cobbler框架

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大多数情况不需要system,只需要distribution,repository,profile

 

cobbler的命令

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cobbler的安装配置

注意:cobbler由epel源提供,因此安装之前必须配置好yum源

需要安装的包有:cobbler  pykickstart   debmirror

[root@www ~]# yum install cobbler

可以看到安装过程中tftp也会自动安装

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安装完成之后可以看到在下面路径下会产生cobbler目录

[root@www ~]#ls /var/www/    
cgi-bin  cobbler  error  html  icons

可以使用tree命令看下这个目录

[root@www ~]# tree /var/www/cobbler

image

 

启动服务

[root@www ~]# service httpd start

[root@www ~]# service cobblerd start

启动cobblerd后监听在25151

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检查存在的问题

root@www ~]# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:       需要修复的问题


1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.    
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.    
3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.    
4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync    
5 : comment 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support    
6 : comment 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support    
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one    
8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

如上各问题的解决方法如下所示:        
1、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的server参数的值为提供cobbler服务的主机相应的IP地址或主机名;        
2、修改/etc/cobbler/settings文件中的next_server参数的值为提供PXE服务的主机相应的IP地址;        
3、如果当前节点可以访问互联网,执行“cobbler get-loaders”命令即可;否则,需要安装syslinux程序包,而后复制/usr/share/syslinux/{pxelinux.0,memu.c32}等文件至/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/目录中;        
4、执行“chkconfig rsync on”命令即可;        
5、注释/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@dists="sid";”一行;        
6、注释/etc/debmirror.conf文件中的“@arches="i386";”一行;        
7、执行“openssl passwd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4)”生成密码,并用其替换/etc/cobbler/settings文件中default_password_crypted参数的值;        
8、执行“yum install cman fence-agents”命令安装相应的程序包即可;

接着重启cobblerd,而后执行“cobbler sync”同步新的配置至cobbler。

 

由于有些问题是可以忽略的,因此我们这里就给出了其中一些步骤

修改配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

     server参数

     image

     next_server参数

     image

     default_password_crypted参数

     image

     密码生成命令:openssl passwd -1 -salt 'openssl rand -hex 4'

安装syslinux包以及复制相应文件

由于syslinux以及安装所有这里我只需复制相应文件即可,是否安装的查看命令

[root@www ~]# yum list syslinux    
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security    
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile    
Installed Packages    
syslinux.x86_64                                                                                4.02-8.el6                                                                                 @base

[root@www ~]#  cd /usr/share/syslinux/

[root@www syslinux]# ls    
altmbr.bin    cmd.c32        dmitest.c32   gptmbr.bin    hdt.c32      int18.com       isohdppx_c.bin      linux.c32  mbr_c.bin    menu.c32      pxechain.com  sdi.c32         vesainfo.c32    
altmbr_c.bin  config.c32     dosutil       gptmbr_c.bin  host.c32     isohdpfx.bin    isohdppx_f.bin      ls.c32     mbr_f.bin    pcitest.c32   pxelinux.0    sysdump.c32     vesamenu.c32    
altmbr_f.bin  cpuid.c32      elf.c32       gptmbr_f.bin  ifcpu64.c32  isohdpfx_c.bin  isolinux.bin        lua.c32    memdisk      pmload.c32    reboot.c32    syslinux64.exe  vpdtest.c32    
cat.c32       cpuidtest.c32  ethersel.c32  gpxecmd.c32   ifcpu.c32    isohdpfx_f.bin  isolinux-debug.bin  mboot.c32  memdump.com  poweroff.com  rosh.c32      syslinux.com    whichsys.c32    
chain.c32     disk.c32       gfxboot.c32   gpxelinux.0   ifplop.c32   isohdppx.bin    kbdmap.c32          mbr.bin    meminfo.c32  pwd.c32       sanboot.c32   syslinux.exe

[root@www syslinux]# cp -r * /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/                      复制文件

 

开机启动rsync

[root@www ~]#chkconfig rsync on

ok,其他几项暂时忽略,重启服务并同步

[root@www syslinux]# service cobblerd restart    
Stopping cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]    
Starting cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]

[root@www syslinux]# cobbler sync

image

配置及启动cobbler所依赖的各服务

cobbler的运行依赖于dhcp、tftp、rsync及dns服务。其中dhcp可由dhcpd(isc)提供,也可由dnsmasq提供;tftp可由tftp-server程序包提供,也可由cobbler自带的tftp功能提供;rsync由rsync程序包提供;dns可由bind提供,也可由dnsmasq提供。

安装配置dhcp

这里直接使用yum单独安装

[root@www ~]# yum install dhcp

安装好之后可以看下生成的文件

[root@www syslinux]# rpm -ql dhcp

image

其中/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample是一个配置示例,可以复制过来

[root@www syslinux]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

 

 

 

修改配置文件

[root@www syslinux]# vim  /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

image

# dhcpd.conf    
#    
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd    
#

# option definitions common to all supported networks...    
option domain-name "mwj.com";    
option domain-name-servers 172.16.6.20;

default-lease-time 600;    
max-lease-time 7200;    

log-facility local7;


subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {    
    range 172.16.6.100 172.16.6.120;             # dhcp给定的地址段    
    option routers 172.16.6.20;                      # 路由器地址    
}

next-server 172.16.6.20;                              # 指向tftp    
filename="pxelinux.0";

 

配置好之后启动服务

[root@www ~]# service dhcpd start

Starting dhcpd:                                            [  OK  ]

dhcp监听在udp67号端口

[root@www syslinux]# ss -unl|grep 67    
UNCONN     0      0                         *:67                       *:* 

配置tftp服务

这里只须直接启动xinetd守护进程即可

[root@www ~]# chkconfig tftp on                       开机启动    
[root@www ~]# service xinetd start                 启动下xinetd

tftp监听在udp69好端口

[root@www ~]# ss -unl|grep 69    
UNCONN     0      0                         *:69                       *:*

配置cobbler

配置distro

这里我们使用cobbler import命令导入

来看下这个命令的使用格式

[root@www ~]# cobbler import --help

Usage: cobbler [options]

Options:    
  -h, �Chelp                   show this help message and exit    
  --arch=ARCH             OS architecture being imported    
  --breed=BREED         the breed being imported    
  --os-version=OS_VERSION    
                                  the version being imported    
  --path=PATH             local path or rsync location    
  --name=NAME           name, ex 'RHEL-5'    
  --available-as=AVAILABLE_AS    
                                  tree is here, don't mirror    
  --kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE    
                                  assign this kickstart file    
  --rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS    
                                  pass additional flags to rsync

这里的导入前提是光盘已经挂载

[root@www ~]# cobbler import --name=centos-6.5-x86_64 --path=/media/cdrom                  后面的路径是光盘挂载的路径

创建的过程就是将光盘中的文件复制到这个目录下的过程,可能会比较慢需要等部件长的时间

image

创建好之后路径是在下面路径中

image

查看生成的distro

[root@www ks_mirror]# cobbler distro list

image

 

配置profile

我这里已经准备好了一个kickstart文件,你也可以根据自己的anaconda文件(anaconda-ks.cfg)进行修改

[root@www tmp]# ls    
  centos6.x86_64.cfg

编辑该文件

image

  

验证下是否有错误

[root@www tmp]# ksvalidator centos6.x86_64.cfg            

       没有出现错误就是最好的消息

 

创建profile

[root@www tmp]# cobbler profile add --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-basic --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/tmp/centos6.x86_64.cfg

[root@www tmp]# cobbler profile list    
   centos-6.5-x86_64                                                      这个是创建distro的时候默认生成的    
   centos-6.5-x86_64-basic

 

创建好之后执行cobbler sync命令

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ok,都好了之后我们就可以创建一个新的虚拟机进行测试了

image

 

 

cobbler_web

cobbler_web是一个可以配置的网络接口,通过网络远程来进行配置

直接yum安装

[root@www ~]# yum install cobbler-web

  配置支持认证功能

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/modules.conf

image 验证模式修改为pam

 

先创建一个测试用户

[root@www ~]# useradd cobadm    
[root@www ~]# passwd cobadm    
Changing password for user cobadm.    
New password:    
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word    
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple    
Retype new password:    
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

 

修改配置文件将用户加进行

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/users.conf

image

重启服务

[root@www ~]# service cobblerd restart    
Stopping cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]    
Starting cobbler daemon:                                   [  OK  ]    
[root@www ~]# service httpd restart    
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]    
Starting httpd:                                            [  OK  ]

 

然后看看是否能够访问了

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   OK,具体的配置希望大家自己去摸索吧,这里我就不再阐述了!

 

那么本节的内容就讲到这里,欢迎大家的批评指正,谢谢!

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