手把手教 centos+nginx1.3.9+php5.4.9+mysql5.5.28+memcached

一：安装Nginx
 
1,添加一个不能登录且没有主目录的用户：
 
1 # useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin(www可以用nginx,说明是nginx用户)

2,必要的组件

 
# wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.13.zip
# unzip pcre-8.13.zip
# cd pcre-8.13
# ./configure
# make && make install
 

（如果有错误提示：

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

 请按照下面的安装方法：

安装pcre-devel与openssl-devel解决问题

 

yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel）

MGB，安装出现一个问题 make: *** No rule to make target `build', needed by `default'.  Stop.，莫名的奇妙；

安装make：

yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make

安装g++:

yum install gcc gcc-c++

yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

3,编译nginx并安装
# tar -zxvf nginx-1.3.9.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.3.9
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module  --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.34
# make && make install
 --with-pcre 后面的路径 为源码包解压后的路径，而不是安装路径，否则会报错！
[2].安装PHP
 
1,安装必要的组件
 
# yum -y install libjpeg-devel libpng-devel
# wget ftp://mcrypt.hellug.gr/pub/crypto/mcrypt/libmcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz（下载，这个路径不一定正确，可以通过其他方法下载）
# tar -zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure
# make && make install
 
==64位系统==
 
1 # ln -s /usr/lib64/mysql/ /usr/lib/mysql
 
==64位系统==
 
二：编译php并安装
 
# cd php-5.4.9
# ./configure --prefix=/opt/php --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt ='对于libmcrypt的安装目录' --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets  --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-mysql --with-mysqli --enable-sqlite-utf8 --with-pdo-mysql --enable-ftp --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-png-dir --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www
# make && make install

 

相关错误解决：

checking for cURL in default path... not found
configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -
easy.h should be in /include/curl/

其实就是curl的dev包没有安装, 解决方案:
终端下

# yum -y install curl-devel

然后就可以继续了

在CentOS编译PHP5的时候有时会遇到以下的一些错误信息，基本上都可以通过yum安装相应的库来解决。以下是具体的一些解决办法：

checking for BZip2 support… yes checking for BZip2 in default path… not found configure: error: Please reinstall the BZip2 distribution

Fix: yum install bzip2-devel

checking for cURL support… yes checking if we should use cURL for url streams… no checking for cURL in default path… not found configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution �C easy.h should be in/include/curl/

Fix: yum install curl-devel

 

checking for curl_multi_strerror in -lcurl… yes checking for QDBM support… no checking for GDBM support… no checking for NDBM support… no configure: error: DBA: Could not find necessary header file(s).

Fix: yum install db4-devel

checking for fabsf… yes checking for floorf… yes configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.

Fix: yum install libjpeg-devel

checking for fabsf… yes checking for floorf… yes checking for jpeg_read_header in -ljpeg… yes configure: error: png.h not found.

Fix: yum install libpng-devel

checking for png_write_image in -lpng… yes If configure fails try �Cwith-xpm-dir=

Fix: Reconfigure your PHP with the following option. --with-xpm-dir=/usr

checking for png_write_image in -lpng… yes configure: error: libXpm.(a|so) not found.

Fix: yum install libXpm-devel

checking for bind_textdomain_codeset in -lc… yes checking for GNU MP support… yes configure: error: Unable to locate gmp.h

Fix: yum install gmp-devel

checking for utf8_mime2text signature… new checking for U8T_DECOMPOSE… configure: error: utf8_mime2text() has new signature, but U8T_CANONICAL is missing. This should not happen. Check config.log for additional information.

Fix: yum install libc-client-devel

checking for LDAP support… yes, shared checking for LDAP Cyrus SASL support… yes configure: error: Cannot find ldap.h

Fix: yum install openldap-devel

checking for mysql_set_character_set in -lmysqlclient… yes checking for mysql_stmt_next_result in -lmysqlclient… no checking for Oracle Database OCI8 support… no checking for unixODBC support… configure: error: ODBC header file ‘/usr/include/sqlext.h’ not found!

Fix:

yum install unixODBC-devel

checking for PostgreSQL support for PDO… yes, shared checking for pg_config… not found configure: error: Cannot find libpq-fe.h. Please specify correct PostgreSQL installation path

Fix: yum install postgresql-devel

checking for sqlite 3 support for PDO… yes, shared checking for PDO includes… (cached) /usr/local/src/php-5.3.7/ext checking for sqlite3 files in default path… not found configure: error: Please reinstall the sqlite3 distribution

Fix: yum install sqlite-devel

checking for utsname.domainname… yes checking for PSPELL support… yes configure: error: Cannot find pspell

Fix: yum install aspell-devel

checking whether to enable UCD SNMP hack… yes checking for default_store.h… no

checking for kstat_read in -lkstat… no checking for snmp_parse_oid in -lsnmp… no checking for init_snmp in -lsnmp… no configure: error: SNMP sanity check failed. Please check config.log for more information.

Fix: yum install net-snmp-devel

checking whether to enable XMLWriter support… yes, shared checking for xml2-config path… (cached) /usr/bin/xml2-config checking whether libxml build works… (cached) yes checking for XSL support… yes, shared configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt >= 1.1.0 distribution

Fix: yum install libxslt-devel

configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.

Fix: yum install libxml2-devel

checking for PCRE headers location… configure: error: Could not find pcre.h in /usr

Fix: yum install pcre-devel

configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under yes. Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!

Fix: yum install mysql-devel

checking for unixODBC support… configure: error: ODBC header file ‘/usr/include/sqlext.h’ not found!

Fix: yum install unixODBC-devel

checking for pg_config… not found configure: error: Cannot find libpq-fe.h. Please specify correct PostgreSQL installation path

Fix:

yum install postgresql-devel

configure: error: Cannot find pspell

Fix: yum install pspell-devel

configure: error: Could not find net-snmp-config binary. Please check your net-snmp installation.

Fix: yum install net-snmp-devel

configure: error: xslt-config not found. Please reinstall the libxslt >= 1.1.0 distribution

Fix: yum install libxslt-devel

3,拷贝和修改php配置文件
 
# cp php.ini-production /opt/php/lib/php.ini 或是/usr/local/lib/php.ini
# cp /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /opt/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
# /opt/php/bin/php --ini   //测试ini文件是否加载
 
修改php.ini
 
 [PHP]
safe_mode = On
register_globals = Off
magic_quotes_gpc = Off
allow_url_fopen = Off
allow_url_include = Off
expose_php=Off
disable_functions = shell_exec,system,exec,passthru,show_source,curl_exec,curl_multi_exec,get_cfg_var
[Date]
date.timezone = “Asia/Shanghai”
 
修改php-fpm.conf
 
[global]
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = log/php-fpm.log
log_level = notice
emergency_restart_threshold = 0
emergency_restart_interval = 0
[www]
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35(不能大于max_children)
pm.max_requests = 500
 
4,添加服务启动脚本
# cp nginx /etc/init.d/nginx
# cp php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# chkconfig nginx on
# chkconfig php-fpm on

 

三：安装Mysql
 
3.1, 创建mysql安装目录
 
1 # mkdir -p /opt/mysql/
 
3.2, 创建数据存放目录
 
1 # mkdir -p /data/mysql/
 
3.3, 创建用户和用户组与赋予数据存放目录权限
 
# useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql/
 
3.4, 安装必要的组件
 
# yum -y install cmake
# yum -y install ncurses-devel
 
3.5, 编译安装Mysql

 

tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz 

cd mysql-5.5.28

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
# make && make install

 

安装完mysql服务器运行正常,但无法使用gbk字符集,系统装了中文支持,mysql重装了几次都不行.
show character set里没有gbk;
set names gbk 就提示错误 #1115 - Unknown character set: 'gbk'

------------
解决方案：

上面的编译参数-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk
这个参数引起的问题
方法一、去掉这个参数,默认值是支持all的charset 
方法二、直接改为-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all

加入-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci选项后，启动mysql可能会有问题，须在my.cnf 文件 [mysqld]加入

character_set_server=utf8

3.6, 初始化数据库
 
# cd /opt/mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/
 
3.7, 配置环境
 
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf（这里的my.cnf参考服务器的内存大小 一般my-medium.cnf是256M，my-large.cnf是512M）
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
# chkconfig mysql on
# export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH //设置环境变量
 
3.8, 启动并设置初始密码
 
# /etc/init.d/mysql start
# mysqladmin -uroot password '123123'
 
进行再修改密码的语句
1: UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD(‘newpwd’) WHERE User = ‘root’;(生新设置密码)

2: flush privileges;（刷新权限）

注：mysql日志文件保存在/data/mysql/下面，对应数据文件保存的路径（比如.err)。

四：安装memcached

1.下载libevent和memcached

http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz

2.安装libevent

tar -zxvf libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz
cd libevent-2.0.18-stable
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
make && make install
cd ../

3.安装memcached

tar -zxvf memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.4.13
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent/
make && make install
cd ..

4:安装Memcache的PHP扩展 

(1).在http://pecl.php.net/package/memcache 选择相应想要下载的memcache版本。 
(2).安装PHP的memcache扩展

tar vxzf memcache-2.2.6.tar.gz 
cd memcache-2.2.6
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure �Cenable-memcache �Cwith-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config �Cwith-zlib-dir 
make 
make install

(3).上述安装完后会有类似这样的提示：

Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/

(4).把php.ini中的extension_dir = “./”修改为

extension_dir = “/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/”

(5).添加一行来载入memcache扩展：extension=memcache.so

5.启动并加入启动项

/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -l 192.168.1.2 -u www -m 512 -c 10240 -p 12000 -P /tmp/memcached.pid

将以上加入到/etc/rc.local方便下次自动启动
*注：用户-u必须指定,在此处示例所用的是WEB用户www

6.使用telnet查看状态

telnet 192.168.1.2 12000
stats #查看运行状态
quit #退出

附注：

php5.4.9启动命令：/opt/php/sbin/php-fpm

检测php运行进程 ps aux|grep php-fpm

php-fpm 关闭：
kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

关闭后，需要 /opt/php/sbin/php-fpm启动；没有php-fpm.pid就用touch创建。
php-fpm 重启：
kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

Nginx 服务启动命令：/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx

语法检测 /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t    检测nginx.conf文件语法；

php启动报错：

ERROR: [pool www] cannot get uid for user 'fpm'

需要在php-fpm上改动user=fpm

                                       group=fpm

fpm改成nginx；（安装nginx的用户）