一个Excel导入SQL Server的例子

编者注:你可曾想过要如何将Excel表中的数据导入到SQL Server中?在导入的时候,你是否能找到自己的主键呢?笔者通过一个例子告诉你,该怎么导入,希望对大家有所帮助。

有人提问如下:

这个是Excel的,比如是test.xls
 

欠费年份 欠费开始月份 欠费结束月份 应缴金额(月租)  

2001              9                    12                  94.4  

2008              5                    12                  88.8  

2010              8                     12                 90.4

___________________________________________

这个是表:比如是a表

a(pk,int,not null) //主键,自动增长

b(varchar(19),null) //费款所属期

c(decimal(10,2),null) //应缴金额

___________________________________________

现在我要将test.xls中的数据导入到a表,从开始月份到结束月份要做循环导入,比如第一条2001年的从9月到12月要录入4条数据到a表,导入后的格式如:

select * from a

a        b       c

1 2001-09 94.4

2 2001-10 94.4

3 2001-11 94.4

4 2001-12 94.4

数据库是:MS Sql server 2008

解析:

思路一:可以使用OpenRowset查询导入到表变量中,再用游标循环赋值。方法如下:

     
     
     
     
use testdb2
go
/* ******************建立测试数据***[email protected]********************** */
IF NOT OBJECT_ID ( ' [TBTest] ' ) IS NULL
DROP TABLE [ TBTest ]
GO
CREATE TABLE [ TBTest ] (
[ tid ] int identity ( 1 , 1 ) primary key ,

[ date ] NVARCHAR ( 20 ) null ,
[ Money ] decimal ( 10 , 2 ) null )
go

/* ******************启用Ad Hoc Distributed Queries***[email protected]********************** */

-- ------USE master
--
------go

-- ------sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
--
------GO
--
----------reconfigure
--
--------启用分布式查询 Ad Hoc Distributed Queries
--
------sp_configure 'Ad Hoc Distributed Queries', 1
--
------GO
--
------reconfigure
--
------go

use testdb2
go

/* ******************定义表变量***[email protected]********************** */

Declare @TableVar table
(PKId
int primary key identity ( 1 , 1 )
,RYear
int not null ,BMonth int not null
,EMonth
int not null ,RMoney Decimal ( 15 , 2 ) not null
-- --,d1 date null,d2 Date null
)

insert into @TableVar
(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)
select * from OpenRowSet ( ' Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ' ,
' Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:\test\test20110501.xls ' ,
' select * from [Sheet1$] ' )
 
/* ******************第一种方法,用游标***[email protected]********************** */

DECLARE @RYear int
declare @BMonth int
declare @EMonth int
declare @RMoney int

DECLARE DateDemo_cursor CURSOR FOR
select RYear,BMonth,EMonth,RMoney from @TableVar where 1 = 1
OPEN DateDemo_cursor

FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor
INTO @RYear , @BMonth , @EMonth , @RMoney

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
-- --print @RYear
-- --print @BMonth
-- --print @EMonth
-- --print @RMoney

-- 修改记录
while ( @EMonth - @BMonth >= 0 )
begin
insert INTO [ TBTest ]
SELECT TOP 1 cast (RYear AS nvarchar ( 4 )) + ' - ' +
CASE WHEN ( @BMonth < 10 ) THEN ' 0 ' + cast ( @BMonth AS nvarchar ( 2 ))
ELSE cast ( @BMonth AS nvarchar ( 2 )) END ,
Rmoney
from @TableVar where Ryear = @RYear

SET @BMonth = @BMonth + 1
end
-- 修改结束
FETCH NEXT FROM DateDemo_cursor into @RYear , @BMonth , @EMonth , @RMoney

END
CLOSE DateDemo_cursor
DEALLOCATE DateDemo_cursor

GO
SELECT * FROM [ TBTest ]

查询结果:

     
     
     
     
/*
tid date Money
1 2001-09 94.40
2 2001-10 94.40
3 2001-11 94.40
4 2001-12 94.40
5 2008-05 88.80
6 2008-06 88.80
7 2008-07 88.80
8 2008-08 88.80
9 2008-09 88.80
10 2008-10 88.80
11 2008-11 88.80
12 2008-12 88.80
13 2010-08 90.40
14 2010-09 90.40
15 2010-10 90.40
16 2010-11 90.40
17 2010-12 90.40
*/

评价:该方法使用了最传统的方法,思路清晰。但没有体现SQL server 2008的语法特性,略显繁琐。

思路二:可否使用CTE实现?(KillKill提供)

     
     
     
     
/*
     
     
     
     
******************第二种方法,用CTE,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2******** */
/* **************************************[email protected]********************** */

TRUNCATE table [ TBTest ]
go

Declare @TableVar table
(PKId
int primary key identity ( 1 , 1 )
,RYear
int not null ,BMonth int not null
,EMonth
int not null ,RMoney Decimal ( 15 , 2 ) not null
);

insert into @TableVar (RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)
select * from OpenRowSet ( ' Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ' ,
' Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:\test\test20110501.xls ' ,
' select * from [Sheet1$] ' );

with seq as ( select top 12 row_number() over ( order by object_id ) val
from sys.objects)
select
cast (t.RYear AS nvarchar ( 4 )) + ' - ' +
CASE WHEN (t.BMonth + seq.val < 10 ) THEN ' 0 ' + cast (t.BMonth + seq.val AS nvarchar ( 2 ))
ELSE cast (t.BMonth + seq.val AS nvarchar ( 2 )) END
,RMoney c
from @TableVar t inner join seq
on t.BMonth + seq.val <=
     
     
     
     
EMonth;

思路三:可否使用SQL Server 2008新提供的Merge实现?

思路四:使用NPOI在业务层实现数据转换。

思路五:用Master..spt_values表实现(由小F提供)

利用该表,可获取一定区间内的列表,最长不超过2048,如

     
     
     
     
select number from master..spt_values
where type = ' P ' and
number between 1 and 5
/*
number
1
2
3
4
5
*/

因为月份最多12,不超过2048,因此可以利用 master..spt_values。

     
     
     
     
/* ******************第五种方法,用master..spt_values,适用于sql2005/2008/2008 r2******** */
/* **************************************[email protected]********************** */

Declare @TableVar table
(PKId
int primary key identity ( 1 , 1 )
,RYear
int not null ,BMonth int not null
,EMonth
int not null ,RMoney Decimal ( 15 , 2 ) not null
-- --,d1 date null,d2 Date null
);

insert into @TableVar
(RYear ,BMonth ,EMonth ,RMoney)
select * from OpenRowSet ( ' Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 ' ,
' Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=1;Database=D:\test\test20110501.xls ' ,
' select * from [Sheet1$] ' );

select
tid
= row_number() over ( order by getdate ()), ltrim (RYear) + ' - ' + ltrim ( right ( 100 + number , 2 )) as date,
 b.RMoney
as money
from
master..spt_values a,
@TableVar b
where
number between BMonth and EMonth
and
type
= ' p '

思路六:使用SSIS实现

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