SELinux2
SELinux1
续:
13. /etc/sysconfig
文件配置某些服务是如何运行的
named
sendmail
dhcpd
samba
init
syslog
14.
独立守护进程是通过
/etc/xinetd.conf
(默认配置文件)
/etc/xinetd.d/services
运行的,在
/etc/xinetd.d/services
中也可指定,若冲突时,以
/etc/xinetd.d/services
中规定的为准。
/etc/xinetd.conf
的默认配置:
defaults
{
# The next two items are intended to be a quick access place to
# temporarily enable or disable services.
# enabled =
# disabled =
# Define general logging characteristics.
log_type = SYSLOG daemon info
log_on_failure = HOST
log_on_success = PID HOST DURATION EXIT
# Define access restriction defaults
# no_access =
# only_from =
# max_load = 0
cps = 50 10
instances = 50
per_source = 10
【
cps
单位时间内并发访问数,相当于软限制。限制时默认等待
10
秒钟,每秒的最大连接数为
50
【
instance
定义某个服务最多允许的并发连接数,相当于硬限制,超过了则不允许其他用户再访问。
【
per_source
某个
ip
最多能发起几个连接到主机上来,及并发连接数
【
only_from
后的地址类型:
网络地址
(192.168.1.0)
网络名
(from /etc/networks)ip
地址
/
子网掩码
(192.168.0.0/24)
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /tftpboot
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
2.
)非独立守护进程
chkconfig SERVICE on/off (
添加或删除某个服务为开机自启动或关闭
)
service xinetd restart
用
telent
来实现以下实验,此前需先确保
/etc/sysconfig/network
和
/etc/hosts
中的主机名一致
例:【
1.
若将
/etc/xinetd.d/telnet
中添加
127.0.0.1
,则其他用户
telnet
被拒绝,只允许本机登录(注意:
telnet
不支持
root
用户登录,所以需创建普通用户来进行
telent
,当普通用户登录后也可切换到
root
用户)
yum install telnet-server
cd /etc/xinet.d/
已经出现了
telnet
chkconfig telnet on
service xinetd restart
chkconfig xinetd on
(必须开启)
chkconfig --level 35 xinetd on
telnet 192.168.0.108
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
Kernel 2.6.18 -164.el5 on an i686
gin: thg
Password:
Last login: Tue Feb 24 24:47:46 from server19
若将
/etc/xinetd.d/telnet
中添加
bind =127.0.0.1
,即只允许本地登录。
vim /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
disable = no
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID
bind =127.0.0.1
(绑定本机地址)
}
Service xinetd restart
(重启服务)
C:\>telnet 192.168.0.108
正在连接到
192.168.0.108...
不能打开到主机的连接,
在端口
23:
连接失败
【
2.
基于
ip
地址的拒绝访问
vim /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
disable = no
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID
only_from=192.168.0.0/24
(允许来自
192.168.0.0
网段的地址访问)
no_access=192.168.0.106
(但是不允许
192.168.0.106
主机进行访问)
}
Service xinetd restart
(重启服务)
(
这里实现最佳匹配
,
拒绝
192.168.0.106)
显示登录失败信息:
$ telnet 192.168.0.108
Trying 192.168.0.108…
telnet: connect to address 192.168.0.108: Connection refused
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused
【
3.
基于访问时间拒绝服务,如果不在这个时间段内,则访问被拒绝
vim /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
disable = no
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID
access_times=8:00-12:00
}
Service xinetd restart
(重启服务)
显示登录失败的信息为:
$ telnet 192.168.0.108
Trying 192.168.0.108...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.0.108: Connection refused
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused
【
4.
基于并发连接数的控制
vim /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentica
service telnet
{
disable = no
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnet
log_on_failure += USERID
instances=2
(表示该服务的并发连接数最多为
2
)
per_source=1(
表示在某台主机上只能打开一个终端访问远程主机
)
}
Service xinetd restart
(重启服务)
当在
station6
上第一次远程登录时,登录成功。
$ telnet 192.168.0.108
Trying 192.168.0.108...
Connected to server8example.com (192.168.0.108).
Escape character is '^]'.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
Kernel 2.6.18 -164.el5 on an i686
login: thg
Password:
Last login: Tue Feb 24 01:35:41 from server6
在不关闭第一个窗口的情况下再另外打开一个窗口,这时将会被拒绝。
# telnet 192.168.0.108
Trying 192.168.0.108...
Connected to server8.example.com (192.168.0.108).
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.
【
5.banner
:可设置在用户登录时,将把某个文件的内容显示给用户
cd /usr/share
vim telnet.banner
Welcome to come here!!!!!!
保存退出
~ .
vim /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
disable = no
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID
banner =/usr/share/telnet.banner
}~
Service xinetd restart
(重启服务)
# telnet 192.168.0.108
Trying 192.168.0.108...
Connected to server8.example.com (192.168.0.108).
Escape character is '^]'.
Welcome to come here!!!!!!
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)login: thg
Password:
Last login: Wed Feb 24 01:37:06 from server6