现任明教教主ASA8.3 Object NAT/Twice NAT介绍

最近购买我收费SNAF视频的学员提出要求，说8.3的nat和以前有很大变化，我发现确实如此，所以今天我专门制作了这个文档进行说明，并且我会把这个部分融入我最新的SNAF课程，并且及时的把更新视频发给购买服务的学员！

Network Object NAT配置介绍

1.Dynamic NAT（动态NAT，动态一对一）

实例一:

传统配置方法：

nat (Inside) 1 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

global (Outside) 1 202.100.1.100-202.100.1.200

新配置方法（Network Object NAT）

object network Outside-Nat-Pool

range 202.100.1.100 202.100.1.200

object network Inside-Network

subnet 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

object network Inside-Network

nat (Inside,Outside) dynamic Outside-Nat-Pool

实例二:

object network Outside-Nat-Pool

range 202.100.1.100 202.100.1.200

object network Outside-PAT-Address

host 202.100.1.201

object-group network Outside-Address

network-object object Outside-Nat-Pool

network-object object Outside-PAT-Address

object network Inside-Network

（先100-200动态一对一，然后202.100.1.201动态PAT,最后使用接口地址动态PAT）

nat (Inside,Outside) dynamic Outside-Address interface

教主认为这种配置方式的好处是，新的NAT命令绑定了源接口和目的接口，所以不会出现传统配置影响DMZ的问题（当时需要nat0 + acl来旁路）

2.Dynamic PAT (Hide)（动态PAT，动态多对一）

传统配置方式：

nat (Inside) 1 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

global(outside) 1 202.100.1.101

新配置方法（Network Object NAT）

object network Inside-Network

subnet 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

object network Outside-PAT-Address

host 202.100.1.101

object network Inside-Network

nat (Inside,Outside) dynamic Outside-PAT-Address

or

nat (Inside,Outside) dynamic 202.100.1.102

3.Static NAT or Static NAT with Port Translation（静态一对一转换，静态端口转换）

实例一：（静态一对一转换）

传统配置方式：

static (Inside,outside) 202.100.1.101 10.1.1.1

新配置方法（Network Object NAT）

object network Static-Outside-Address

host 202.100.1.101

object network Static-Inside-Address

host 10.1.1.1

object network Static-Inside-Address

nat (Inside,Outside) static Static-Outside-Address

or

nat (Inside,Outside) static 202.100.1.102 <dns>

实例二：（静态端口转换）

传统配置方式：

static (inside,outside) tcp 202.100.1.102 2323 10.1.1.1 23

　

　新配置方法（Network Object NAT）

object network Static-Outside-Address

host 202.100.1.101

object network Static-Inside-Address

host 10.1.1.1

　object network Static-Inside-Address

nat (Inside,Outside) static Static-Outside-Address service tcp telnet 2323

or

　 nat (Inside,Outside) static 202.100.1.101 service tcp telnet 2323

4.Identity NAT

传统配置方式：

nat (inside) 0 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

　新配置方法（Network Object NAT）

object network Inside-Address

host 10.1.1.1

object network Inside-Address

nat (Inside,Outside) static Inside-Address

or

nat (Inside,Outside) static 10.1.1.1

Twice NAT（类似于Policy NAT）

实例一：

传统配置:

access-list inside-to-1 permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 host 1.1.1.1

access-list inside-to-202 permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 host 202.100.1.1

nat (inside) 1 access-list inside-to-1

nat (inside) 2 access-list inside-to-202

global(outside) 1 202.100.1.101

global(outside) 2 202.100.1.102

新配置方法（Twice NAT）:

object network dst-1

host 1.1.1.1

object network dst-202

host 202.100.1.1

object network pat-1

host 202.100.1.101

object network pat-2

host 202.100.1.102

object network Inside-Network

subnet 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

nat (Inside,Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-1 destination static dst-1 dst-1

nat (Inside,Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-2 destination static dst-202 dst-202

实例二：

传统配置:

access-list inside-to-1 permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 host 1.1.1.1

access-list inside-to-202 permit ip 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 host 202.100.1.1

nat (inside) 1 access-list inside-to-1

nat (inside) 2 access-list inside-to-202

global(outside) 1 202.100.1.101

global(outside) 2 202.100.1.102

static (outside,inside) 10.1.1.101 1.1.1.1

static (outside,inside) 10.1.1.102 202.100.1.1

新配置方法（Twice NAT）:

object network dst-1

host 1.1.1.1

object network dst-202

host 202.100.1.1

object network pat-1

host 202.100.1.101

object network pat-2

host 202.100.1.102

object network Inside-Network

subnet 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

object network map-dst-1

host 10.1.1.101

object network map-dst-202

host 10.1.1.102

nat (Inside,Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-1 destination static map-dst-1 dst-1

nat (Inside,Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-2 destination static map-dst-202 dst-202

实例三：

传统配置:

access-list inside-to-1 permit tcp 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 host 1.1.1.1 eq 23

access-list inside-to-202 permit tcp 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 host 202.100.1.1 eq 3032

nat (inside) 1 access-list inside-to-1

nat (inside) 2 access-list inside-to-202

global(outside) 1 202.100.1.101

global(outside) 1 202.100.1.102

新配置方法（Twice NAT）:

object network dst-1

host 1.1.1.1

object network dst-202

host 202.100.1.1

object network pat-1

host 202.100.1.101

object network pat-2

host 202.100.1.102

object network Inside-Network

subnet 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0

object service telnet23

service tcp destination eq telnet

object service telnet3032

service tcp destination eq 3032

nat (Inside,Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-1 destination static dst-1 dst-1 service telnet23 telnet23

nat (Inside,Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-2 destination static dst-202 dst-202 service telnet3032 telnet3032

Main Differences Between Network Object NAT and Twice NAT（Network Object NAT和Twice NAT的主要区别）

How you define the real address.（从如何定义真实地址的角度来比较）

– Network object NAT—You define NAT as a parameter for a network object; the network object definition itself provides the real address. This method lets you easily add NAT to network objects. The objects can also be used in other parts of your configuration, for example, for access rules or even in twice NAT rules.

<NAT是network object的一个参数，network object定义自己为真实地址。这种配置方式，让你轻松的为network object 添加nat。这个object能够被用在配置的其它部分，例如：访问控制列表或者twice nat策略。>

– Twice NAT—You identify a network object or network object group for both the real and

mapped addresses. In this case, NAT is not a parameter of the network object; the network object or group is a parameter of the NAT configuration. The ability to use a network object group for the real address means that twice NAT is more scalable.

<为真实和映射后地址定义network object或者network object group。在twice nat中，NAT不是network object的一个参数，network object或者group是NAT配置的一个参数。能够为真实地址使用network object group，也体现了twice nat的可扩展性。 >

How source and destination NAT is implemented.(源和目的nat被运用)

– Network object NAT— Each rule can apply to either the source or destination of a packet. So two rules might be used, one for the source IP address, and one for the destination IP address. These two rules cannot be tied together to enforce a specific translation for a source/destination combination.

<每一个策略只能运用到数据包的源或者目的，如果要转换一个包的源和目的，需要使用两个策略，这两个策略不能绑定到一起来做实现特殊的源和目的的转换。>

– Twice NAT—A single rule translates both the source and destination. A matching packet only matches the one rule, and further rules are not checked. Even if you do not configure the optional destination address for twice NAT, a matching packet still only matches one twice NAT rule. The source and destination are tied together, so you can enforce different translations depending on the source/destination combination. For example, sourceA/destinationA can have a different translation than sourceA/destinationB.

<一个单一策略，既能转换源也能转换目的。一个包只能匹配上一个策略，并且不再做进一步检查了。就算你没有配置twice nat的目的地址选项，一个数据包也只能匹配一个twice nat策略，目的和源被绑定到一起，因此你能够基于不同的源和目的做转换，例如:源A/目的A与源A/目的B转换不同>

We recommend using network object NAT unless you need the extra features that twice NAT provides. Network object NAT is easier to configure, and might be more reliable for applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP).

<我们推荐使用network object NAT,除非你明确需要twice nat所提供的特性。Network object nat非常容易配置，并且对语音等运用更加可靠>

NAT Rule Order

 

 

排序实例：

192.168.1.1/32 (static)

10.1.1.0/24 (static)

192.168.1.0/24 (static)

172.16.1.0/24 (dynamic) (object abc)

172.16.1.0/24 (dynamic) (object def)

192.168.1.0/24 (dynamic)

查看NAT顺序的命令:

ASA(config)# sh run nat

nat (Inside,Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-2 destination static dst-202 dst-202 service telnet3032 telnet3032

!

object network Inside-Network

nat (Inside,Outside) dynamic 202.100.1.105

!

nat (Inside,Outside) after-auto source dynamic Inside-Network pat-1 destination static dst-1 dst-1 service telnet23 telnet23

ASA(config)# sh nat

Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)

1 (Inside) to (Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-2 destination static dst-202 dst-202 service telnet3032 telnet3032

translate_hits = 1, untranslate_hits = 0

Auto NAT Policies (Section 2)

1 (Inside) to (Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network 202.100.1.105

translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0

Manual NAT Policies (Section 3)

1 (Inside) to (Outside) source dynamic Inside-Network pat-1 destination static dst-1 dst-1 service telnet23 telnet23

translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0

如何调整和插入NAT

nat (Inside,Outside) 1 source dynamic Inside-Network pat-1 destination static dst-1 dst-1 service telnet23 telnet23